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Radiation therapy has been used to treat animal cancers for more than 100 years. Clinical experiences and experimental results have been widely published and provide a basis for the recognition of radiation therapy as an integral component of multimodal cancer management in veterinary oncology. As the expectations of pet owners and the demand for treatment of companion animals with cancer have increased, veterinary oncology itself has undergone dramatic advances in the past several decades both in terms of improved diagnostics and treatments, including increased accessibility of radiation therapy. Synchronous with development of the specialism of veterinary radiation oncology, confusion and controversy have arisen with regard to distinguishing between different types of radiotherapy and methods of treatment delivery. Importantly, the confusion extends beyond semantics, and includes opinionated debate about defining which forms of therapy (if any at all) are optimal for a given patient. This exemplifies how, despite marks of maturity including age and a robust publication history, the field of veterinary radiation oncology is in some ways still in its infancy. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence base for daily (fine) fractionation versus weekly (coarse) hypofractionation in veterinary oncology, using selected tumour types as examples. 相似文献
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Koichi Nagata 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2019,60(3):351-357
The journal Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound is a veterinary specialty journal devoted to the fields of veterinary diagnostic imaging and radiation oncology. The purpose of this retrospective, observational study is to evaluate progressive trends in radiation oncology articles published in Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound during the 40‐year period (1976‐2015) and describe a shift of trends through several viewpoints. This 40‐year period was divided into four subperiods: Period 1 (1976‐1985), Period 2 (1986‐1995), Period 3 (1996‐2005), and Period 4 (2006‐2015). These articles were divided into six categories based on the nature of the study: 1) studies related to teletherapy with endpoints being patient outcome, 2) radiation therapy dosimetry/planning, 3) patient setup, 4) reviews, 5) case reports, and 6) others. The number of radiation oncology articles in Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound has increased over the 40‐year period. The number of authors per article has increased between Periods 1 and 3. The number of articles related to linear accelerator has increased between Periods 3 and 4. The median number of treated patients per clinical article related to teletherapy ranged from 15 to 21, which has not changed significantly over the 40‐year period. The most commonly used radiation therapy protocols during Periods 2 and 3 were fine‐fractionated protocols (defined as 10 or more fractions), whereas coarse‐fractionated protocols were more common during Periods 1 and 4. Findings from this study highlight the notable changes of trends in veterinary radiation oncology articles published in Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, which clearly reflect changes in the field of veterinary radiation oncology during the past 40 years. 相似文献
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E. Abma S. Daminet P. Smets Y. Ni H. de Rooster 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2017,15(1):184-193
For many years, research on anticancer therapy has focussed almost exclusively on targeting cancer cells directly, to selectively kill them or restrict their growth. But limited advances in this strategy have led researchers to shift their attention to other potential targets. Active research is now on‐going on targeting tumour stroma. Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) appear a promising class of anticancer drugs that are currently under investigation as a sole or combined therapy in human cancer patients. This article will briefly touch on the history and biology of combretastatin A4‐phosphate (CA4P) as a typical example of VDAs and will concentrate on the side effects that can be expected when used in veterinary patients. Particularly, the pathogenesis of these side effects and how they may be prevented and/or treated will be discussed. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the potentials of CA4P as anticancer therapy in veterinary oncology patients. 相似文献
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Extract Madam:– Page 15 of the new Guide to Professional Conduct under practice categories lists the categories which may be used: Domestic pet (or companion animal) veterinary services. Equine (or horse) veterinary services. Farm (or production animal) veterinary services. General veterinary services, which are ”standardised to avoid any confusion or misleading of the public“. 相似文献
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T. B. Gaspar J. Henriques L. Marconato F. L. Queiroga 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2018,16(1):2-11
The era of chemotherapy, which started in the middle of the last century, has been ruled by the routine use of dose‐intense protocols, based on the “maximum‐tolerated dose” concept. By promoting a balance between patient's quality of life and the goal of rapidly killing as many tumour cells as possible, these protocols still play a prominent role in veterinary oncology. However, with the opening of a new millennium, metronomic chemotherapy (MC) started to be considered a possible alternative to traditional dose‐intense chemotherapy. Characterized by a long‐term daily administration of lower doses of cytotoxic drugs, this new modality stands out for its unique combination of effects, namely on neovascularization, immune response and tumour dormancy. This article reviews the rationale for treatment with MC, its mechanism of action and the main studies conducted in veterinary medicine, and discusses the key challenges yet to be solved. 相似文献
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A.G. Bell 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(11)
Extract Sir:- The paper Canine parvovirus in New Zealand: epidemiological features and diagnostic methods by G.W. Horner [N.Z. vet. J. 31 (1983): 164-4] suggests “it is probable that many veterinary clinics were heavily contaminated with CPV” quoting an Australian reference in support of his contention. 相似文献
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M. J. Day C. Crawford M. Marcondes R. A. Squires 《The Journal of small animal practice》2020,61(6):E1-E35
The World Small Animal Veterinary Association Vaccination Guidelines Group has produced global guidelines for small companion animal practitioners on best practice in canine and feline vaccination. Recognising that there are unique aspects of veterinary practice in certain geographical regions of the world, the Vaccination Guidelines Group undertook a regional project in Latin America between 2016 and 2019, culminating in the present document. The Vaccination Guidelines Group gathered scientific and demographic data during visits to Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, by discussion with national key opinion leaders, visiting veterinary practices and review of the scientific literature. A questionnaire survey was completed by 1390 veterinarians in five Latin American countries and the Vaccination Guidelines Group delivered continuing education at seven events attended by over 3500 veterinarians. The Vaccination Guidelines Group recognised numerous challenges in Latin America, for example: (1) lack of national oversight of the veterinary profession, (2) extraordinary growth in private veterinary schools of undetermined quality, (3) socioeconomic constraints on client engagement with preventive health care, (4) high regional prevalence of some key infectious diseases (e.g. feline leukaemia virus infection, canine visceral leishmaniosis), (5) almost complete lack of minimal antigen vaccine products as available in other markets, (6) relative lack of vaccine products with extended duration of immunity as available in other markets, (7) availability of vaccine products withdrawn from other markets (e.g. Giardia vaccine) or unique to Latin America (e.g. some Leishmania vaccines), (8) accessibility of vaccines directly by pet owners or breeders such that vaccination is not delivered under veterinary supervision, (9) limited availability of continuing education in veterinary vaccinology and lack of compulsion for continuing professional development and (10) limited peer-reviewed published scientific data on small companion animal infectious diseases (with the exception of leishmaniosis) and lack of support for such academic research. In this document, the Vaccination Guidelines Group summarises the findings of this project and assesses in evidence-based fashion the scientific literature pertaining to companion animal vaccine-preventable diseases in Latin America. The Vaccination Guidelines Group makes some recommendations on undergraduate and postgraduate education and academic research. Recognising that current product availability in Latin America does not permit veterinarians in these countries to vaccinate according to the global World Small Animal Veterinary Association guidelines, the Vaccination Guidelines Group makes a series of “pragmatic” recommendations as to what might be currently achievable, and a series of “aspirational” recommendations as to what might be desirable for the future. The concept of “vaccine husbandry” is addressed via some simple guidelines for the management of vaccine products in the practice. Finally, the Vaccination Guidelines Group emphasises the global trend towards delivery of vaccination as one part of an “annual health check” or “health care plan” that reviews holistically the preventive health care needs of the individual pet animal. Latin American practitioners should transition towards these important new practices that are now well embedded in more developed veterinary markets. The document also includes 70 frequently asked questions and their answers; these were posed to the Vaccination Guidelines Group during our continuing education events and small group discussions and should address many of the issues surrounding delivery of vaccination in the Latin American countries. Spanish and Portuguese translations of this document will be made freely available from the on-line resource pages of the Vaccination Guidelines Group. 相似文献
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《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2022,49(1):7-17
ObjectiveThere is little information in the veterinary literature about the perioperative management of small animal patients with previously implanted pacemakers undergoing elective or emergency non-cardiac procedures. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature with regard to human patients, with previously implanted pacemakers, undergoing general anaesthesia. Using this and the current information on pacemakers and anaesthesia in dogs and cats, we provide recommendations for small animal patients in this situation.Databases usedGoogle Scholar, PubMed and CAB Abstracts using and interlinking and narrowing the search terms: “dog”, “cat”, “small animals”, “anaesthesia”, “pacemaker”, “perioperative”, “transvenous pacing”, “temporary pacing”. Scientific reports and human and small animal studies from the reference lists of the retrieved papers were reviewed. In addition, related human and veterinary cardiology and anaesthesia textbooks were also included to create a narrative review of the subject.ConclusionsThe best perioperative care for these animals comes from a multidisciplinary approach involving the anaesthetist, cardiologist, surgeon and intensive care unit team. When such an approach is not feasible, the anaesthetist should be familiar with pacemaker technology and how to avoid perioperative complications such as electromagnetic interference, lead damage and reprogramming of the device. The preanaesthetic assessment should be thorough. Information regarding the indication for pacemaker placement, complications during the procedure, location, type and programming of the pacemaker should be readily available. The anaesthetic management of these veterinary patients aims to preserve cardiovascular function while avoiding hypotension, and backup pacing should be available during the perioperative period. Further prospective studies are needed to describe the best perioperative care in small animals with a previously implanted pacemaker. 相似文献
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The current status of avian aspergillosis diagnoses: Veterinary practice to novel research avenues 
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下载免费PDF全文 Masha G. Savelieff Lucia Pappalardo Panagiotis Azmanis 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2018,47(3):342-362
Aspergillus fungal infections continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in birds that can, in part, be attributed to the lack of a diagnostic “gold standard” for Aspergillus infection, and which delays the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of avian patients. At present, none of the available methods in veterinary care can detect aspergillosis early enough and with the accuracy, precision, and specificity required of an ideal diagnostic tool. Therefore, researching methods of Aspergillus detection is still an active area of inquiry, and novel techniques continue to emerge. This review will provide a brief overview of current clinical methods, with an emphasis on avian care, in addition to a series of techniques in development that could offer distinct advantages over existing methods. 相似文献
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Carlo Masserdotti 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(3):321-325
Abstract: Northern Italy is a habitat for many species of viper; Vipera aspis is responsible for most reported bites of humans and animals. Five dogs of different breeds and ages were presented by their owners to a veterinary clinic in northern Italy between September 2004 and August 2007 with a history of being bitten by a viper within the past 2 hours. On physical examination, all of the dogs were depressed, had pale mucous membranes, and had a painful area consistent with a recent viper bite wound on the nose (2), distal front leg (2), or lip (1). Hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria were observed in plasma and urine from all dogs. CBCs were done at the time of presentation, daily for 4 days, and 10 days after presentation in all dogs with the exception of one dog that died after 2 days. All dogs had an acute decrease in HCT within 24 hours of presentation; all dogs had neutrophilia, 3/5 had a mildly toxic left shift, and 4/5 had thrombocytopenia. On Diff‐Quik‐stained blood smears, moderate numbers of echinocytes, spherocytes, and erythrocyte ghosts were observed. In addition, moderate numbers of unusual erythrocyte membrane‐like structures (“erythroid loops”) were observed. The loops were annular in shape and sometimes disrupted, appearing as thin pale blue bands. Erythrocyte morphologic abnormalities decreased by day 3 and were no longer observed on day 10. The unique appearance of the erythroid loops together with evidence for intravascular hemolysis and other erythrocyte morphologic changes suggest they may be a consequence of erythrocyte lysis. Echinocytes, spherocytes, and erythrocyte ghosts are known to result from the action of phospholipase in viper venom; however, erythroid loops have not been reported previously and their exact mechanism of formation is unknown. 相似文献
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During the past decade, the vascular biology of cancer has become a highly interesting research field. To assess tumour vascularity and perfusion, various strategies such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography have been investigated. Over the last years, important advances have taken place in the Doppler technology which dramatically improved its ability to evaluate the vascular system, even small and deep vessels. Doppler sonography provides a non‐invasive means to assess the extent and morphology of tumour vascularity. This information is clinically important regarding diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment, particularly in connection with the development of novel angiogenesis inhibitors. This article describes the different Doppler technologies most commonly used in human and experimental animal oncology. Based on in vivo tumour models and extensive clinical experience in humans, their significance and potential clinical applications are illustrated. First clinical reports in veterinary medicine are also reviewed. 相似文献
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The computed tomographic “tree‐in‐bud” pattern: Characterization and comparison with radiographic and clinical findings in 36 cats 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Harriet Hahn Swan Specchi Isabelle Masseau Carol Reinero Ghita Benchekroun Jaime Rechy Gabriela Seiler Pascaline Pey 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2018,59(1):32-42
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Discrimination of “grazing milk” using milk fatty acid profile in the grassland dairy area in Hokkaido 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Tomohiro Mitani Kuniyuki Kobayashi Koichiro Ueda Seiji Kondo 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(2):233-241
Milk produced by the grazing system, referred to as “grazing milk” contains many components required for human health. The milk fatty acid (FA) profile is strongly associated with the diet on the farms. In the present study, based on the FA profile of farmer's bulk milk, we determined how to discriminate between milk produced on grazing and on a confinement system. A field survey was conducted four times (grazing and confinement season) in the Konsen (29 farms) and Okhotsk (25 farms) area in Hokkaido. Farmer's bulk milk samples and details of feeding management were collected and the FA profile of milk was measured. Milk produced during the grazing season contained less C16:0 and cis‐9 C16:0, and more C18:0, cis‐9 C18:1, trans‐11 C18:1, cis‐9,12 C18:2, cis‐9,trans‐11 C18:2 and cis‐9,12,15 C18:3 than milk produced during the confinement season. Discrimination analysis using 16 FA revealed that almost all milk samples were discriminated correctly (confinement season: 90% correct and 10% borderline, grazing season: 88% correct, 9% borderline and 3% incorrect). For farmers that were categorized incorrectly and were considered borderline in the grazing season, the dependency on pasture was low compared with that for farmers correctly discriminated. Therefore, to claim “grazing milk”, a high dependency on pasture is required for grazing dairy farmers. 相似文献
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E. Norberg I. R. Korsgaard K. H. M. N. Sloth P. L⊘vendahl 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(4):165-169
Abstract In-line detection of mastitis using frequent milk sampling was studied in 241 cows in a Danish research herd. Somatic cell scores obtained at a daily basis were analyzed using a mixture of four time-series models. Probabilities were assigned to each model for the observations to belong to a normal “steady-state” development, change in “level”, change of “slope” or “outlier”. Mastitis was indicated from the sum of probabilities for the “level” and “slope” models. Time-series models were based on the Kalman filter. Reference data was obtained from veterinary assessment of health status combined with bacteriological findings. At a sensitivity of 90% the corresponding specificity was 68%, which increased to 83% using a one-step back smoothing. It is concluded that mixture models based on Kalman filters are efficient in handling in-line sensor data for detection of mastitis and may be useful for similar applications to decision support systems. 相似文献
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Allison E. James James R. McCall Kristen R. Petersen Ron D. Wohrle Hanna N. Oltean 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(1):25-34
Coccidioides immitis is an emerging fungal pathogen in Washington State (WA). While the geographical boundaries of C. immitis in WA have not been well characterized, human infections have resulted from exposure in the south‐central region of the state. Since 2010, only one dog has been identified as a probable locally acquired animal case, despite pilot canine serological surveys from south‐central WA revealing a 9.8% seroprevalence. On the suspicion that clinical animal cases may be underdiagnosed and/or underreported, we assessed WA veterinarians’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding coccidioidomycosis. All veterinarians with active licenses in WA were invited to complete a self‐administered, web‐based survey from November 2018 to January 2019. Four hundred and twenty‐five of 2,211 (19.2%) veterinarians returned the survey and were eligible for inclusion in the final analysis. Nearly, all respondents (98.8%) had heard of coccidioidomycosis, but only 31.5% and 25.6% knew that locally acquired animal and human cases, respectively, had been reported in WA. Only half (52.6%) of participants knew that the disease was reportable. Fewer than 20% of respondents reported confidence that their knowledge of coccidioidomycosis was up to date, and 76.9% “never” or “rarely” considered the risk of disease in their patients. A statistically significant predictor of a high knowledge score (≥70%), however, included practicing in endemic counties where the Washington State Department of Health had previously delivered outreach and education services. While the results suggest some success with these activities, it is clear that information on the emergence of coccidioidomycosis is not adequately reaching veterinary practitioners in WA. The data support that more frequent CE opportunities, and dissemination of public health communications through veterinary‐specific modalities, would help fill the knowledge gap. In turn, improved diagnosis and reporting of animal cases would assist in our overall understanding the epidemiology of coccidioidomycosis in WA. 相似文献
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Determination of platinum surface contamination in veterinary and human oncology centres using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 T. Janssens E. E. M. Brouwers J. P. de Vos N. de Vries J. H. M. Schellens J. H. Beijnen 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2015,13(3):305-313
The objective of this study was to determine the surface contamination with platinum‐containing antineoplastic drugs in veterinary and human oncology centres. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure platinum levels in surface samples. In veterinary and human oncology centres, 46.3 and 68.9% of the sampled surfaces demonstrated platinum contamination, respectively. Highest platinum levels were found in the preparation rooms (44.6 pg cm?2) in veterinary centres, while maximal levels in human centres were found in oncology patient‐only toilets (725 pg cm?2). Transference of platinum by workers outside areas where antineoplastic drugs were handled was observed in veterinary and human oncology centres. In conclusion, only low levels of platinum contamination attributable to carboplatin were found in the sampled veterinary oncology centres. However, dispersion of platinum outside areas where antineoplastic drugs were handled was detected in veterinary and human oncology centres. Consequently, not only personnel, but also others may be exposed to platinum. 相似文献