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甘南牦牛枯草期补饲饲养模式研究示范 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国牛业科学》2015,(5)
[目的]为了研究甘南牦牛枯草期的补饲饲养模式。[方法]本研究在枯草期对不同年龄段和不同组群的牦牛开展了不同方式的补饲试验。[结果]结果表明,通过补饲减少掉膘损失398元/头,保活盈利380元/头,提高繁殖成活率增收247.5元/头;补饲育肥增收520元/头,舍饲育肥牦牛增收610元/头,犏牛增收874.5元/头。[结论]因此,牦牛枯草期可通过补饲减少掉膘,提高繁殖率和成活率,通过错峰育肥出栏缩短养殖周期,增加养殖者的经济效益。 相似文献
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试验对用娟姗牛冻精杂交甘南牦牛所产的杂交一代娟犏牛公牛进行了育肥,分析其育肥效果和经济效益,为娟犏牛的生产提供基础性资料。将甘肃省夏河县牧区阿纳扎西等牦牛养殖专业合作社自然放牧的6月龄、18月龄和30月龄的38头娟犏牛,出售到本县的半农半牧区暖棚舍饲育肥90 d。结果表明:6月龄组娟犏牛净增重58.63 kg,平均日增重651.44 g,盈利521.12元/头,投入产出比1∶1.59;18月龄组净增重69.45 kg,平均日增重771.67 g,盈利603.80元/头,投入产出比1∶1.57;30月龄组净增重73.70 kg,平均日增重818.89 g,盈利705.80元/头,投入产出比1∶1.66。经显著性检验,娟犏公牛各年龄组之间育肥末期平均净增重和日增重均差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明采用异地暖棚舍饲育肥,反季节出栏,可取得明显的效果,且6月龄、18月龄、30月龄的育肥效果基本相同。因此,建议将当年产的6月龄娟犏牛公牛经过冬季舍饲暖棚育肥后当年反季节出栏,以减轻草场压力和增加牧民收入。 相似文献
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[目的]为了延长牦牛鲜肉供给时间,增加农牧民的养殖效益,进行牦牛错峰育肥出栏试验。[方法]选取秋季没有达到出栏体重的牦牛73头分为两个试验组,分别补饲1.5kg粉料和1kg颗粒饲料,进行60d放牧+补饲育肥试验。[结果]试验一组平均增重16.04kg,比对照一组增重32.04kg(P0.01);试验二组平均增重6.84kg,比对照两组增重16.59kg(P0.01)。在牦牛肉市场价不变的情况下,试验一组相对增收417.1元/头,试验二组相对增收179.38元/头。[结论]通过肥育试验得出,在牛肉价格不变的情况下,甘南牦牛应在掉膘前(10月下旬)出栏,若推迟出栏,需进行适当补饲。 相似文献
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选择 40头成年阉牦牛 ,( 2 0头为试验组、2 0头为对照组 ) ,进行围栏草地上短期放牧育肥试验。结果 ,在围栏草地上放牧育肥的试验组阉牦牛 ,试验组每头牦牛的总增重比对照组提高 3 .3 1kg ,平均日增重 83g ,提高 44 % ,(P <0 .0 1)。试验组比对照组牦牛每头分别增收 2 6.48元 相似文献
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甘肃省肉牛发展比较缓慢,以往城市、工矿所需牛肉,以农区淘汰的耕牛、老残牛或牧区的牦牛、犏牛为主,外贸出口、商品交换,数量很少。近几年来随着黄牛改良工作的发展,局部地区,育肥上市、外销创汇,日见增多。一般用作育肥肉用的牛,有改良牛、黄牛、牦牛与犏牛,以青年与成年牛为主,育肥方法也有一定改进和提高。但大部分地区仍以耕牛、老残牛、牦牛与犏牛 相似文献
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从目前青藏地区牦牛生产的实际出发,在牧区实现与农业生产一样的方式繁育牦牛,并根据季节调整牧区牦牛数量缓解草原压力;以犏牛为突破口,实现牦牛农牧区相结合的发展方式;在农区以西门塔尔与野血牦牛杂交生产野西犏牛,为牧区提供育肥犊牛,并以野西犏牛母牛代替繁殖低下的母牦牛,实现牦牛生产方式的创新性转变。 相似文献
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《中国牛业科学》2016,(4)
[目的]本文旨在研究青贮燕麦和干燕麦舍饲育肥牦牛的错峰经济效益,从而为提高燕麦的利用率和牦牛错峰育肥出栏提供试验依据。[方法]在同等精料水平条件下,试验组粗饲料用裹包青贮燕麦草和青稞草,对照组用干燕麦草和青稞草,舍饲育肥60d。[结果]试验组比对照组平均每头多增重6.21kg,增重率提高50.16%。每增重1kg试验组比对照组节约饲料成本39.98元。通过60天的保膘育肥,除去饲料成本试验组和对照组的错峰效益分别为1 309.45元/头和1 094.01元/头。[结论]燕麦青贮育肥牦牛效果远远高于干燕麦,牦牛低成本舍饲育肥,必须从错峰出栏上获取较高的经济效益。 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2017,(10)
在大通县逊让乡逊布村华鑫肉牛养殖场选择育肥的100头高原牦牛作为试验牛群,冬春季利用暖棚对刚察牧区的牦牛进行短期育肥,采用一定混合精料加小麦秸秆,育肥4个月。结果表明,经冷季育肥后的大通县牦牛反季节出栏后经济效益显著,利用暖棚季节出栏是提升大通县高原牦牛经济效益的良好方法之一。 相似文献
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Steagall PV Mantovani FB Taylor PM Dixon MJ Luna SP 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(2):203-209
The dose-related antinociceptive effects of intravenous (IV) buprenorphine were evaluated in cats. Thermal (TT) and mechanical threshold (MT) devices were used for nociceptive stimulation. After baseline threshold recordings, buprenorphine was administered IV (0.01, 0.02 or 0.04 mg/kg; B1, B2 and B4, respectively) in a randomised, blinded and cross-over study. Data were analysed by ANOVA (P < 0.05) using 95% confidence intervals (CI). TT increased 15, 30, 45 min and 1 (5.2 ± 2.7 °C), 2, 3 and 4 h after B1; 15, 30, 45 min and 1 (5.1 ± 3.9 °C) and 2 h after B2, and 15, 30, 45 min and 1 (5.4 ± 3.3 °C), 2, 3, 6 and 8 h after B4. MT increased 15 and 45 min after B2 (260 ± 171 mmHg), and 30 (209 ± 116 mmHg) and 45 min and 1 and 2 h after B4. At 45 min, MT values were significantly higher after B2 compared to B1 (P < 0.05). With MT, B2 and B4 produced more antinociception and longer duration of action than B1, respectively. No dose response to thermal stimulation was detected. 相似文献
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Monsuru Oladimeji Abioja John Adesanya Abiona Obafemi Foluso Akinjute Henry T. Ojoawo 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(4):715-724
Effect of extended storage on egg quality, embryo mortality and hatchability in FUNAAB-ɑ chickens was determined. Hatchable eggs (n = 288; weighing 53.2 ± 4.67 g) collected from a flock of FUNAAB-ɑ layer breeder hens aged 32 weeks were stored in egg tray with broad end up under 16 ± 1.5°C for either 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 d. Before incubation, eight eggs from each group were evaluated for internal and external quality traits. Remaining eggs were set in an incubator and transferred into hatcher on embryonic day 18. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Egg weight loss (EWL; p < .001), surface area (p < .001), yolk diameter (p < .001), inner and outer blastoderm diameters (p < .05) and dead in germ (DIG; p < .001) increased with storage duration while yolk height (p < .001), yolk index (p < .001), albumen weight (p < .05), albumen height (p < .05), albumen index (p < .01), Haugh's unit (HU; p < .05), fertility (p < .001), hatchability of set (HATCHS; p < .001) and fertile eggs (p < .05) decreased. Weight losses of 0, 1.2, 2.2, 3.4, 4.6 and 6.1% were recorded in egg stored for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days respectively. Eggs stored beyond 8 days exhibited higher DIG and lower HATCHS. Shell percentage in 4 days storage (11.4%) was lower (p < .05) than in 16 days storage (13.4%). Shell thickness was similar in eggs stored for 0 to 12 days, but 8 days storage (0.60 mm) had thinner (p < .01) shell than day 16 (0.71 mm) and day 20 (0.73 mm) storage. Internal quality unit (IQU) was higher (p < .05) in fresh eggs (180.4) than in 12 days (167.8) and 20 days (167.8) stored eggs. Extended storage of FUNAAB-ɑ eggs caused EWL, surface area shrinkage, lowered HU and IQU, loss of yolk and albumen quality, increased blastoderm diameters and DIG, and decreased egg fertility and HATCHS from day 8 forward. Storing FUNAAB-ɑ eggs beyond 8 days reduced quality parameters; therefore, other mitigating factors are recommended when storing beyond 8 days. 相似文献
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Cesar Consuegra Francisco Crespo Jesús Dorado Maria Diaz‐Jimenez Blasa Pereira Manuel Hidalgo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(Z4):86-89
Lipids and proteins can be used for sperm vitrification to preserve the integrity of sperm membranes or to increase the viscosity of the medium. This study evaluated the effect of low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) and milk serum proteins (Pronexcell) for stallion sperm vitrification. Hippex extender (Barex Biochemical Products, The Netherlands), plus 1% of bovine serum albumin and 100 mM of trehalose, was used as control for sperm vitrification. In experiment 1, different concentrations of LDL (L1 = 0.25, L2 = 0.5, L3 = 1%) and in experiment 2 of Pronexcell (P1 = 1, P2 = 5, P3 = 10%) were added to control extender. Vitrification was performed in 0.25‐ml straws directly plunged into liquid nitrogen. Total motility (TM, %) and progressive motility (PM, %) were analysed by CASA, and plasma membrane (IMS, %) and acrosome membrane integrity (AIS, %) were assessed under epifluorescence microscopy. Post‐warmed sperm parameters were compared between treatments by ANOVA. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM. In both experiments, the minimum concentration of LDL and Pronexcell obtained significantly higher values (p < 0.01) than the control extender for TM (L1 = 52.95 ± 4.4; P1 = 58.99 ± 4.6; C = 30.88 ± 3.0), PM (L1 = 36.79 ± 5.5; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 19.20 ± 2.4), IMS (L1 = 68.88 ± 3.6; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 52.81 ± 2.6) and AIS (L1 = 45.88 ± 3.6; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 26.00 ± 2.1). No differences in sperm parameters were found among different concentrations of LDL or Pronexcell. In conclusion, the addition of 0.25% LDL and 1% Pronexcell to the vitrification extender is recommended to improve the quality of stallion sperm after vitrification. 相似文献
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《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2022,49(6):572-579
ObjectiveTo compare the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine administered either intranasally or intramuscularly to healthy dogs.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial.AnimalsA group of 16 client-owned healthy dogs.MethodsDogs were randomly allocated to one of two groups that were administered dexmedetomidine 5 μg kg–1 via either the intranasal route (INDex), through a mucosal atomization device in one nostril, or the intramuscular route (IMDex), into the epaxial muscles. Ease of intranasal administration, sedation score, onset of sedation, cardiopulmonary variables, mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) and response to venous catheterization were recorded at 0 (baseline), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 minutes, following drug administration. Data were compared with the one-way anova, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test, where appropriate.ResultsGroups were not different for age, sex, weight, body condition score or temperament. Sedation scores, MNTs and response to intravenous catheter placement were not different when dexmedetomidine was administered by either route (p = 0.691; p = 0.630 and p = 0.435, respectively). Onset of sedation was not different between groups INDex and IMDex reaching a score of 4.2 ± 0.9 and 5.5 ± 1.2 at 9 ± 5 and 8 ± 4 minutes, respectively (p = 0.467). The highest sedation score was achieved at 30 and 35 minutes and sedation scores were 9.7 ± 2.0 and 9.5 ± 2.3 in groups INDex and IMDex, respectively (p = 0.799). Respiratory rate was higher in group INDex (p = 0.014), while there were no differences between routes in heart rate (p = 0.275), systolic (p = 0.957), diastolic (p = 0.837) or mean arterial pressure (p = 0.921).Conclusions and clinical relevanceIntranasal administration of dexmedetomidine at 5 μg kg–1 provides effective sedation in healthy dogs. 相似文献
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A meta-analysis of data obtained from previous studies was conducted to understand the responses of foliage supplementation on intakes of basal DM (BDMI) and total DM (TDMI), and daily gain (ADG). Thirty-four published studies containing 223 treatments and 1127 sheep met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Major predictive variables considered were percentages of foliages in diet (SD), CP in foliages (PS), NDF in foliages (FS), NDF in forages (FB), CP in basal roughages (PB), CP in diet (PD) and foliage CP intake (SPI). TDMI (g/d) increased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing PS, FS, SPI (R2 = 0.66), PB, SD (R2 = 0.58) and PD (R2 = 0.73). The maximal response of TDMI were 778 g/d at 42% of SD, 894 g/d at 19.8% PD, 893 g/d at 148 g/d SPI and 749 g/d at 26.4% PS (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.58, 0.73, 0.66, and 0.37, respectively). BDMI increased quadratically with increasing SD, PD and PB, but decreased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing PS (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.07). The breakpoint of BDMI was 570 g/d at 6.58% of PD in the diet (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.28). Overall, BDMI responded at very low level of SD in the diet, peaking at 7.6% SD with BDMI of 572 g/d (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.72). However, when PB was less than 3%, the maximal BDMI was 489 g/d at foliage levels of 25.7%. When PB was between 3 and 6%, maximal BDMI was at 13% of foliage in the diet and the basal forage intake of 597 g/d; whereas, BDMI decreased linearly with SD when PB was greater than 6%. BDMI (g/d) decreased quadratically when foliage CP percentages were lesser than 10%, but increased quadratically with PS when foliage CP percentages were greater than 10%. ADG responded positively and quadratically to PS, SPI, SD, PD and TDMI (g/d) and the relationships were moderate to high. However, ADG (g/d) decreased linearly with increasing FS (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.35). The maximal ADG was 42 g/d at 43% of SD, 41 g/d at 9.4% PD, 42 g/d at 53 g/d SPI, 35 g/d at 25% PS and 46 g/d at TDMI of 889 g/d (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.74, 0.84, 0.74, 0.29 and 0.74, respectively). It is concluded that the interactions of quality and quantity of foliage supplements and quality of basal forages affect intakes of basal and total DM, and growth in sheep. 相似文献
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Influence of dietary lysine level on whole-body protein turnover, plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentration in growing pigs 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Four growing pigs (initial liveweight 25.9 ± 0.54 kg, final liveweight 43.0 ± 1.06 kg) were used to study the effect of dietary lysine level on nutrient digestibility, whole-body protein turnover, plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucose, and urea nitrogen (PUN). Four diets, containing 7.0 g (L1), 9.5 g (L2), 12.0 g (L3) and 14.5 g (L4) lysine per kg diet respectively, were formulated as experimental treatments. The animals and diets were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Nitrogen (N) metabolism and whole-body protein turnover were measured by classical method and single-dose 15N end-product method, respectively. The blood samples were taken at the end of each experimental period. Results showed that N retention (NR) and N biological value (NBV) were significantly increased from L1 to L4 (P < 0.05). However, differences in NR and NBV between L2, L3 and L4 were not significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference on dry matter (DM) digestibility, organic matter (OM) digestibility and N digestibility between different treatments (P > 0.05). Whole-body protein synthesis, protein degradation and protein accretion increased markedly from L1 to L2 (P < 0.05), but did not increase further from L2 to L4. Whole-body protein accretion (y, g/kg W0.75/d) increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = − 0.09x2 + 2.12x − 5.14 (r2 = 0.96, n = 4, P < 0.05).The results also showed that differences in plasma IGF-I, GH, glucose and PUN concentration between different treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). Plasma insulin concentration (y, μIU/ml) was increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = 0.23x2 − 4.10x + 32.25 (r2 = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05), but it was not found that plasma insulin concentration was related to NR. A significant correlation was found between NR (y, g/d) and plasma IGF-I (x, ng/ml): y = − 3.1 × 10− 3x2 + 1.31x − 122.28 (r2 = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05).It was concluded that dietary lysine level had a significant influence on NR and whole-body protein turnover but not on plasma IGF-I and GH concentration. Plasma IGF-I may be an important factor controlling N metabolism of growing pigs. Further research was needed to study the mechanism. 相似文献
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Birth difficulty and poor lamb vigour are significant causes of perinatal lamb mortality. In this study we investigated whether sheep breeds differing in appearance, muscularity and selection history also had differences in dystocia and lamb vigour, and considered some of the factors that may contribute to the variation in these traits. Data were collected at birth from a total of 3252 lambs of two terminal sire breeds selected for lean growth (Suffolk [S], n = 500 and Texel [T], n = 1207), from a Hill breed (Scottish Blackface [B], n = 610), which has been mainly selected for hardiness, and a crossbred (Mule × T [M], n = 935) representing a maternal line. For each lamb the degree of assistance at delivery, lamb presentation, amount of assistance to achieve successful sucking, sex, litter size and birth weight were recorded. T lambs required the most, and B and M lambs the least assistance at birth, S lambs were intermediate (% lambs assisted: T = 55.7, S = 30.7, B = 22.7, M = 24.9, P < 0.001). T and S lambs were equally likely to be malpresented at birth (29% of births) and more likely to be malpresented than B or M lambs (20%; P < 0.001). In T and S breeds lambs requiring veterinary assistance at delivery were mainly heavy and singleton lambs, whereas in B and M breeds these were exclusively low birth weight lambs in multiple litters. Although heavier lambs needed greater birth assistance, T lambs were lighter than S and M lambs, but heavier than B lambs (birth weight (kg): S = 4.66, M = 4.56, T = 4.32, B = 3.67, P < 0.001). S lambs were more likely to require assistance with sucking than other breeds, and T lambs also required more assistance than B or M lambs (% lambs assisted to suck: S = 56.0, T = 31.6, M = 19.8, B = 18.4, P < 0.001). Heavier lambs were more likely to suck unaided than lighter lambs (P < 0.001). The data suggest that the two terminal sire breeds, selected narrowly for greater productivity (muscle growth and conformation), are more likely to experience birth difficulty and poorer lamb vigour than the breed selected for hardiness, or the cross breed. Whether these effects arise as a consequence of genetic selection (e.g. for specific lamb conformation), or as a result of management practices to achieve selection goals (e.g. increased intervention at lambing) is unknown. Specific actions to improve birth difficulty and lamb vigour, such as including these traits in the selection index, would be beneficial in improving the welfare of ewes and lambs of the terminal sire breeds. 相似文献
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Gabriela A. Albarellos Sabrina M. Passini Martín P. Lupi Silvia Aramayona Paula M. Lorenzini Laura Montoya Maria F. Landoni 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(3):297-302
Cefuroxime axetil pharmacokinetic profile was investigated in 12 Beagle dogs after single intravenous and oral administration of tablets or suspension at a dose of 20 mg/kg, under both fasting and fed conditions. A three-period, three-treatment crossover study (IV, PO under fasting and fed condition) was applied. Blood samples were withdrawn at predetermined times over a 12-hr period. Cefuroxime plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC. Data were analyzed by compartmental analysis. No statistically significant differences were observed between formulations and feeding conditions on PK parameters. Independently of the feeding condition, absorption of cefuroxime axetil after tablet administration was low and erratic. The drug has been quantified in plasma in 3 out of 6 and 5 out of 6 dogs in the fasted and fed groups. For this formulation, the bioavailability (F), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of cefuroxime axetil were significantly enhanced (p < .05) by the concomitant ingestion of food (32.97 ± 13.47–14.08 ± 7.79%, 6.30 ± 2.62–2.74 ± 0.66 µg/ml, and 15.75 ± 3.98–7.82 ± 2.76 µg.hr/ml for F, Cmax, and AUC in fed and fasted dogs, respectively), while for cefuroxime axetil suspension, feeding conditions affected only the rate of absorption, as reflected by the significantly shorter absorption half-life (T½(a)) and time to peak concentration (Tmax) (0.55 ± 0.27–1.15 ± 0.19 hr and 1.21 ± 0.22–1.70 ± 0.30 for T½(a) and Tmax in fed and fasted dogs, respectively). For cefuroxime axetil tablets, T > MIC (≤1 µg/ml) was <2 hr in fasted and ≈4 hr in fed animals, and for cefuroxime axetil suspension, T > MIC (≤1 µg/ml) was ≈5 hr and for T >MIC (≤4 µg/ml) was ≈2.5 hr for fasted and fed dogs, respectively. Cefuroxime axetil as a suspension formulation seems to be a better option than tablets. However, its short permanence in plasma could reduce its clinical usefulness in dogs. 相似文献
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Efficacy of a mephentermine‐based product as a vasopressor and a cardiac performance enhancer when given intramuscularly to cattle 
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下载免费PDF全文 D. N. Q. Cunha C. L. del Rio B. L. Youngblood E. L. Ferris G. E. Geist Y. Ueyama L. C. Franz S. Mathur R. L. Hamlin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(2):274-280
The goal of this study was to confirm the vasopressor and cardiac effects of POTENAY® INJETÁVEL (POT), a mephentermine‐based product, given to cattle with induced vascular/cardiac depression. Ten healthy Holstein cattle (206 ± 13 kg) followed a randomized‐complete‐block design (RCBD) utilizing crossover study design. Each animal randomly received (1 ml/25 kg, IM) of either POT (n = 10) or volume‐matched placebo control (0.9%NaCl, CP, n = 10). A subset of animals (n = 5) received POT first (day 0) while the remaining (n = 5) received CP; after a six‐day washout period, cattle received the opposite compound. Animals were anesthetized and catheterized for systemic/left ventricular hemodynamic monitoring. Myocardial dysfunction/hypotension was induced by increasing the end‐tidal isoflurane concentration until arterial blood pressure was 20% lower than at baseline and remained stable. Once the animal was determined to be hypotensive and hemodynamically stable, steady‐state hypotensive baseline data (BL2) were acquired, and treatment with either POT or CP was given. Data were acquired post‐treatment at every 15 min for 90 min. POT improved cardiac output (+68 L/min, ±14%, p < 0.05), MAP (+14 mmHg, ±4%, p < 0.05), HR (+22 bpm, ±8%, p < 0.05), and peak rates of ventricular pressure change during both systole (dP/dtmax: +37 mmHg/s ±13%, p < 0.05) and diastole (dP/dtmin: +31 mmHg/s, ±7%, p < 0.05). No improvements were noted following placebo‐control administration. Results indicate that POT improves cardiac performance and systemic hemodynamics in cattle with induced cardiovascular depression when given as single intramuscular injection. 相似文献
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Cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of intravenous or epidural methadone in conscious dogs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 B. H. B. Vieira L. T. Nishimura L. L. Carvalho A. Auckburally E. Mattos‐Junior 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2017,40(6):e65-e68
Cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of intravenous or epidural methadone were compared. Six beagles were randomly assigned to group MIV (methadone 0.5 mg/kg IV + NaCl 0.9% epidurally) or MEP (methadone 0.5 mg/kg epidurally + NaCl 0.9% IV). Cardiopulmonary, blood gas and sedation were assessed at time (T) 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 min after drug administration. Compared to T0, heart rate decreased at T15–T120 in MIV (p < .001) and T15–T240 in MEP (p < .05); mean arterial pressure was reduced at T15–T60 in MEP (p < .01); respiratory rate was higher at T15 and T30 in both groups (p < .05); pH was lower at T15–T120 in MIV (p < .01) and T15, T30 and T120 in MEP (p < .05); PaCO2 was higher at T15–T60 in MIV (p < .01) and T15, T30 and T120 in MEP (p < .01); sedation scores were higher at T15 and T30 in MIV and T15–T60 in MEP (p < .05). At T120 and T240, sedation score was higher in group MEP compared with group MIV (p < .01) In conclusion, cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of identical methadone doses are similar when administered IV or epidurally to conscious healthy dogs. 相似文献