共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
《中国奶牛》2021,(8)
本研究以云南民族特色传统乳制品乳饼为原料,以感官评分为指标,通过单因素试验和响应面优化玫瑰再制乳饼的工艺参数,并分析了产品的感官、理化及微生物指标。结果表明:即食玫瑰再制乳饼最佳工艺参数为:奶粉添加量14%、麦芽糊精添加量3.5%、玫瑰花添加量0.2%、卡拉胶添加量0.3%。玫瑰再制乳饼产品富有独特的奶香味和玫瑰风味,弹性、内聚性、胶着性以及咀嚼性都显著高于作为参照的酸水乳饼(P0.05);其蛋白质含量(24.62±0.62%)、脂肪含量(28.79±0.43%)、水分含量(36.6±0.27%)及微生物指标均符合标准。即食玫瑰再制乳饼产品风味独特、营养丰富、卫生安全、便于携带及食用,可为云南乳饼产业的发展提供参考依据。 相似文献
2.
《中国奶牛》2020,(9)
针对牦牛乳脂肪含量高、营养丰富等特点,本试验研究了适用于发酵牦牛乳的菌种和工艺。以发酵牦牛乳的感官、酸度以及活菌数为指标,从10株乳酸菌中筛选适合牦牛乳发酵的3株菌;在单因素试验基础上,利用响应面优化发酵牦牛乳配方及工艺;测定发酵牦牛乳的理化卫生指标,评估产品质量。结果表明:适用于发酵牦牛乳的3株菌为罗伊氏乳杆菌、约氏乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌,可与保加利亚乳杆菌及嗜热链球菌按1:1:1:1:1比例复配制成发酵剂;发酵牦牛乳最佳工艺条件为:牦牛奶与荷斯坦牛奶按2:1配比,糖添加量为9%,菌种添加量为4%,30℃发酵30h。回归系数显著性表明,各因素对发酵乳感官评分的影响顺序为:菌种添加量发酵温度糖添加量发酵时间。理化和微生物指标结果显示,发酵牦牛乳的酸度、脂肪、蛋白质、酵母菌和霉菌数、大肠菌群数均符合标准,风味成分双乙酰含量为1.02μg/mL。 相似文献
3.
红茶枸杞酸奶发酵工艺条件的优化及其品质测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探索红茶枸杞酸奶发酵的最佳工艺条件,试验以红茶、枸杞粉、牛奶为主要原料,添加蔗糖、复合发酵剂,经发酵后制作一种新型营养酸奶,根据单因素和响应面优化试验对红茶枸杞汁、复合发酵剂、蔗糖添加量及发酵温度等进行优化,并对研制出的酸奶进行了感官、理化和微生物测定。结果表明:红茶枸杞汁添加量为8.09%,复合发酵剂添加量为0.18%,蔗糖添加量为8.03%,发酵温度为41.54℃,在此条件下制得的红茶枸杞酸奶最终感官评分为97.98分,与预测值较近,为最佳发酵工艺条件。说明用最佳发酵工艺制作的酸奶品质较佳。 相似文献
4.
通过酶法提取黑木耳水不溶性膳食纤维（insoluble dietary fiber,IDF）,探究黑木耳IDF添加量对发酵乳酸度及活菌数的影响;以感官评分为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验对黑木耳IDF发酵乳的配方（黑木耳IDF、脱脂乳粉和羧甲基纤维素钠添加量）进行优化,并对优化后的黑木耳IDF发酵乳成品进行营养成分及质构特性测定。结果表明：黑木耳IDF能够促进乳酸菌增殖,黑木耳IDF添加量为7%（换算成冻干粉含量为0.78%）、羧甲基纤维素钠添加量为1.5%、脱脂乳粉添加量为2.0%时为最佳工艺,制得的黑木耳IDF发酵乳蛋白质含量为（3.53±0.08）%,脂肪含量（3.12±0.03）%,灰分含量（0.78±0.12）%,固形物含量（19.35±0.49）%;分析发酵乳贮藏期间品质发现,黑木耳IDF提高了发酵乳贮藏期间的持水力、硬度、咀嚼性和胶黏性,并且IDF对发酵剂有一定的保护作用。 相似文献
5.
以牛乳和紫薯作为原材料,制作紫薯奶酪,并分析发酵工艺对膳食纤维含量变化的影响。通过单因素和响应面试验优化紫薯粉添加量、发酵温度与发酵时间,通过国标方法对采用最佳发酵工艺制备的紫薯奶酪中的营养成分及膳食纤维含量进行测定。结果表明：制备紫薯鲜奶酪的最优工艺参数为紫薯粉添加量4%、发酵温度42 ℃、发酵时间8 h;该条件下制成的紫薯鲜奶酪的蛋白质含量为19.79%、脂肪含量15.62%、水分含量46.75%、霉菌总数2.97 CFU/g、滴定酸度78.03 °T,均符合国家标准,膳食纤维含量为0.106 mg/ 相似文献
6.
[目的]以桂花和速溶大豆粉为主要原料,添加黄桃汁,制备桂花风味黄桃植物基酸奶。[方法]以色泽、风味、口感、组织状态为感官评价指标,固定酸奶发酵温度为42℃,通过单因素试验探究速溶大豆粉添加量、菌种添加量、蔗糖添加量、黄桃汁添加量以及不同发酵时间对桂花风味黄桃植物基酸奶感官评分的影响,并结合正交试验,建立模糊数学感官评价法,对桂花风味黄桃植物基酸奶工艺进行优化。[结果]速溶大豆粉添加量28%,菌种添加量3%,蔗糖添加量4%,黄桃汁添加量12%,发酵时间8 h,在此工艺条件下制得酸奶感官评分为89.8分。[结论]产品色泽明亮,兼具桂花香与黄桃果香,口感细腻润滑,酸甜可口,凝固状态良好。 相似文献
7.
[目的]后疫情时代,消费者对饮食的需求趋于健康化,口感丰富饱满且对健康有益的产品供不应求,在此基础上,开展了在发酵乳中添加谷物、果聚糖等营养物质的产品研究。[方法]以燕麦、菊粉、发酵剂、发酵时间为主要研究对象,采用单因素及正交试验方法,对燕麦菊粉风味发酵乳进行理化及质构分析,并对发酵乳进行微生物检测。[结果]以生牛乳为主要原料,按8%的比例加入燕麦浆,4%的比例加入菊粉,0.3%的比例加入发酵剂,经过5.5 h的发酵,所得产品感官评分为92.7分。其中,4个因子对乳制品感官质量有显著改善作用,排序为：菌种数影响>发酵期影响>谷物浆浓度影响>果聚糖含量影响。产品指标及感官风味方面,添加谷物与果聚糖的发酵乳产品理化指标符合《GB19302—2010食品安全国家标准发酵乳》要求,质构稳定,持水性好,味道酸、甜味平衡,有淡淡的谷物香气。 相似文献
8.
本研究以广西马山老黑糖及水牛乳为主要原料,乳酸菌种YO-MIX883 LYO 50DCU为发酵剂,以酸奶感官品质评分和酸奶酸度的综合评分作为考察指标,采用单因素及正交试验方法对凝固型黑糖酸奶发酵工艺进行优化,得到最佳的发酵黑糖酸奶的工艺与配方。结果表明,在黑糖添加量8%、菌种添加量3%、发酵时间8h、发酵温度43℃、水牛奶85%,发酵后在4℃条件下冷藏24h,获得的发酵酸奶的感官品质评分为92分,产品组织状态均匀,口感细腻,略带有黑糖独特风味,感官评价最佳。最佳发酵条件下制备的凝固型黑糖酸奶酸度为90.5°T、乳酸菌数为1.3×107CFU/g,蛋白质含量3.4%,脂肪含量4.6%,均符合中国乳制品工业行业规范发酵水牛乳(RHB703-2012)的要求。 相似文献
9.
研究不同脂肪含量和脂肪替代物对再制片状干酪品质的影响。对5 种不同脂肪含量再制片状干酪的基本理化指标、色泽、质构和感官品质进行测定和评估。结果表明：5 种不同脂肪含量的再制片状干酪pH值、蛋白质和脂肪含量存在显著性差异，酶解浓缩黄油的添加对再制片状干酪亮度值、红度值和黄度值均有明显影响；用酶解浓缩黄油替代全部黄油的减脂50%干酪全质构特性与其他组样品有差异，酶解浓缩黄油部分替代黄油制备的4号减脂干酪全质构特性除凝聚性、回复性外，与1～3号干酪无显著差异；通过感官评定发现，酶解浓缩黄油替代全部黄油的减脂50%干酪（5号）感官评分最低，酶解浓缩黄油部分替代黄油的减脂50%干酪（4号）风味和滋味有所增强，总体得分与全脂干酪产品无显著差异。因此通过降低黄油含量，并添加酶解浓缩黄油可提升减脂再制片状干酪的品质。 相似文献
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11.
Steagall PV Mantovani FB Taylor PM Dixon MJ Luna SP 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(2):203-209
The dose-related antinociceptive effects of intravenous (IV) buprenorphine were evaluated in cats. Thermal (TT) and mechanical threshold (MT) devices were used for nociceptive stimulation. After baseline threshold recordings, buprenorphine was administered IV (0.01, 0.02 or 0.04 mg/kg; B1, B2 and B4, respectively) in a randomised, blinded and cross-over study. Data were analysed by ANOVA (P < 0.05) using 95% confidence intervals (CI). TT increased 15, 30, 45 min and 1 (5.2 ± 2.7 °C), 2, 3 and 4 h after B1; 15, 30, 45 min and 1 (5.1 ± 3.9 °C) and 2 h after B2, and 15, 30, 45 min and 1 (5.4 ± 3.3 °C), 2, 3, 6 and 8 h after B4. MT increased 15 and 45 min after B2 (260 ± 171 mmHg), and 30 (209 ± 116 mmHg) and 45 min and 1 and 2 h after B4. At 45 min, MT values were significantly higher after B2 compared to B1 (P < 0.05). With MT, B2 and B4 produced more antinociception and longer duration of action than B1, respectively. No dose response to thermal stimulation was detected. 相似文献
12.
Monsuru Oladimeji Abioja John Adesanya Abiona Obafemi Foluso Akinjute Henry T. Ojoawo 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(4):715-724
Effect of extended storage on egg quality, embryo mortality and hatchability in FUNAAB-ɑ chickens was determined. Hatchable eggs (n = 288; weighing 53.2 ± 4.67 g) collected from a flock of FUNAAB-ɑ layer breeder hens aged 32 weeks were stored in egg tray with broad end up under 16 ± 1.5°C for either 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 d. Before incubation, eight eggs from each group were evaluated for internal and external quality traits. Remaining eggs were set in an incubator and transferred into hatcher on embryonic day 18. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Egg weight loss (EWL; p < .001), surface area (p < .001), yolk diameter (p < .001), inner and outer blastoderm diameters (p < .05) and dead in germ (DIG; p < .001) increased with storage duration while yolk height (p < .001), yolk index (p < .001), albumen weight (p < .05), albumen height (p < .05), albumen index (p < .01), Haugh's unit (HU; p < .05), fertility (p < .001), hatchability of set (HATCHS; p < .001) and fertile eggs (p < .05) decreased. Weight losses of 0, 1.2, 2.2, 3.4, 4.6 and 6.1% were recorded in egg stored for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days respectively. Eggs stored beyond 8 days exhibited higher DIG and lower HATCHS. Shell percentage in 4 days storage (11.4%) was lower (p < .05) than in 16 days storage (13.4%). Shell thickness was similar in eggs stored for 0 to 12 days, but 8 days storage (0.60 mm) had thinner (p < .01) shell than day 16 (0.71 mm) and day 20 (0.73 mm) storage. Internal quality unit (IQU) was higher (p < .05) in fresh eggs (180.4) than in 12 days (167.8) and 20 days (167.8) stored eggs. Extended storage of FUNAAB-ɑ eggs caused EWL, surface area shrinkage, lowered HU and IQU, loss of yolk and albumen quality, increased blastoderm diameters and DIG, and decreased egg fertility and HATCHS from day 8 forward. Storing FUNAAB-ɑ eggs beyond 8 days reduced quality parameters; therefore, other mitigating factors are recommended when storing beyond 8 days. 相似文献
13.
Cesar Consuegra Francisco Crespo Jesús Dorado Maria Diaz‐Jimenez Blasa Pereira Manuel Hidalgo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(Z4):86-89
Lipids and proteins can be used for sperm vitrification to preserve the integrity of sperm membranes or to increase the viscosity of the medium. This study evaluated the effect of low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) and milk serum proteins (Pronexcell) for stallion sperm vitrification. Hippex extender (Barex Biochemical Products, The Netherlands), plus 1% of bovine serum albumin and 100 mM of trehalose, was used as control for sperm vitrification. In experiment 1, different concentrations of LDL (L1 = 0.25, L2 = 0.5, L3 = 1%) and in experiment 2 of Pronexcell (P1 = 1, P2 = 5, P3 = 10%) were added to control extender. Vitrification was performed in 0.25‐ml straws directly plunged into liquid nitrogen. Total motility (TM, %) and progressive motility (PM, %) were analysed by CASA, and plasma membrane (IMS, %) and acrosome membrane integrity (AIS, %) were assessed under epifluorescence microscopy. Post‐warmed sperm parameters were compared between treatments by ANOVA. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM. In both experiments, the minimum concentration of LDL and Pronexcell obtained significantly higher values (p < 0.01) than the control extender for TM (L1 = 52.95 ± 4.4; P1 = 58.99 ± 4.6; C = 30.88 ± 3.0), PM (L1 = 36.79 ± 5.5; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 19.20 ± 2.4), IMS (L1 = 68.88 ± 3.6; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 52.81 ± 2.6) and AIS (L1 = 45.88 ± 3.6; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 26.00 ± 2.1). No differences in sperm parameters were found among different concentrations of LDL or Pronexcell. In conclusion, the addition of 0.25% LDL and 1% Pronexcell to the vitrification extender is recommended to improve the quality of stallion sperm after vitrification. 相似文献
14.
《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2022,49(6):572-579
ObjectiveTo compare the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine administered either intranasally or intramuscularly to healthy dogs.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial.AnimalsA group of 16 client-owned healthy dogs.MethodsDogs were randomly allocated to one of two groups that were administered dexmedetomidine 5 μg kg–1 via either the intranasal route (INDex), through a mucosal atomization device in one nostril, or the intramuscular route (IMDex), into the epaxial muscles. Ease of intranasal administration, sedation score, onset of sedation, cardiopulmonary variables, mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) and response to venous catheterization were recorded at 0 (baseline), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 minutes, following drug administration. Data were compared with the one-way anova, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test, where appropriate.ResultsGroups were not different for age, sex, weight, body condition score or temperament. Sedation scores, MNTs and response to intravenous catheter placement were not different when dexmedetomidine was administered by either route (p = 0.691; p = 0.630 and p = 0.435, respectively). Onset of sedation was not different between groups INDex and IMDex reaching a score of 4.2 ± 0.9 and 5.5 ± 1.2 at 9 ± 5 and 8 ± 4 minutes, respectively (p = 0.467). The highest sedation score was achieved at 30 and 35 minutes and sedation scores were 9.7 ± 2.0 and 9.5 ± 2.3 in groups INDex and IMDex, respectively (p = 0.799). Respiratory rate was higher in group INDex (p = 0.014), while there were no differences between routes in heart rate (p = 0.275), systolic (p = 0.957), diastolic (p = 0.837) or mean arterial pressure (p = 0.921).Conclusions and clinical relevanceIntranasal administration of dexmedetomidine at 5 μg kg–1 provides effective sedation in healthy dogs. 相似文献
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A meta-analysis of data obtained from previous studies was conducted to understand the responses of foliage supplementation on intakes of basal DM (BDMI) and total DM (TDMI), and daily gain (ADG). Thirty-four published studies containing 223 treatments and 1127 sheep met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Major predictive variables considered were percentages of foliages in diet (SD), CP in foliages (PS), NDF in foliages (FS), NDF in forages (FB), CP in basal roughages (PB), CP in diet (PD) and foliage CP intake (SPI). TDMI (g/d) increased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing PS, FS, SPI (R2 = 0.66), PB, SD (R2 = 0.58) and PD (R2 = 0.73). The maximal response of TDMI were 778 g/d at 42% of SD, 894 g/d at 19.8% PD, 893 g/d at 148 g/d SPI and 749 g/d at 26.4% PS (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.58, 0.73, 0.66, and 0.37, respectively). BDMI increased quadratically with increasing SD, PD and PB, but decreased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing PS (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.07). The breakpoint of BDMI was 570 g/d at 6.58% of PD in the diet (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.28). Overall, BDMI responded at very low level of SD in the diet, peaking at 7.6% SD with BDMI of 572 g/d (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.72). However, when PB was less than 3%, the maximal BDMI was 489 g/d at foliage levels of 25.7%. When PB was between 3 and 6%, maximal BDMI was at 13% of foliage in the diet and the basal forage intake of 597 g/d; whereas, BDMI decreased linearly with SD when PB was greater than 6%. BDMI (g/d) decreased quadratically when foliage CP percentages were lesser than 10%, but increased quadratically with PS when foliage CP percentages were greater than 10%. ADG responded positively and quadratically to PS, SPI, SD, PD and TDMI (g/d) and the relationships were moderate to high. However, ADG (g/d) decreased linearly with increasing FS (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.35). The maximal ADG was 42 g/d at 43% of SD, 41 g/d at 9.4% PD, 42 g/d at 53 g/d SPI, 35 g/d at 25% PS and 46 g/d at TDMI of 889 g/d (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.74, 0.84, 0.74, 0.29 and 0.74, respectively). It is concluded that the interactions of quality and quantity of foliage supplements and quality of basal forages affect intakes of basal and total DM, and growth in sheep. 相似文献
16.
Influence of dietary lysine level on whole-body protein turnover, plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentration in growing pigs 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Four growing pigs (initial liveweight 25.9 ± 0.54 kg, final liveweight 43.0 ± 1.06 kg) were used to study the effect of dietary lysine level on nutrient digestibility, whole-body protein turnover, plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucose, and urea nitrogen (PUN). Four diets, containing 7.0 g (L1), 9.5 g (L2), 12.0 g (L3) and 14.5 g (L4) lysine per kg diet respectively, were formulated as experimental treatments. The animals and diets were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Nitrogen (N) metabolism and whole-body protein turnover were measured by classical method and single-dose 15N end-product method, respectively. The blood samples were taken at the end of each experimental period. Results showed that N retention (NR) and N biological value (NBV) were significantly increased from L1 to L4 (P < 0.05). However, differences in NR and NBV between L2, L3 and L4 were not significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference on dry matter (DM) digestibility, organic matter (OM) digestibility and N digestibility between different treatments (P > 0.05). Whole-body protein synthesis, protein degradation and protein accretion increased markedly from L1 to L2 (P < 0.05), but did not increase further from L2 to L4. Whole-body protein accretion (y, g/kg W0.75/d) increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = − 0.09x2 + 2.12x − 5.14 (r2 = 0.96, n = 4, P < 0.05).The results also showed that differences in plasma IGF-I, GH, glucose and PUN concentration between different treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). Plasma insulin concentration (y, μIU/ml) was increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = 0.23x2 − 4.10x + 32.25 (r2 = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05), but it was not found that plasma insulin concentration was related to NR. A significant correlation was found between NR (y, g/d) and plasma IGF-I (x, ng/ml): y = − 3.1 × 10− 3x2 + 1.31x − 122.28 (r2 = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05).It was concluded that dietary lysine level had a significant influence on NR and whole-body protein turnover but not on plasma IGF-I and GH concentration. Plasma IGF-I may be an important factor controlling N metabolism of growing pigs. Further research was needed to study the mechanism. 相似文献
17.
Gabriela A. Albarellos Sabrina M. Passini Martín P. Lupi Silvia Aramayona Paula M. Lorenzini Laura Montoya Maria F. Landoni 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(3):297-302
Cefuroxime axetil pharmacokinetic profile was investigated in 12 Beagle dogs after single intravenous and oral administration of tablets or suspension at a dose of 20 mg/kg, under both fasting and fed conditions. A three-period, three-treatment crossover study (IV, PO under fasting and fed condition) was applied. Blood samples were withdrawn at predetermined times over a 12-hr period. Cefuroxime plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC. Data were analyzed by compartmental analysis. No statistically significant differences were observed between formulations and feeding conditions on PK parameters. Independently of the feeding condition, absorption of cefuroxime axetil after tablet administration was low and erratic. The drug has been quantified in plasma in 3 out of 6 and 5 out of 6 dogs in the fasted and fed groups. For this formulation, the bioavailability (F), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of cefuroxime axetil were significantly enhanced (p < .05) by the concomitant ingestion of food (32.97 ± 13.47–14.08 ± 7.79%, 6.30 ± 2.62–2.74 ± 0.66 µg/ml, and 15.75 ± 3.98–7.82 ± 2.76 µg.hr/ml for F, Cmax, and AUC in fed and fasted dogs, respectively), while for cefuroxime axetil suspension, feeding conditions affected only the rate of absorption, as reflected by the significantly shorter absorption half-life (T½(a)) and time to peak concentration (Tmax) (0.55 ± 0.27–1.15 ± 0.19 hr and 1.21 ± 0.22–1.70 ± 0.30 for T½(a) and Tmax in fed and fasted dogs, respectively). For cefuroxime axetil tablets, T > MIC (≤1 µg/ml) was <2 hr in fasted and ≈4 hr in fed animals, and for cefuroxime axetil suspension, T > MIC (≤1 µg/ml) was ≈5 hr and for T >MIC (≤4 µg/ml) was ≈2.5 hr for fasted and fed dogs, respectively. Cefuroxime axetil as a suspension formulation seems to be a better option than tablets. However, its short permanence in plasma could reduce its clinical usefulness in dogs. 相似文献
18.
Birth difficulty and poor lamb vigour are significant causes of perinatal lamb mortality. In this study we investigated whether sheep breeds differing in appearance, muscularity and selection history also had differences in dystocia and lamb vigour, and considered some of the factors that may contribute to the variation in these traits. Data were collected at birth from a total of 3252 lambs of two terminal sire breeds selected for lean growth (Suffolk [S], n = 500 and Texel [T], n = 1207), from a Hill breed (Scottish Blackface [B], n = 610), which has been mainly selected for hardiness, and a crossbred (Mule × T [M], n = 935) representing a maternal line. For each lamb the degree of assistance at delivery, lamb presentation, amount of assistance to achieve successful sucking, sex, litter size and birth weight were recorded. T lambs required the most, and B and M lambs the least assistance at birth, S lambs were intermediate (% lambs assisted: T = 55.7, S = 30.7, B = 22.7, M = 24.9, P < 0.001). T and S lambs were equally likely to be malpresented at birth (29% of births) and more likely to be malpresented than B or M lambs (20%; P < 0.001). In T and S breeds lambs requiring veterinary assistance at delivery were mainly heavy and singleton lambs, whereas in B and M breeds these were exclusively low birth weight lambs in multiple litters. Although heavier lambs needed greater birth assistance, T lambs were lighter than S and M lambs, but heavier than B lambs (birth weight (kg): S = 4.66, M = 4.56, T = 4.32, B = 3.67, P < 0.001). S lambs were more likely to require assistance with sucking than other breeds, and T lambs also required more assistance than B or M lambs (% lambs assisted to suck: S = 56.0, T = 31.6, M = 19.8, B = 18.4, P < 0.001). Heavier lambs were more likely to suck unaided than lighter lambs (P < 0.001). The data suggest that the two terminal sire breeds, selected narrowly for greater productivity (muscle growth and conformation), are more likely to experience birth difficulty and poorer lamb vigour than the breed selected for hardiness, or the cross breed. Whether these effects arise as a consequence of genetic selection (e.g. for specific lamb conformation), or as a result of management practices to achieve selection goals (e.g. increased intervention at lambing) is unknown. Specific actions to improve birth difficulty and lamb vigour, such as including these traits in the selection index, would be beneficial in improving the welfare of ewes and lambs of the terminal sire breeds. 相似文献
19.
Efficacy of a mephentermine‐based product as a vasopressor and a cardiac performance enhancer when given intramuscularly to cattle 
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下载免费PDF全文 D. N. Q. Cunha C. L. del Rio B. L. Youngblood E. L. Ferris G. E. Geist Y. Ueyama L. C. Franz S. Mathur R. L. Hamlin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(2):274-280
The goal of this study was to confirm the vasopressor and cardiac effects of POTENAY® INJETÁVEL (POT), a mephentermine‐based product, given to cattle with induced vascular/cardiac depression. Ten healthy Holstein cattle (206 ± 13 kg) followed a randomized‐complete‐block design (RCBD) utilizing crossover study design. Each animal randomly received (1 ml/25 kg, IM) of either POT (n = 10) or volume‐matched placebo control (0.9%NaCl, CP, n = 10). A subset of animals (n = 5) received POT first (day 0) while the remaining (n = 5) received CP; after a six‐day washout period, cattle received the opposite compound. Animals were anesthetized and catheterized for systemic/left ventricular hemodynamic monitoring. Myocardial dysfunction/hypotension was induced by increasing the end‐tidal isoflurane concentration until arterial blood pressure was 20% lower than at baseline and remained stable. Once the animal was determined to be hypotensive and hemodynamically stable, steady‐state hypotensive baseline data (BL2) were acquired, and treatment with either POT or CP was given. Data were acquired post‐treatment at every 15 min for 90 min. POT improved cardiac output (+68 L/min, ±14%, p < 0.05), MAP (+14 mmHg, ±4%, p < 0.05), HR (+22 bpm, ±8%, p < 0.05), and peak rates of ventricular pressure change during both systole (dP/dtmax: +37 mmHg/s ±13%, p < 0.05) and diastole (dP/dtmin: +31 mmHg/s, ±7%, p < 0.05). No improvements were noted following placebo‐control administration. Results indicate that POT improves cardiac performance and systemic hemodynamics in cattle with induced cardiovascular depression when given as single intramuscular injection. 相似文献
20.
Cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of intravenous or epidural methadone in conscious dogs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 B. H. B. Vieira L. T. Nishimura L. L. Carvalho A. Auckburally E. Mattos‐Junior 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2017,40(6):e65-e68
Cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of intravenous or epidural methadone were compared. Six beagles were randomly assigned to group MIV (methadone 0.5 mg/kg IV + NaCl 0.9% epidurally) or MEP (methadone 0.5 mg/kg epidurally + NaCl 0.9% IV). Cardiopulmonary, blood gas and sedation were assessed at time (T) 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 480 min after drug administration. Compared to T0, heart rate decreased at T15–T120 in MIV (p < .001) and T15–T240 in MEP (p < .05); mean arterial pressure was reduced at T15–T60 in MEP (p < .01); respiratory rate was higher at T15 and T30 in both groups (p < .05); pH was lower at T15–T120 in MIV (p < .01) and T15, T30 and T120 in MEP (p < .05); PaCO2 was higher at T15–T60 in MIV (p < .01) and T15, T30 and T120 in MEP (p < .01); sedation scores were higher at T15 and T30 in MIV and T15–T60 in MEP (p < .05). At T120 and T240, sedation score was higher in group MEP compared with group MIV (p < .01) In conclusion, cardiopulmonary and sedative effects of identical methadone doses are similar when administered IV or epidurally to conscious healthy dogs. 相似文献