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4种园林绿化植物根际对土壤养分的富集效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨城市不同绿化植物根际和非根际土壤养分状况,采集了不同绿化植物(大叶女贞、广玉兰、木芙蓉和夹竹桃)根际和非根际土,测定根际和非根际土壤中p H值、有机碳含量、氮素含量、磷素含量、钾素含量和微生物数量(微生物总数、细菌数量、真菌数量和放线菌数量),研究城市绿化植物根际对土壤养分的富集效应。研究结果表明:不同种植物通过根系调节p H的能力不同,植物根际和非根际土壤p H值表现出显著差异(P0.05)。不同绿化植物根际与非根际土壤养分含量(有机碳、全氮、速效氮、速效磷、全钾、速效钾的含量以及微生物总数、细菌数量、真菌数量和放线菌数量)均表现为:大叶女贞广玉兰木芙蓉夹竹桃,并且根际土壤养分含量均显著高于非根际土壤,表现出显著的富集作用;土壤全磷含量在根际与非根际土壤中差异不显著(P0.05),表现出显著的亏损作用。相关性分析表明:土壤有机碳和全氮对土壤养分含量影响较大,而p H与土壤养分含量基本呈显著或极显著的负相关关系,全磷对于土壤养分含量基本没有影响。通过以上研究说明不同绿化植物土壤养分含量在根际存在一定的富集,它们通过降低根际p H值可以提高根际养分含量,而放线菌数目对植物根际微小的变化响应更为灵敏,根际土壤养分良好的富集也是绿化植物赖以生长的基础。 相似文献
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为了探究内生菌对中国特有植物青檀根际土壤肥力变化的影响,选取桂西北常见乡土树种青檀以及石山造林先锋树种任豆为研究对象,采集自然植被样地青檀和人工林对照样地任豆的非根际土壤样品、根际土壤样品和根系样品为试验材料,利用常规的土壤理化分析、细菌培养及16S rRNA测序技术相结合的研究方法,依次分析研究树种非根际土壤细菌、根际土壤细菌及根内生细菌的群落结构特征,并在门和属两个不同水平,对根内生细菌与土壤理化因子的相关性进行分析,进一步说明内生细菌对青檀根际土壤肥力变化的影响。结果表明：（1）不同植被调查样地细菌种群数量具有明显差异,无论是非根际土壤细菌、根际土壤细菌,还是根内生细菌,任豆人工林对照样地明显高于青檀自然植被样地;（2）根内生细菌与根际土壤细菌及非根际土壤细菌彼此联系,相互作用,既有一定数量的共有种,又有各自的特有种,而且特有种的数量明显大于共有种;（3）在不同植被调查样地,菌群数量大小排序为：根际土壤细菌>非根际土壤细菌>根系内生菌;（4）青檀自然植被样地和任豆人工林对照样地,土壤细菌和根内生细菌的优势菌门组成相似,但相对丰度不同,其共有种的优势菌群均为芽孢杆菌属,... 相似文献
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西瓜枯萎病抗性及其嫁接对根际土壤微生物数量及群落结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】揭示不同枯萎病抗性西瓜品种根际土壤微生物的差异及嫁接提高抗病性的土壤微生物学基础。【方法】以抗枯萎病西瓜品种‘甜妞’和感枯萎病西瓜品种‘天使’为试材,以南瓜（博强1号）为嫁接砧木,采用平板计数及PCR-DGGE技术,研究抗感枯萎病西瓜品种自根苗、嫁接苗和砧木不同生育期根际土壤微生物数量及群落结构的变化。【结果】抗性品种根际土壤细菌数量在生育期的中后期显著高于感病品种,根际土壤真菌数量显著低于感病品种;感病品种嫁接后根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量均高于非嫁接处理,而镰孢菌除苗期外均低于非嫁接处理;PCR-DGGE结果表明,不同处理根际土壤细菌、真菌群落结构存在差异,且随生育期的变化而变化。对差异条带测序分析说明不同西瓜品种及嫁接砧木南瓜根际分布不同的细菌和真菌群。【结论】西瓜抗病品种的根际土壤细菌和放线菌的数量显著高于感病品种,而真菌和镰孢菌数量显著低于感病品种,品种的抗性与根际土壤微生物的种群和数量密切相关;嫁接提高了感病品种根际土壤细菌、放线菌微生物数量,抑制了枯萎病菌的积聚,改变了根际土壤微生物群落结构。植物基因型对根际土壤微生物群落结构有显著影响,而根际微生物群落结构的不同将导致植物对病原菌的抗性差异及品种差异。 相似文献
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根际微生物与植物病害 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
综述了国内外根际微生物与植物病售方面的研究成就,并从根际微生物的致病作用、根际微生物对植物病原物的影响、与植物抗病性的关系和值物病售防治等几方面进行了论证。最后,作者对此领域研究的现状和前景阐明了自已的观点。 相似文献
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植物根际的微生物互作及其在植物病害生物防治中的应用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
介绍了在植物根际的微生物互作及其在生物防治中的应用现状.重点讨论了细菌生防因子与植物细菌和真菌病原物间的互作,真菌生防因子与原生动物、植物细菌和真菌病原物间的互作,以及根际微生物对植物生长的促进作用及多个生防因子的协同作用等.此外本文还简述了不同互作下的行为模式,如共生、抗生、竞争及寄生等. 相似文献
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沙雷氏菌Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48分离自油菜根际,是一种产几丁质酶和IAA的植物根际促生细菌。离体抑菌活性测定表明,菌株HRO-C48具有广谱抗真菌活性。与12种测试的植物病原真菌平板对峙培养,产生大小不同的抑菌圈,说明可能通过产生抗生素抑制真菌生长。温室盆栽试验中,用HRO-C48菌悬液对番茄进行浸种和灌根处理,该菌在番茄植株根际能大量定殖,4周后根表和根际土壤中的菌量仍稳定在 1.0×106 cfu/g 水平。在温室条件下,菌株HRO-C48可有效防治黄瓜猝倒病,防治效果达49.57;还能诱导番茄叶片对灰霉病的系统抗性,诱抗效果达44.45%。综合以上结果,说明菌株HRO-C48的生防作用可能依赖于抗生、溶菌、根际竞争、促生和诱导抗性等多种机制的组合。 相似文献
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植物的根际中有大量的微生物,其中一部分根际细菌能够对植物的生长产生促进作用,这一类细菌被称作根际促生菌(PGPR)。PGPR可通过产生植物激素,解磷固氮,抑制植物病原真菌,提高植物抗逆性等方式促进直接或间接地促进植物的生长。植物能产生各类分泌物,影响根际微生物组的结构,土壤碳氮含量,酸碱度等非生物因素对根际微生物组也具有影响。PGPR通常作为微生物肥料运用在农林业上,如解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)等促生菌已经得到广泛使用。笔者对植物根际促生菌的促生作用机理,植物与非生物环境对根际微生物组的影响以及发展前景展开综述,为根际促生菌的进一步开发利用提供参考。 相似文献
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植物根际微生物次级代谢产物研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
植物根际是微生物生长的特殊微生态环境,根际微生物在种类和数量上不同于非根际微生物。近年来,通过根际微生物途径分离到一些活性物质,其中有一些新结构化合物,并在多方面具有较高生物学活性。植物根际微生物是一类值得深入研究与开发的微生物资源。 相似文献
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Lily leaf blight,caused by Botrytis elliptica,is an important fungal disease in Taiwan.In order to decrease the disease incidence in Lilium formosanum,the efficacy of application of rhizobacteria for induced systemic resistance(ISR)was examined in this study.Over 300 rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of L.formosanum healthy plants and 63 were identified by the analysis of fatty acid profiles.The ability of disease suppression of 13 strains was demonstrated by soil drench application of bacterial suspensions to the rhizosphere of L.formosanum seedlings.Biocontrol experiments were carried out with Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas putida strains on Lilium Oriental hybrid cultivars Acapulco and Star Gazer besides L.formosanum in the greenhouse and field conditions.The assay with a B.cereus strain good for disease suppression showed that the protection against B.elliptica on L.formosanum could last for at least ten days,consistent with the good association of B.cereus with lily roots.Analysis of the expression of LfGRP1 and LsGRP1,encoding glycine-rich protein of L.formosanum and cv.Star Gazer,respectively,reveals a difference between that in response to the treatment of B.cereus and that singly induced by B.elliptica,suggesting that plant defense responses driven by B.cereus follows a signaling pathway different from that triggered by B.elliptica.According to the results of biocontrol assay and LfGRP1/LsGRP1 gene expression analysis with the culture filtrates of B.cereus strains,we presume that more than one eliciting factor of ISR are generated by B.cereus and some of them exhibit thermostable and autoclave-tolerant traits.This is the first report about ISR-eliciting rhizobacteria and determinants effective for foliar disease suppression on lily. 相似文献
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植物内生细菌生防作用研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
概述植物内生细菌作为生防因子在系统抗性诱导(ISR),抗菌素、2,4-二乙酰间苯三酚(2,4-DAPG)、氰化氢(HCN)、铁载体、水杨酸(SA)和其它易挥发的有机混合物(VOC)产生,及细菌促生作用等方面的研究进展。 相似文献
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Growing awareness of the environmental damage caused by the use of chemical substances for plant disease control in agriculture has raised the need to study biological alternatives, such as activating the defense response of plant crops by inducers not toxic to the environment. Trichoderma spp. are effective biocontrol agents for a number of soilborne pathogens, and are also known for their ability to enhance plant growth and to induce systemic resistance (ISR) in plants. In our laborator… 相似文献
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Mechanisms involved in biocontrol and plant induced resistance by Trichoderna asperellun (T. harzianum T-203) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Chet I Shoresh M Yedidia I Viterbo A 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):385-385
Growing awareness of the environmental damage caused by the use of chemical substances for plant disease control in agriculture has raised the need to study biological alternatives, such as activating the defense response of plant crops by inducers not toxic to the environment. Trichoderna spp. are effective biocontrol agents for a number of soilborne pathogens, and are also known for their ability to enhance plant growth and to induce systemic resistance (ISR) in plants. 相似文献
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Mechanisms involved in biocontrol and plant induced resistance by Trichoderma asperellum（ T. harzianum T-203） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ChetI ShoreshM YedidiaI ViterboA 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):385
Growing awareness of the environmental damage caused by the use of chemical substances for plant disease control in agriculture has raised the need to study biological alternatives, such as activating the defense response of plant crops by inducers not toxic to the environment. Trichoderma spp. are effective biocontrol agents for a number of soilborne pathogens, and are also known for their ability to enhance plant growth and to induce systemic resistance (ISR) in plants. 相似文献
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为研究植物生长促生细菌CH1(Brevibacillus brevis)诱导黄瓜对猝倒病的抗性的作用机制,采用生理生化的方法,测定了黄瓜根部酚类物质代谢中苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性动态及阿魏酸、绿原酸、木质素、总酚、类黄酮含量变化。结果表明,病原菌(Pythium aphanidermatum)感染时,经CH1处理的植株根部PAL和PPO活性都明显高于未经CH1处理的,同时,经CH1处理的植株根部阿魏酸、绿原酸、木质素、总酚和类黄酮含量都高于未经CH1处理的。说明CH1是通过提高黄瓜植株体内酚类物质代谢的酶活性来激发酚类物质的积累,从而诱导黄瓜对猝倒病产生抗性。 相似文献
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Ciliento R Woo S L Di Benedetto P Ruocco M Scala F Soriente I Ferraioli S Brunner K Zeilinger S Mach R L Lorito M 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):423-423
The beneficial applications of Trichoderma spp. in agriculture include not only the control of plant pathogens, but also the improvement of plant growth, micronutrient availability, and plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In addition, it has been suggested that these fungi are able to increase plant disease resistance by activating induced systemic resistance (ISR) . The mode of action of these beneficial fungi in the Trichoderma -plant-pathogen interaction are many, complex and not comple… 相似文献
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Gary Harman 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):388-388
Trichoderma spp. have been known for their strong abilities to produce extracellular enzymes, especially cellulases and glucanases by T. reesei, and also for their abilities to control plant pathogens. Most notably, a number of lines of evidence indicate that the agriculturally relevant strains are synergistic plant symbionts. As plant symbionts they possess the following characteristics: (a) they infect plant roots but cause the plant to restrict their growth to outer layers of the plant co… 相似文献
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【目的】 筛选具有诱导番茄系统抗性的促生菌并验证其对加工番茄早疫病、灰霉病的防效,为新疆加工番茄病害的生物防治提供理论依据和菌种资源。【方法】 采用稀释涂布法,分离番茄等作物的根部土壤细菌,以无菌生理盐水和稀释至104倍数未接菌的NB培养基为空白对照,利用发芽实验初筛加工番茄促生菌;用菌株发酵液灌根处理加工番茄幼苗,以清水处理为空白对照,测量叶片中茉莉酸含量,复筛系统抗性诱导菌株,分别挑战接种番茄早疫病、灰霉病病原菌,统计疫情指数和诱抗效果。测定菌株16S rDNA序列,初步进行菌种鉴定。【结果】 共分离到147株细菌,筛选得到19株显著(P<0.05)促进加工番茄种子萌发、增加根长的促生菌,有4株促生菌显著(P<0.05)提高加工番茄叶片中茉莉酸含量,防病验证最终得到3株能同时有效防治加工番茄早疫病、灰霉病的菌株,诱抗防效在27.59%~39.44%。菌株FY10、FY12、FY93鉴定为Bacillus atrophaeus,Pseudomonas wadenswilerensis和Bacillus pumilus。【结论】 获得3株具有系统抗性诱导功能且有效防治加工番茄早疫病、灰霉病的促生菌。 相似文献
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Gaffney T Friedrich L Vernooij B Negrotto D Nye G Uknes S Ward E Kessmann H Ryals J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1993,261(5122):754-756
It has been proposed that salicylic acid acts as an endogenous signal responsible for inducing systemic acquired resistance in plants. The contribution of salicylic acid to systemic acquired resistance was investigated in transgenic tobacco plants harboring a bacterial gene encoding salicylate hydroxylase, which converts salicylic acid to catechol. Transgenic plants that express salicylate hydroxylase accumulated little or no salicylic acid and were defective in their ability to induce acquired resistance against tobacco mosaic virus. Thus, salicylic acid is essential for the development of systemic acquired resistance in tobacco. 相似文献