共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 412 毫秒
1.
中国亚热带稻田土壤碳氮含量及矿化动态 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Dynamics of soil organic matter in a cultivation chronosequence of paddy fields were studied in subtropical China. Mineralization of soil organic matter was determined by measuring CO2 evolution from soil during 20 days of laboratory incubation. In the first 30 years of cultivation, soil organic C and N contents increased rapidly. After 30 years, 0-10 cm soil contained 19.6 g kg^-1 organic C and 1.62 g kg^-1 total N, with the corresponding values of 18.1 g kg^-1 and 1.50 g kg^-1 for 10-20 cm, and then remained stable even after 80 years of rice cultivation. During 20 days incubation the mineralization rates of organic C and N in surface soil （0-10 cm） ranged from 2.2% to 3.3% and from 2.8% to 6.7%, respectively, of organic C and total N contents. Biologically active C size generally increased with increasing soil organic C and N contents. Soil dissolved organic C decreased after cultivation of wasteland to 10 years paddy field and then increased. Soil microbial biomass C increased with number of years under cultivation, while soil microbial biomass N increased during the first 30 years of cultivation and then stabilized. After 30 years of cultivation surface soil （0-10 cm） contained 332.8 mg kg^-1 of microbial biomass C and 23.85 mg kg^-1 of microbial biomass N, which were 111% and 47% higher than those in soil cultivated for 3 years. It was suggested that surface soil with 30 years of rice cultivation in subtropical China would have attained a steady state of organic C content, being about 19 g kg^-1. 相似文献
2.
Land use changes affect belowground ecosystems.During the past few decades,land use in Northeast China has changed considerably,and the area of paddy fields has increased rapidly from upland.In this study,soil characteristics and soil biotic community in paddy fields with different years of rice cultivation were measured to examine the effects of land use change from upland to paddy fields on soil micro-food web.The upland maize fields were selected as control and the microbial community composition was characterized using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) analysis.The microbial biomass (total PLFA),bacteria biomass,and fungi biomass were higher in the 20-40-year (late-stage) than 1-10-year (early-stage) paddy fields.The abundances of total nematodes and bacterivores were lower in the early-stage than late-stage paddy fields.The abundance of herbivores was the highest in the early-stage paddy fields but that of omnivore-predators was the highest in the late-stage paddy fields.Structural equation model indicated that soil food web was developed and structured after 20 years of paddy cultivation.Our results suggested that soil micro-food web may be a good indicator for soil development and stabilization of paddy fields following land use change. 相似文献
3.
Dan HUANG Xinyu ZHU Baile XU Yan HE Mingkui ZHANG Fei LIU Zhenghua LIAN Randy A. DAHLGREN Philip C. BROOKES Jianming XU 《土壤圈》2021,31(5):659-669
Systematic studies on the genesis, properties, and distribution of natural nanoparticles(NNPs) in soil remain scarce. This study examined a soil chronosequence of continuous paddy field land use for periods ranging from 0 to 1 000 years to determine how NNPs in soil changed at the early stages of soil genesis in eastern China. Soil samples were collected from coastal reclaimed paddy fields that were cultivated for 0, 50, 100, 300, 700, and 1 000 years.Natural nanoparticles were isolated and characterized along with bulk soil samples( 2-mm fraction) for selected physical and chemical properties. The NNP content increased with increasing soil cultivation age at 60 g m-2 year-1, which was related to decreasing soil electrical conductivity(172–1 297 μS cm-1) and NNP zeta potentials(from-22 to-36 m V) with increasing soil cultivation age. Changes in several NNP properties, such as pedogenic iron oxide and total organic carbon contents, were consistent with those of the bulk soils across the soil chronosequence. Notably, changes in NNP iron oxide content were obvious and illustrated active chemical weathering, pedogenesis, and potential impacts on the microbial community. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that the soil cultivation age was the most important factor affecting NNP properties, contributing 60.7% of the total variation. Cluster and principal component analysis(PCA) revealed splitting of NNP samples into age groups of 50–300 and 700–1 000 years, indicating rapid evolution of NNP properties, after an initial period of desalinization(approximately 50 years). Overall, this study provides new insights into NNP evolution in soil during pedogenesis and predicting their influences on agriculture and ecological risks over millennial-scale rice cultivation. 相似文献
4.
LI De-Cheng B. VELDE LI Feng-Min ZHANG Gan-Lin ZHAO Ming-Song HUANG Lai-Ming 《土壤圈》2011,21(4):522-531
Alfalfa cropping has been considered an efficient method of increasing soil fertility.Usually nitrogen increase in root nodules is considered to be the major beneficial effect.A 21-year time series (five sampling periods) of alfalfa cultivation plots on a loess soil,initially containing illite and chlorite,in Lanzhou of northwestern China was selected to investigate the relationships among alfalfa cropping,soil potassium (K) content and soil clay minerals.The results indicated that soil K significantly accumulated after cropping,with a peak value at about 15 years,and decreased afterwards.The accumulated K was associated with the K increase in the well-crystallized illite,which was not extracted by the traditional laboratory K extraction methods in assessing bioavailability.The steep decline in soil K content after 15-year cropping was in accord with the observed fertility loss in the alfalfa soil.Plant biomass productivity peaked at near 9 years of culture,whereas soil K and clay minerals continued to increase until cropping for 15 years.This suggested that K increased in the topsoil came from the deep root zone.Thus alfalfa continued to store K in clays even after peak production occurred.Nitrogen did not follow these trends,showing a general decline compared with the native prairie soils that had not been cropped.Therefore,the traditional alfalfa cropping can increase K content in the topsoil. 相似文献
5.
不同橡胶生长期土壤中的微生物生物量碳和有机碳 总被引：16，自引：6，他引：16
Soil samples were collected from different rubber fields in twenty-five plots selected randomly in the Experimental Farm of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences located in Hainan, China, to analyse the ecological effect of rubber cultivation. The results showed that in the tropical rubber farm, soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and total organic C (TOC) were relatively low in the content but highly correlated with each other. After rubber tapping, soil MBC of mature rubber fields decreased significantly, by 55.5%, compared with immature rubber fields. Soil TOC also decreased but the difference was not significant. Ratios of MBC to TOC decreased significantly. The decreasing trend of MBC stopped at about ten years of rubber cultivation. After this period, soil MBC increased relatively while soil TOC still kept in decreasing. Soil MBC changes could be measured to predict the tendency of soil organic matter changes due to management practices in a tropical rubber farm several years before the changes in soil TOC become detectable. 相似文献
6.
中国长江三角洲地区一新石器时代水稻土细菌群落 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An ancient irrigated paddy soil from the Neolithic age was excavated at Chuodunshan Site in the Yangtze River Delta, close to Suzhou, China. The soil organic matter (SOM) content in the prehistoric rice soil is comparable to the average SOM content of present rice soils in this region, but it is about 5 times higher than that in the parent materials. As possible biomarkers to indicate the presence of the prehistoric paddy soil, the bacterial communities were investigated using the techniques of aerobic and anaerobic oligotrophic bacteria enumeration, Biolog analysis, and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The results showed that in the buried soil layers, the prehistoric paddy soil had the largest number of aerobic and anaerobic oligotrophic bacteria, up to 6.12 and 5.86 log cfu g-1 dry soil, respectively. The prehistoric paddy soil displayed better carbon utilization potential and higher functional diversity compared to the parent materials and a prehistoric loess layer. The Shannon index and richness based on DGGE profiles of bacterial 16S rRNA genes were higher in prehistoric paddy soil than those in the prehistoric loess soil. It might be concluded that the prehistoric irrigated rice cultivation accumulated the SOM in plowed soil layer, and thus increased soil bacterial populations, metabolic activity, functional diversity and genetic diversity. Bacterial communities might be considered as the sensitive indicators of the presence of the prehistoric paddy soil in China’s Yangtze River Delta. 相似文献
7.
长江三角洲绰墩遗址古水稻土孢粉和植硅体分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
LI Chun-Hai ZHANG Gang-Y YANG Lin-Zhang LIN Xian-Gui HU Zheng-Yi DONG Yuan-Hu CAO Zhi-Hong ZHENG Yun-Fei DING Jin-Long 《土壤圈》2007,17(2):209-218
A number of paddy fields pertaining to the Majiabang Cultures （5500-3800 years BC） were discovered during the archaeological excavations that were carried out since 1998 at the Chuodun site in the Yangtze River Delta. The pollen and phytolith analyses of two soil profiles from the northeastern part of this site were carried out to trace the agricultural practices of the Neolithic period. The phytolith results showed that rice domestication in the Yangtze River Delta could be traced back to as early as the Majiabang Culture. The pollen assemblage also revealed low levels of aquatic species, similar to that in modern paddy fields. This finding suggested that humans might have removed weeds for rice cultivation during the Neolithic period. Thus, pollen analysis in association with phytolith analysis was a promising method for identifying ancient paddy fields. 相似文献
8.
A filed experiment with an early rice-late rice rotation was carried out on a paddy soil derived from red soil in the southern part of Zhejing Province to elucidate the effect of excess P application on some important characteristics of soil properies and its relation to nutrient status and grain yields of rice crops.The experimental results indicated that adequate fertilizer P(15 kg P hm^-2)could increase the content of soil available P at the tillering stage of early rice,the contents of N,P and K in the shoots of early rice at primary growth stages,and the grain yield of early rice by increasing valid ears per hectare and weight per thousand grains,which,was mainly related to the higher contents of reduced,non-reduced and total sugar in the shoot at the heading stage, And early rice supplied with excessive P could not yield more than that applied with adequate, P de to the reduction in the valid grain percentage and weight per thousead grains. In addition,one-time excess P supply at a rate as high as 90 kg P hm^-2 could not improve the soil P fertility in case the soil available P content was lower than the initial(3.74mg kg^-1 soil) after an early rice-late rice rotaion,and made a decline in the grain yield increased by per kilogram fertilzer P.Thus,one-time excess P supply should not be adopted for soils with a large P fixation capacity like the paddy soils derived from red soils. 相似文献
9.
中国湖南省主要水稻土类型的氨固定 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
The contents, affecting factors, seasonal changes and availability of fixed ammonium in major types ofpaddy soils derived from different parent materials in Hunan Province, China, were studied using the Silva-Bremner method by laboratory and pot experiments. Results showed that the content of fixed ammoniumin the plough horizons ranged from 88.3 mg kg-1 to 388.1 mg kg-1, with 273.2 ± 77.7 mg kg-1 on average,accounting for 11.2% of total soil N on average. Content of fixed ammonium decreased in the order of newlylacustrine clayey paddy soil ＞ alluvial sandy paddy soil ＞ purple clayey paddy soil ＞ newly alluvial sandypaddy soil ＞ yellow clayey paddy soil ＞ reddish-yellow clayey paddy soil ＞ granitic sandy paddy soil. Therewere four distribution patterns of fixed ammonium in the profiles to 1-m depth, i.e., increase with the depth,decrease with increasing depth, no distinct change with the depth, and abrupt increase or decrease in somehorizon. Percentage of fixed ammonium in total N increased with the depth in most of the soils. Fixationof NH4+ by soil was higher at 30 ℃ than at 20 ℃ and 40 ℃, and continuous submergence benefited thefixation of NH4+ in newly alluvial sandy paddy soil, purple clayey paddy soil and alluvial sandy paddy soil,while alternating wetting and drying contributed to the fixation of NH4+ in yellow clayey paddy soil mostly.Fixed ammonium content in the test paddy soils was significantly correlated with ＜ 0.01 mm clay content(P ＜ 0.05), but not with ＜ 0.001 mm clay content, total N, organic N and organic matter. Fixed ammoniumcontent varied with rice growth stages. Application of N fertilizer promoted fixation of NH4+ by soil, and Nuptake by rice plant promoted release of fixed ammonium from the soil. Recently fixed ammonium in paddysoil after N fertilizer application was nearly 100% available to rice plant, while native fixed ammonium wasonly partly available, varying with the soil type and rice type. 相似文献
10.
Vegetable production in South East Asia often is in rotation with flooded rice. The puddling of the soil with flooded rice production may result in unfavourable soil conditions for the subsequent production of dry land crops. To establish whether permanent vegetable production results in favourable soil conditions for vegetables, the effects of five different permanent vegetable production systems and a system of vegetable production in rotation with flooded rice on soil properties after flooded rice were studied in a 2-year field experiment. Bulk density at 0.05–0.10 m depth layer decreased with permanent vegetable production and vegetable production in rotation with flooded rice. The decrease in bulk density was influenced by the application of organic manure and rice husks, and especially by the number of crops cultivated, suggesting that frequency of soil tillage had a major effect on bulk density. Ploughing with buffalo traction after flooded rice, in combination with construction of raised beds, could reduce or totally eliminate negative effects of puddling on soil structure. Bulk density at 0.15–0.20 m soil depth was not influenced. Soil acidity decreased significantly in all systems. Soil organic carbon increased in all systems, but significant increase was only found in two permanent vegetable production systems. Available phosphorus(P) significantly increased in two permanent vegetable production systems, with a positively correlation to the amount of P applied. The significant decrease in bulk density and increase in p H(H2O), after only 2 years, showed that soil conditions after flooded rice could be improved in a short time under intensive vegetable production. 相似文献
11.
红壤水稻土肥力性状的演变特征 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
大田条件下 ,通过选点采样分析 ,研究了不同利用年限红壤水稻土的物理、化学和生物学性质的动态变化特征。荒地红壤水耕利用后 ,土壤颗粒组成呈现规律性变化 ,粘粒 (<0 0 0 2mm)含量从荒地红壤的 3 9%下降到 80a稻田土壤的 1 7% ,而粉砂 (0 0 2～ 0 0 0 2mm)含量升高。土壤pH一般增加 0 5～ 1个单位 ;0～ 1 0cm土壤有机碳和全氮含量从荒地红壤的 4 5 8gkg- 1和 0 3 9gkg- 1增加到 3 0a红壤稻田的1 9 6gkg- 1和 1 62gkg- 1,其后 ,即使利用时间长达 80a ,土壤有机碳和全氮含量并没有显著差异 ;土壤全磷含量 ,经 3a水耕利用后可从荒地红壤的 0 5gkg- 1提高到 1 3gkg- 1,表明通过施肥可使红壤磷素快速积累 ;而在水耕利用过程中 ,红壤稻田土壤的钾素含量呈下降趋势 ,经 80a利用的红壤稻田 ,0～ 1 0cm土壤钾素含量仅为荒地红壤的 80 % ;全铁和游离铁的含量也呈下降趋势。随着水耕熟化过程 ,细菌数量和脲酶活性也明显升高。不同利用年限红壤稻田土壤的各项性状指标的变化结果还表明 ,荒地红壤水耕利用后要达到高度熟化的稻田土壤肥力水平 ,需要经过 3 0a的时间 相似文献
12.
红壤稻田土壤有机质的积累过程特征分析 总被引：38，自引：6，他引：38
通过田间采样分析 ,研究了不同利用年限红壤稻田土壤有机质含量的变化及其过程和机理 ,确定达到平衡状态时红壤稻田土壤的有机碳含量水平。结果表明 ,在水耕条件下 ,土壤有机碳和全氮的积累过程可大致分为快速增长和趋于稳定阶段 ,水耕利用 30年 ,0～ 2 0cm土壤有机碳含量达到 2 0gkg- 1,全氮含量 1 6gkg- 1,随后 ,即使利用年限长达 80年 ,土壤有机碳和全氮含量变化趋于稳定 ,没有显著提高。 2 0天的培养期内 ,不同利用年限红壤稻田 0～ 1 0cm土层有机碳和有机氮的矿化率分别为 2 2 %～3 3%和 2 8%～ 6 7% ;总体来说 ,有机碳、氮的矿化率随红壤水稻土的熟化过程而升高。随着利用年限的增加 ,微生物生物量碳一直保持增加的趋势 ,而微生物生物量氮在利用 30年后其增加趋势明显趋缓 ;利用30年的红壤稻田 ,0～ 1 0cm土壤微生物生物量C、N为 332 8mgkg- 1和 2 3 85mgkg- 1,比利用 3年分别高1 1 1 %和 4 7%。与利用 3年的红壤稻田相比 ,利用 30年后细菌数量增加了 1 1倍 ( 0～ 1 0cm)和 3 8倍 ( 1 0～2 0cm) ,利用 80年后更显著地增加了 1 9倍 ( 0～ 1 0cm)和 1 2倍 ( 1 0～ 2 0cm) ;真菌的数量也呈上升的趋势 ,但在 30年利用后基本趋于稳定 ;此外 ,细菌的群落从荒草地的 4个种到 30～ 80年水田 相似文献
13.
丘陵红壤耕作利用过程中土壤肥力的演变和预测 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
通过区域尺度上两个时段的定位采样 ,结合田块尺度上的长期试验 ,研究了耕作利用变化对我国中亚热带低丘红壤区土壤肥力演变的影响。分析了土壤肥力演变的驱动力 ,建立了土壤养分变化与养分平衡间的相关预测模型。对比分析表明 ,丘陵红壤肥力的变化与养分平衡量的变化趋势一致。在保持荒地和水田利用方式时 ,土壤有机质含量显著降低 ;旱地系统中速效磷和速效钾含量增加 ,但在不施肥的针阔混交林中却下降 ;荒地开垦为水田后 ,土壤肥力有增加趋势。旱坡地红壤全氮和速效钾的变化量与氮、钾的平衡量的显著相关 ,而土壤速效磷与磷的平衡量间相关不显著 ,其原因是没有考虑磷的固定和矿化。 相似文献
14.
旱地红壤线虫群落对不同耕作年限的响应及指示意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
我国热带和亚热带地区的红壤农田肥力水平低,严重制约着农业生产力的提升。不同农业管理措施会对土壤理化性质和生物群落产生不同的影响。本文研究了不同耕作年限条件下的旱地土壤,选取耕作10 a、20 a、50 a的花生地和菜地,并以未开垦的原始荒地作为对照。结果显示,与荒地相比,各年限花生地的土壤肥力等指标表现出下降的趋势,菜地土壤的各项性质则呈现提升的趋势。耕作20 a的花生地土壤有机碳、全氮、微生物生物量碳、有效磷等指标均最低,同时耕作50 a的菜地各项性质相对于10 a有显著的提升(p0.05)。花生地中植食性线虫比例伴随耕作年限延长而下降,而菜地中食细菌线虫比例伴随耕作年限延长而逐渐上升。从线虫生态指标数据显示,花生地相对于频繁施肥和耕作的菜地表现出更为稳定的土壤食物网。因此,线虫群落对不同耕作年限下旱地红壤生态系统的变化表现出一定的指示潜力。 相似文献
15.
不同利用方式和开垦年限下红壤水稳性团聚体及养分变化研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
本文就不同开垦年限下旱地、水田、菜园和荒地土壤水稳性团聚体、有机C和各养分的变化规律及其相互关系进行了研究.结果表明,荒地开垦为旱地、水田和菜园后,>5 mm的水稳性团聚体含量迅速下降,但随着利用年限的延长,>0.25 mm的水稳性团聚体总量呈增加趋势.旱地和菜园土壤有机C的积累速度高于全N,而水田土壤中全N和有机C含量同时迅速上升.土壤全P含量随开垦年限增加快速升高,但土壤K素淋失严重,随着熟化程度的提高而降低.红壤各粒级水稳性团聚体含量与有机C和全N含量之间均达到了显著相关关系,而与全P和全K间相关性不显著.可见,土壤团聚体稳定性程度保持在何种水平,主要取决于农田有机C库及N的平衡状况. 相似文献
16.
研究了渭-库三角洲绿洲连作5、10、15、20、25 a的棉田土壤颗粒组成、p H、盐分、有机质等理化特征。结果表明:(1)连作15 a土壤黏粒含量最高,连作20 a最低;连作15 a粉粒含量最高,连作25 a最低;连作25 a砂粒含量最高,连作15 a最低。(2)连作10 a土壤盐分含量最高为8.07 g kg-1,连作15 a最低为5.68 g kg-1;随连作年限的增加,土壤趋向硫酸盐型盐渍化发展;土壤p H值波动不大,土壤呈微碱性或碱性。(3)连作15 a土壤有机质含量最高为12.65 g kg-1,连作5 a最低为8.46 g kg-1;全氮连作5~15 a略有增加,连作15~25 a有所减小;全磷连作20 a最低为0.82 g kg-1,连作10 a最高为1.12 g kg-1;全钾连作5~10 a明显增加,连作15~20 a明显减小,连作20 a之后又增加。(4)土壤粒度、盐分、有机质、全氮的变化基本表现为棉田连作15 a较明显,因此,在研究区棉田最适宜的连作年限为15 a,棉田连作15 a后,会导致土壤砂粒含量增多、含盐量增加、硫酸盐类盐渍化增强、p H值提高、有机质含量降低,使得养分含量失衡、肥力下降,从而影响到棉花产出和效益。 相似文献
17.
东北典型县域稻田土壤肥力评价及其空间变异 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
18.
滨海沉积物发育的水稻土时间序列母质均一性判定与特性演变 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
时间序列方法是研究土壤发生特性演变的重要途径,而比较土壤变化的重要前提之一是序列中的土壤具有相同的起源,即具有母质的相对均一性。本研究根据史料记载中浙江慈溪海塘修筑年代估计出水稻土的耕作年龄,选择了植稻年龄约为50、300、500、700、1000a以及一个未垦滩涂剖面组成的一个时间序列作为研究对象。利用各种土壤属性参数对该时间序列的母质不连续性(或母质均一性)以及水稻土相对年龄进行了判定和验证。结果表明,时间序列的6个剖面虽然具有微小的差异,但其剖面内与剖面间母质来源相同。在水稻土母质不连续性判定中,去除黏粒的粉粒与粉粒中稳定元素Ti/Zr比值具有较好的指示作用。相对易变的土壤属性参数如碳酸钙、磁化率以及游离铁的剖面分异程度在水稻土相对年龄的判定中具有较好的指示作用。综合这些参数在时间序列中的演化趋势,发现500a剖面与整个序列的变化趋势不相符合,可能是利用历史的差异所致,在相关的性质演变研究中应该从序列中剔除。 相似文献