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为了解扎龙保护区圈养群体亚成体丹顶鹤越冬期越冬行为策略,于2014年11月至2015年3月采用目标取样法和瞬时记录法对圈养2013年和2014年亚成体丹顶鹤进行研究。结果表明,圈养亚成体丹顶鹤越冬期主要以取食行为为主(34.14%),其次为站立行为(15.77%);双因素方差分析显示,温度对越冬期各行为均有显著影响,年龄仅对玩耍行为有显著影响,Pearson相关性分析,温度与取食和游走行为显著正相关,与站立和静栖显著负相关,年龄与玩耍行为显著正相关。表明圈养亚成体丹顶鹤越冬期温度升高时取食和运动,温度降低时站立和静栖,2岁龄亚成体丹顶鹤相较于1岁龄更喜欢玩耍。 相似文献
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丹顶鹤越冬期在人工湿地的夜栖数量分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对丹顶鹤越冬期问在盐城国家级自然保护区内人工湿地的夜栖地调查，得出鹤群夜栖分布数量及其动态规律，进而提出对该种群与夜栖地的管理举措。该项工作主要借助望远镜、GPS、照相机，采用直接计数法统计数量，往年数据则引用参考文献。结果表明：人工湿地中丹顶鹤的夜栖分布数量随着环境的改变而改变，其中安全度和水位为其主要限制因子。因此控制人工湿地冬季水位，保护栖息环境不受人为影响是丹顶鹤安全越冬的主要保护措施。本文根据上述研究结果，提出了管理建议。 相似文献
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黑龙江七星河国家级自然保护区位于三江平原腹地,是丹项鹤的重要繁殖地,2011年4～5月对保护区繁殖前期的丹顶鹤孵化行为进行了观察,结果表明:丹顶鹤孵化期的各种行为具有较强的规律性,各行为频率依次为:繁殖31.34%、觅食28.26%、警戒20.12%、静栖8.99%、游走4.51%、其他6.78%。在不同繁殖阶段,丹顶鹤各行为的生境分配存在一定差异。在产卵前期,繁殖行为主要发生在芦苇火烧地,觅食行为主要发生在农田;在孵化初期,繁殖行主要发生在苇丛里,觅食行为主要发生在芦苇火烧地。 相似文献
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丹顶鹤（Grusjaponensis）为国家一级保护动物,世界濒危物种。野生种群数量2600多只,繁殖于中国的东北、俄罗斯、日本、朝鲜等地,越冬于长江、黄河下游地区,尤以江苏盐城自然保护区为最多,达1000余只。丹顶鹤的应激反应是丹顶鹤机体对受到体内及外界环境变化刺激时的一种适应性反应。应激反应受多种因素刺激而产生,包括生产繁殖因素、运输、外界的环境因素等,这些应激因素“应激原”刺激丹顶鹤都会给丹顶鹤机体造成危害,其表现为丹顶鹤极度兴奋,狂躁不安,采食减少;合成代谢减弱,饲料转化率降低,生产性能下降,免疫力减弱,过敏等。 相似文献
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江苏沿海滩涂是丹顶鹤的主要越冬地,为掌握其数量分布及动态规律,1989年元月,盐城珍禽自然保护区管理处组织人员,对越冬丹顶鹤的数量进行了连继第7年调查,发现其最多已达637只,占世界丹顶鹤总数的57.9％(637/1100),其中有582只分布在盐城滩除。自1982年冬以来,盐城市有关部门每年在丹顶鹤的越冬期组织力量,对盐城滩涂进行同步调查,1982—1988年越冬期的丹顶鹤数量分别为361、301、472、611、618、314和582只。根据近几年鹤群的分布动态,丹顶鹤在盐城沿海滩涂的分布呈现了由北向南移动的趋势,主要向大丰境内迁移。并 相似文献
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为了研究矩镰荚苜蓿地下芽越冬期超微结构变化，利用透射电镜技术，对该植物越冬期地下芽幼叶细胞进行了观察。结果显示：越冬期间，矩镰荚苜蓿越冬芽幼叶细胞超微结构发生了一系列积极适应低温的变化。细胞内的大体积液泡被分解为小液泡，液泡不断地溶解和吞噬；质体由圆形和椭圆形变形为马蹄状和变形虫状，质体内淀粉粒减少甚至消失；脂滴细胞器增多；由于细胞内发生质壁分离现象，胞间连丝断连且逐渐变模糊甚至消失。分析认为，矩镰荚苜蓿在越冬期间可通过地下芽幼叶细胞器结构的变化，使其自身进入休眠状态，进而抵御寒冷胁迫。 相似文献
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笼养东方白鹳越冬行为的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用瞬时扫描法研究了东方白鹳（Cionia boyciana）越冬行为的活动节律和时间分配。结果表明：笼养东方白鹳在越冬期其活动有一定的节律性；越冬期的主要行为时间分配比例分别为静栖行为59．25％、避风行为11．17％、觅食行为6．41％、瞭望行为5．56％、理羽行为5．39％、游走行为5.14％；成年个体与幼雏在越冬行为时间分配上表现出了很大的差异；两性间越冬行为时间分配的差异不大；不同的温度、天气条件，对笼养东方白鹳越冬行为有影响。经观察发现：东方白鹳在高纬度北方地区越冬，对北方寒冷的天气有一系列的适应性，能在北方室外安全过冬。 相似文献
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丹顶鹤在响水盐滩上的越冬地 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)在响水县沿海滩涂的越冬场所是一块盐田和扬水滩。笔者在丹顶鹤的越冬季节对这块越冬地进行了长约三个月的观察。本文是对丹顶鹤在响水滩涂的越冬场所分布和生存条件的简要介绍。滩涂现状及越冬场所分布响水县位于江苏省的灌河入海处。沿海滩涂面积约占全县面积的四分之一。滩涂上有三道海堤和八条港河贯穿,并有十三个面积不等的扬水滩(相当于浅水库),其余都是盐田。(见附图)。整个滩涂以老海堤为界,堤外侧除扬水 相似文献
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The commercial housing of African Ostriches in Germany for the breed and meat production still represents a disputed topic under the criterion of the animal's welfare. Above all critics state that the frequently wet-cold weather in Germany impairs the well-being and health of the animals. So far however there are just a few scientifically documented data about requirements for housing conditions of ostriches in Central Europe and thus hardly answers whether housing in Germany is possible under the criteria of the animal's welfare. This study tried to evaluate ostrich housing under South German climatic conditions (Rhine level), on the basis of behavioral observations of breeding ostriches. The use of the stable and the influence of different climatic parameters on the behavior were considered. In addition the behavior of 18 adult animals in 5 breeding groups from January to December 2002 was observed. Parallel various climatic data were raised. The housing of the animals took place in open stables with unrestricted pasture possibility. The ostriches reacted in their behavior to different climatic conditions. Particularly at cold weather and adverse soil conditions they used the open stable increasingly as weather protection. In addition, with increased wind velocities the animals spent more time in the stables. The daily amount of precipitation showed no influence on the frequency or duration of the stable use. Rainfall did not animate the animals to look for protection within the stable, but more to set itself on the ground in the external enclosure. The locomotion activity of the animals was strongly in dependence to the reproduction time and the territorial behavior and therefore highest in spring. On cold days the animals performed their reproduction behavior mainly in the stable. For the comfort behaviour distinct weather dependence was seen particularly for sand bathing. Warm temperatures and dry sand were the preconditions for it. Regarding the results it seems, that with the conditions existing on the examined farm, housing of ostriches under respect of animal welfare in Germany is possible. New regulations are to be demanded, adjusted to the newest level of knowledge about ostrich husbandry, with requirements for care, support, accommodation and nutrition of the animals as well as about the qualification of the owners. An occasional hobby animal husbandry limited to few single ostriches is to be rejected. Further scientific investigations at other farms, possibly also under variable climatic conditions are however necessary. 相似文献
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为探讨不同播种时期紫花苜蓿（Medicago saliva L.）根颈抗氧化特性变化规律及其与越冬的关系,本试验选择3个紫花苜蓿品种（骑士T、公农1号、擎天柱）,于2017年7月1日开始,每5天播种一期,播种至8月15日。2017年10月11日（土壤冻融交替期）、11月11日（土壤封冻期）取样测定紫花苜蓿根颈中超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）、过氧化物酶（Peroxidase,POD）、过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）活性和丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）含量,翌年春季调查越冬率。结果表明：随着播种时期的推迟,3个紫花苜蓿品种的越冬率均明显下降,紫花苜蓿根颈中CAT,POD,SOD酶活均呈下降趋势;越冬率与10月11日紫花苜蓿根颈的SOD酶活性及11月11日根颈的POD酶活性呈显著正相关关系,与10月11日和11月11日根颈的MDA含量呈负相关关系。研究认为,紫花苜蓿根颈中SOD,POD,CAT 3种抗氧化酶是其适应低温的关键酶,在阿鲁科尔沁地区,7月21日之前播种可有效提高紫花苜蓿越冬率。 相似文献
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本研究初步探讨了越冬期间硅肥与紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）越冬生理指标的关系以及不同冬灌处理对紫花苜蓿的越冬率的影响,为保障苜蓿越冬提供新的思路。本试验通过对比越冬期间田间土壤温度、土壤体积含水量及植株根颈部抗寒性生理指标的差异,分析了冬灌和硅肥对紫花苜蓿抗寒性、越冬率的影响。结果表明：越冬率最高的是最大冬灌水量处理的小区,且该处理越冬期间土壤温度和土壤体积含水量均高于其他处理,春季土壤解冻后深层土壤的含水量也高于其他处理;硅肥可提高紫花苜蓿根颈部可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸含量,并降低丙二醛含量,可提高紫花苜蓿的抗寒性。本试验结果初步证明冬灌可提高苜蓿越冬率。 相似文献
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Direct impacts of climatic warming on heat stress in endothermic species: seabirds as bioindicators of changing thermoregulatory constraints 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
There is now abundant evidence that contemporary climatic change has indirectly affected a wide-range of species by changing trophic interactions, competition, epidemiology and habitat. However, direct physiological impacts of changing climates are rarely reported for endothermic species, despite being commonly reported for ectotherms. We review the evidence for changing physiological constraints on endothermic vertebrates at high temperatures, integrating theoretical and empirical perspectives on the morphology, physiology and behavior of marine birds. Potential for increasing heat stress exposure depends on changes in multiple environmental variables, not just air temperature, as well as organism-specific morphology, physiology and behavior. Endotherms breeding at high latitudes are vulnerable to the forecast, extensive temperature changes because of the adaptations they possess to minimize heat loss. Low-latitude species will also be challenged as they currently live close to their thermal limits and will likely suffer future water shortages. Small, highly-active species, particularly aerial foragers, are acutely vulnerable as they are least able to dissipate heat at high temperatures. Overall, direct physiological impacts of climatic change appear underrepresented in the published literature, but available data suggest they have much potential to shape behavior, morphology and distribution of endothermic species. Coincidence between future heat stress events and other energetic constraints on endotherms remains largely unexplored but will be key in determining the physiological impacts of climatic change. Multi-scale, biophysical modeling, informed by experiments that quantify thermoregulatory responses of endotherms to heat stress, is an essential precursor to urgently-needed analyses at the population or species level. 相似文献
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Temperature is a critical factor influencing avian phenology, due to its direct impact on food and water availability. Most previous studies have focused on the timing of spring migration and the arrival of birds at breeding grounds along the European and American flyways; little is known about migration ecology at the wintering sites along the Asian flyways. Using linear regression models, this study investigates how local temperature variation and EI Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the arrival and departure timing of 9 waterbird species breeding in Mongolia or Siberia and overwintering in Poyang, China from 2002 to 2013. Birds mainly arrive at Poyang in October and depart for their breeding sites in March. Out of the 9 species, 6 show a strong negative relationship between departure time and overwintering temperature in Poyang. Departure dates also show a negative association with overwintering ENSO and March ENSO for two species. Both local and large‐scale climate indices show no influence on the arrival timing of waterbirds. We suggest that birds react to the annual variation of overwintering temperature: an earlier departure of waterbirds is facilitated by a warmer overwintering period and vice versa. The long‐term accumulated temperature effect is more pronounced than ENSO and the short‐term local temperature effect. Our findings could help quantify the potential impact of global warming on waterbirds. 相似文献
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采用2000-2015年呼伦贝尔沙质草原区MODIS NDVI数据,反演该区植被覆盖状况,结合同期6个气象站点的温度和降水量数据,采用线性回归分析、相关与偏相关分析等数理统计方法,探讨植被覆盖变化对气候因子的年际、季节响应特征。结果表明：呼伦贝尔沙质草原植被覆盖较好区域主要集中在陈巴尔虎旗的东北部、鄂温克旗的中东部以及新巴尔虎左旗的东南部区域;近15年间的研究区植被覆盖状况呈逐年波动改善趋势,尤其是2010年后的植被覆盖呈明显改善趋势;2000-2009年间的年均温呈小幅波动的平稳提升趋势,降水则呈不显著降低趋势;而自2010年后,二者的变化趋势正好相反,年均降水量呈显著增加趋势;夏季气温呈不显著降低、降水则呈显著波动增加的年际变化趋势均有利于植被生长;降水是植被覆盖状况最主要的影响因子,气温对植被覆盖的影响也较大。 相似文献
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科尔沁沙地播种时期对不同紫花苜蓿品种抗寒性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨科尔沁沙地苜蓿根颈抗寒保护物质对播种时期的生理响应。选择3个紫花苜蓿品种(骑士T、公农1号、擎天柱),在内蒙古自治区赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗草业核心区,于2017年7月1日开始,每隔5 d播种一期,播种至8月15日。2017年10月11日、11月11日取样测定紫花苜蓿根颈中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、淀粉含量,翌年春季调查越冬率,对苜蓿根颈中的抗寒保护物质含量变化及其与越冬率的相关性进行探究。结果表明,随着播种时期的推迟,苜蓿根颈的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、淀粉、游离氨基酸均呈递减趋势,苜蓿越冬率与11月11日取样测定苜蓿根颈中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸均呈极显著正相关关系;苜蓿越冬率与10月11日取样测定苜蓿根颈中的可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关关系,与可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸呈极显著正相关关系;公农1号苜蓿品种在11月11日测定的根颈的可溶性糖含量及淀粉含量显著高于骑士T和擎天柱,且与越冬率变化一致。研究认为,播种时期是影响科尔沁沙地苜蓿越冬的重要因素之一,苜蓿根颈中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸是抗寒保护物质。为确保安全越冬科尔沁沙地种植苜蓿最佳的播种时期为7月1日-7月16日,适宜该地区种植的品种为公农1号。 相似文献