共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
桃、杏枝条萌芽前对^15N—尿素的吸收和萌芽后的运转与分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在田间条件下研究了‘肥城桃’、‘红玉杏’萌芽前枝条对^14N-尿素的吸收及萌芽后的运转分布规律。结果表明：1、萌芽前‘肥城桃’和‘红玉杏’枝条对^15N-尿素具有一定的吸收能力，随着时间推移、吸收利用率有所上升，至6月2日二者分别可达27%-32%和29%。2、无论是桃或杏，对未着果的果枝来说，其新梢叶片为萌芽前枝条所吸收^15N最重要的“库”。3、对着果的果枝来说，果实为最重要的^15N“库”。4、果实能加强新生器官对于萌芽前枝条所吸收^15N的“库”的作用。 相似文献
2.
萌芽前苹果枝条对~(15)N─尿素的吸收和分配利用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1988—1989年在田间条件下,研究了早春萌芽前苹果枝条对~(15) N─尿素的吸收及萌芽后的运转特性,结果表明,1.萌芽前苹果枝条对~(15)N—尿素具有一定的吸收能力。2.随着萌芽、展叶、枝条吸收的~(15)N逐渐转移到新生器官中去,具贮藏营养特点。3.萌芽前根外追N,可改善叶片的质量(如叶绿素含量,比叶重和叶面积)。 相似文献
3.
4.
《果树学报》2016,(1)
【目的】探讨一氧化氮(NO)对冷藏过程中‘肥城桃’果实内挥发性物质生物合成的影响。【方法】将生理成熟期的‘肥城桃’果实用不同浓度NO气体熏蒸3 h,考察冷藏过程中桃果实内醇类、醛类和酯类物质的释放量及其相关酶的活性。【结果】冷藏过程中,‘肥城桃’果实内醇类和醛类物质总量基本呈下降趋势,而酯类总量呈上升趋势。与对照相比,NO处理延缓了‘肥城桃’果实中醇类、醛类物质总量的下降和酯类物质总量的增加,10μL·L-1NO处理比5μL·L-1NO处理效果更明显。NO处理使桃果实中醇酰基转移酶(AAT)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)和脂氧合酶(LOX)的活性受到抑制。【结论】NO参与桃果实中一些挥发性物质的合成,NO处理能较好地保持冷藏果实挥发性物质的含量,维持果实良好的贮藏品质。 相似文献
5.
以7年生红富士苹果(Malus domestica Borkh.‘RedFuji’)/平邑甜茶(Malushupehensis)为试材,研究枝条下垂处理对春季土施15N尿素的吸收、分配与利用的影响。结果表明:枝条下垂处理植株的根系从肥料中吸收分配到的15N量对根系全氮量的贡献率(Ndff)均低于对照,其中细根在多个物候期差异显著,而粗根在果实膨大期后差异显著;中短梢及中短梢叶的Ndff差异不显著;处理果实及长梢和长梢叶的Ndff在果实采收前均显著低于对照;处理植株多年生器官的Ndff在果实采收后显著高于对照。从15N分配率看,处理植株的中短梢一直显著高于对照,果实在膨大期后显著高于对照;长梢在果实采收前显著低于对照。处理植株的15N利用率低于对照,在果实膨大期后差异显著,两者植株15N利用率在果实采收后分别为21.083%和26.495%。 相似文献
6.
肥城桃两品系果实细胞壁成分和水解酶活性的比较 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
随着果实发育成熟，肥城桃两品系果实中细胞壁含量不断下降。可溶性果胶从8月1～16日明显增加，这时果肉硬度下降最快。两品系果实的细胞壁中离子结合果胶和纤维素含量下降比例不同，这可能是造成两品系成熟软化特性不同的主要因素之一。果实发育后期‘白里肥城桃’和‘红里肥城桃’纤维素酶活性变化的不同，意味着纤维素酶在肥城桃果实软化中起重要作用。肥城桃果实中没有检测到内切PG活性，成熟后期外切PG活性上升较快。 相似文献
7.
《果树学报》2020,(7)
‘中桃9号’是以大果晚熟、耐贮运桃品种‘秦王’为母本,早熟、耐贮油桃优系‘99-37-46’为父本,通过人工杂交培育的新品种。该品种果实圆形,端正,平均单果质量255 g,大果350 g以上。果皮底色浅绿白,成熟时全面着红色,间有条状斑块。果肉白色,硬度高,纤维少,风味甜,皮下花色苷多。果实汁液可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)12.8%,总酸含量0.21%,维生素C含量8.02 mg·100 g~(-1)。果核椭圆形,中等褐色,黏核。郑州地区3月下旬开花,6月中下旬果实成熟,11月上中旬落叶。生长势中强,成花易,自花结实,以中果枝结果为佳。‘中桃9号’在河南省各桃产区表现出较好的栽培适应性,其他地区需引种试验。 相似文献
8.
大果中晚熟甜樱桃新品种‘春雷’ 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
‘春雷’是从‘红灯’ב先锋’杂交后代中选育出的大果中晚熟优质甜樱桃新品种。树势极强,树体分枝能力中等。果实大,肾形,平均单果质量8.5 g,果顶凹,果柄粗短。果实紫红色,有光泽,可溶性固形物16.5%,总糖10.11%,可滴定酸0.74%,维生素C 0.089 mg·g~(-1)。果肉脆硬,酸甜适口,品质上等,畸形果极少或无,耐贮运。自花不实,S基因型是S3S9。以中短果枝和花束状果枝结果为主,耐花期高温和夏季高温高湿天气,坐果率高,具有较好的早果性、丰产性和稳产性,盛果期产量在18 000kg·hm~(-2)以上。在郑州地区,5月25—30日果实成熟,果实发育期55~60 d。 相似文献
9.
《果树学报》2020,(9)
【目的】研究施氮水平对‘库尔勒香梨’树体生长和氮素吸收利用的影响,为合理施肥及提高氮肥利用率提供参考。【方法】以6 a(年)生的‘库尔勒香梨’树体为研究材料,采用~(15)N示踪技术,研究不同施氮水平下‘库尔勒香梨’树体的生长状况和对氮素的吸收、分配及利用特性。【结果】在不同的施氮水平下,‘库尔勒香梨’树体的生物量、氮素积累量随生育期的推进和施氮水平的提高而增加,均表现为N_3N_2N_1N_0。‘库尔勒香梨’树体各器官的Ndff值在不同施氮水平下差异较大,各生育期均表现为N_3水平下最大,N_2次之,N_1最小。在果实成熟期时,不同施氮水平下果实~(15)N分配率存在差异,N_2水平下~(15)N分配率(31.79%)显著高于N_3(23.86%)和N_1(23.76%)。‘库尔勒香梨’树体~(15)N利用率随生育期的推进显著提高,在果实成熟期树体~(15)N利用率表现为N_2(20.19%)N_1(16.86%)N_3(15.58%)。【结论】氮肥施入至果实成熟期,在N_2水平下果实的生物量和对氮素的积累量达到最大值,树体对肥料~(15)N-尿素的利用率也达到最高(20.19%)。因此,在‘库尔勒香梨’的栽培中,应该适宜控制氮素的投入,明确最适的氮肥用量,从而提高树体的氮肥利用率和果实产量,推荐6 a生‘库尔勒香梨’施氮水平为每666.7 m~2施氮20 kg。 相似文献
10.
【目的】明确肥城桃花粉粒形态特征及品种间的亲缘关系,为确定肥城桃的演化关系提供孢粉学证据。【方法】以肥城桃9个主栽品种及‘中华寿桃’的花粉为试材,采用HITACHIE-1010型扫描电镜观察花粉的形态结构。【结果】供试品种花粉粒极轴长介于31.22~34.87μm,花粉均为近扁球形,等极,辐射对称,极面为三角形,三边略成弧形,赤面均为椭圆形,肥城桃花粉属N3P4C5类型,花粉外壁纹饰均为杂乱走向的条纹状纹饰,条纹间有穿孔,为复合纹饰,各品种间纹饰的形态存在差异。聚类分析结果显示,肥城桃与‘中华寿桃’亲缘关系较远,主栽肥城桃品种‘红里肥桃’‘白里肥桃’为一类,其余肥城桃为另一类。【结论】主栽肥城桃品种演化顺序符合花粉由大到小、表面纹饰及覆盖层穿孔由简单向复杂的一般演化规律,推测供试品种的演化顺序为:‘白里肥桃’最为原始,其次为‘红里肥桃’,其他品种为群体内较为进化的类型,其中‘肥桃2号’‘肥桃3号’‘柳叶肥桃’3个品种亲缘关系较近,‘早熟肥桃’和‘刘台肥桃1号’亲缘关系较近。 相似文献
11.
E. E. Sanchez T. L. Righetti D. Sugar P. B. Lombard 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):541-546
A single postharvest urea spray at 5 and 10% increased nitrogen (N) content in one year old bark and wood and in the flower buds and blossoms in 1987. In 1988, there was also an increase in N in one year old bark and wood but not in the N content of flower buds and blossoms. Fruit set was not significantly increased in either year. Control trees were much taller in N in 1988 than they were in 1987 since additional soil N was applied. Urea labelled with 15N was applied to branches and individual spurs immediately after harvest. When the l5N-urea was applied to branches, the next season’s flower buds had 12% of their N derived from the fertilizer (NFF), but when urea was applied to individual spurs only 8% NFF was detected. Remobilization of labelled N from treated to adjacent spurs resulted in less NFF than would occur if all spurs on the same branch received labelled N. Flower clusters distal and basal to the spurs treated with labelled l5N showed considerable amounts (>60% of sprayed spur) of N from the labelled spray. However, harvest analysis of adjacent and distant spur leaves and fruits from treated spurs and branches revealed that urea was only locally mobilized in the tree. Nitrogen status can be altered with postharvest urea sprays but the response varies with the N status of the tree. Postharvest soil application of labelled N showed N movement into blossoms but not in the flower buds. 相似文献
12.
In horizontal apple stems extension shoots were usually produced only from buds on the upper side of the stem, while buds on the lower side remained dormant or grew into spurs, and the same tendency was shown in inclined stems bent so that the “upper” and “under” sides became reversed.On horizontal stems lateral shoots showed a gradient of vigour, the longest shoots being produced by proximal buds. Xylem of horizontal branches was epitrophic. These responses appear to be due to effects of gravity on the distribution of endogenous growth regulating factors within stems. In trees grown horizontally and rotated, shoots and spurs grew from all sides of the stem and xylem developed concentrically.In studies of lateral shoots of partly disbudded horizontal stems, including cincturing treatments, it was found that the vigour of basal lateral shoots was a function of bud position in relation to the apex rather than in relation to the roots.A model for lateral shoot growth in horizontal branches is proposed, in which shoot vigour is related to the position of buds along a postulated inhibitory gradient. 相似文献
13.
C. A. Wood 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(1):22-34
SummaryExcessive premature abscission of developing fruitlets in UK cherry orchards often results in low fruit yields. An improvement in our understanding of the underlying causes of embryo abortion and fruitlet abscission will help rationalize effective remedies to this problem. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of limiting the availability of leaf-derived assimilates, during critical stages of fruitlet development, on the severity of fruitlet abscission. Experimentally, this was achieved by isolating individual “spur units” (short shoots (<10 cm) with leaves and fruit) from the tree by girdling (severing the phloem connections) branches on either side of the unit. In this way, the developing fruitlets within the associated spur would be able to derive their assimilates only from the associated spur leaves. Spur units with different total leaf areas and variable numbers of developing fruitlets were chosen to achieve a wide range of potential source and sink strengths. The spurs analysed varied in leaf number from 4–9 leaves as spur leaf area increased. The largest variability in the spur leaf area number relationship occurred in spurs with 6–7 leaves. When initially determining the total leaf area per spur in May, there was no obvious relationship with fruit number per spur. Subsequent analysis of the relationship between spur leaf area and fruit number per cluster showed that fruit had been lost from spurs with the smallest leaf areas. Spurs girdled later in the season in June also showed no obvious relationship between spur leaf area and fruit number. As with spurs girdled in May, those manipulated in June lost fruit from spurs with small leaf areas. By July, there was a positive curvilinear relationship between spur leaf area and fruit number for girdled spurs. Neither total nor average fruit fresh weight per spur, at harvest, could be related to spur leaf area. The average individual fresh weight of fruit in a spur was, however, limited by the number of fruit within that spur. When spurs were girdled, fruit loss was shown to take place preferentially where the spur leaf area per fruit was low. From this analysis, it was possible to predict which girdled spurs would lose fruit, using the calculated ratio of spur leaf area per fruit. It is concluded that fruit retention, not size, appears to be limited by the availability of leaf-derived assimilates. 相似文献
14.
以6年生果实膨大后期‘赤霞珠’葡萄为试材,运用13C和15N标记技术,分别标记不同部位和节位的枝条叶片,研究碳氮营养吸收分配规律。结果表明:标记近主干和远主干枝条叶片,叶片合成的光合产物和吸收的氮素营养在近主干和远主干枝条之间不相互转运,近主干枝条上的果实对光合产物的征调能力强于远主干枝条上的果实,δ值(表示固定的13C同化物的量)是远主干枝条上果实的4.74倍;同一枝条不同节位的标记叶片距结果部位越近,果实的δ值和Ndff值越大,说明果实优先征调距果实近的叶片碳氮素营养;副梢保留6片叶所固定的光合产物总量和吸收的氮素营养总量均大于保留2片叶的,分别是其1.1倍和1.8倍。 相似文献
15.
16.
J.D. Quinlan A.P. Preston 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):525-534
Fruit set was increased by removing all shoots 5 days after full bloom and at weekly intervals thereafter from trees of Sunset and Laxton’s Fortune, but removing shoots from Fortune trees 25 days after full bloom produced no beneficial effect on fruit retention. All treatments resulted in a heavier rate of fruit shedding during the ‘June drop’ period than occurred from control trees, and at harvest the trees without shoots had fewer fruits, and lower yields, than the controls. In a comparison of shoot removal and shoot tip removal starting 15 days after full bloom on Fortune trees, both treatments improved set, but whereas shoot removal caused a heavier ‘June drop’ compared with untreated trees, shoot tip removal increased the number of fruits retained to harvest and produced a yield increase. The difference between the two treatments in their influence on fruit retention, during and after the ‘June drop’, is accounted for by the beneficial effect of a relatively small number of leaves on each tipped shoot. Studies on the pattern of distribution of photosynthates, using 14CO2 and autoradiography, produced results supporting the concept of competition between fruits and shoots and also showed changes in the pattern of assimilate movement brought about by shoot tip removal. It is concluded that competition between fruits and shoots, occurring during blossoming and the following 2–3 weeks, may limit fruit set, but the presence of shoot leaves is beneficial to fruit retention in the later part of the season, particularly during the ‘June drop’ period. 相似文献
17.
果梅对秋施15N-硫铵的吸收与利用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以细叶青梅/ 桃砧为试材, 研究了秋施15N-硫铵条件下氮的吸收、分配、贮藏和利用。休眠期果梅各器官均有贮氮能力,15N浓度根系大于多年生枝。秋施氮肥后, 冬季花中15N浓度显著高于同期其它器官; 春季果仁> 新梢> 果核> 果肉, 说明此期果仁争夺氮素营养的能力最强。新梢停长后, 当年生枝和叶中15N浓度显著下降, 而多年生器官在4～6 月均有所上升, 而6～9 月又都大幅度下降, 表明此期为多年生器官加粗和新根大量生长之际; 当年生枝15N浓度虽有所下降, 但始终高于同期多年生器官, 表明贮氮对当年生枝的花芽分化有持续作用。秋季落叶后, 衰老器官中回撤的氮素营养就近运输, 就近贮藏。次年春, 局部贮藏的氮素营养仍能重新为建造新生器官所使用。所以果梅体内氮素营养有随生长中心转移而转移, 且可较长时期重复利用的特性。 相似文献
18.
To determine the effect of electric vibration on the growth, yield and fruit quality of peach electric vibrators that provided intermittent perturbation of 6500 rpm for 15 min every 6 h were firmly attached to the trunks of peach trees. Electric vibration resulted in the reduction of shoot length by 80% but had no significant effect on fruit weight, acid content and Brix. In another experiment, electric vibrators (for 15 min every 2 h) were attached to the branches after summer pruning. The regenerated shoots from the treated branches showed more than 500% reduction in length compared to the untreated ones. Even the regenerated shoots of untreated branches nearby the vibrator showed 60% reduction in length. Ethylene production and ACC content in the shoot tips of treated branches were greater than that from control ones. 相似文献