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1.
施氮量和比例对冬小麦产量和蛋白质组分的影响   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  
为了给小麦优质高产栽培提供依据,以强筋小麦品种济麦20为试验材料,采用二因素随机区组试验设计,研究了氮肥运筹对小麦植株性状、产量和蛋白质组分的影响.结果表明.株高、穗长、穗粒数均与产量呈正相关,其中穗长与产量相关显著(r=0.607*),在不同施氮量和底追比例处理问,株高、德长、千粒重、容重和产量均有显著差异.在施氮量150~300 kg/ha范围内,穗长、穗粒数和产量有随施氮量增加而提高的趋势,其中产量在处理间差异显著,以施氮300 kg/ha的处理产量最高.氮肥底施和追施的比例对籽粒产量有显著影响,在本试验中以底追比例5:5的处理产量最高.不同蛋白质组分对施氮的反应有差异,醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白和总蛋白含量均随施氯量的增加而逐渐提高.醇溶蛋白和总蛋白含量随追氯比例的增加而逐步提高.籽粒产量和蛋白质含量时底追比例的反应有一定差异.  相似文献   

2.
移栽密度和施氮量对宁粳3号产量及其构成因素的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
以宁粳3号为材料,设置移栽密度和施氮量试验,分析不同移栽密度和施氮量对宁粳3号单产及产量构成因素的影响。研究结果表明:(1)移栽密度和施氮量对单产有显著影响;330 kg/hm2施氮水平单产最高,300 kg/hm2施氮水平其次,360 kg/hm2的再次,270 kg/hm2的最低;移栽密度以基本苗45×104/hm2的单产最高,其次为22.5×104/hm2的。(2)增加移栽密度和氮肥用量能显著提高单位面积穗数和高峰苗数;施氮量和移栽密度过多或过少均不利于每穗颖花数、结实率、千粒重和成穗率的提高。(3)总颖花量的增加是提高超级稻产量的决定性因素;在足穗的基础上,培育大穗是提高总颖花量的主要技术手段;在适宜总颖花量的基础上提高千粒重和每穗颖花数是获得高产的保证。(4)本试验条件下,宁粳3号最适宜基本苗移栽密度是45×104/hm2,施氮量是330 kg/hm2。  相似文献   

3.
氮肥运筹对不同茬口强筋小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  
为了探讨不同茬口下施氮对强筋小麦籽粒产量和品质的最佳效应,以强筋小麦品种烟农19号为材料,研究了施氮量和追氮时期对不同茬口小麦籽粒产量及品质的影响.结果表明,施氮量和追氮时期对不同茬口下强筋小麦的籽粒产量和品质均有显著的影响.在0～240 kg/ha施氮量范围内烟农19号单位面积穗数、每穗粒数和产量随施氮量的增加而显著提高,且旱茬麦产量极显著高于稻茬麦,主要是提高了每穗粒数和千粒重.小麦籽粒蛋白质和面筋含量、沉淀值均随施氮量的增加而显著增加,旱茬麦的品质显著优于稻茬麦.在两种茬口下,烟农19号籽粒产量、蛋白质产量与施氮量均成二次曲线关系,稻茬麦在施氮量为251.26～280.24 kg/ha、旱茬麦在施氮量为281.03～303.02 kg/ha范围内籽粒产量和蛋白质产量可达到同步提高.拔节期和孕穗期追施氮肥可有效提高单位面积穗数、每穗粒数和产量,且籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量和沉淀值显著提高.本试验条件下,旱茬麦在拔节期至孕穗期、稻茬麦在孕穗期追施氮肥可同步提高强筋小麦籽粒产量和品质.  相似文献   

4.
为了解不同氮肥运筹处理对华北平原限水灌溉条件下冬小麦产量、水分和氮素利用效率的影响,在中国农业大学吴桥试验站限水灌溉(播种前灌充足底墒水,春浇拔节水和开花水)条件下,开展了6个不同氮肥运筹处理(157.5 kg N/ha全部做基肥;基肥88.5 kg N/ha 追肥69 kg N/ha;基肥157.5 kg N/ha 追肥69 kg N/ha;基施88.5 kg N/ha 追施138 kg/ha;226.5 kg N/ha全部做基肥;基肥157.5 kg N/ha 追肥138 kg N/ha)的大田试验。结果表明,限水灌溉条件下,不同氮肥运筹处理的冬小麦经济产量和产量构成因素(有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重)间无显著差异。冬小麦水分利用效率(1.78~1.87 kg/m3)和氮素生理利用效率(39.65~44.42 kg/kgN)随氮肥施用量加大呈下降趋势,而氮肥生产力则随施氮量增加而显著降低。冬小麦氮素转运量及其对籽粒的贡献率(%)均表现为叶片>茎鞘>穗颖。氮肥一次性基施处理的氮素转运量及其对籽粒的贡献率(%)在各氮肥运筹处理中均较高。在华北平原地区,施氮水平在157.5 kg N/ha且一次性基施,是限水灌溉冬小麦高产、高效、简化的适宜施肥方式。  相似文献   

5.
为了探讨不同茬口下施氮对强筋小麦籽粒产量和品质的最佳效应,以强筋小麦品种烟农19号为材料,研究了施氮量和追氮时期对不同茬口小麦籽粒产量及品质的影响。结果表明,施氮量和追氮时期对不同茬口下强筋小麦的籽粒产量和品质均有显著的影响。在0～240kg／ha施氮量范围内烟农19号单位面积穗数、每穗粒数和产量随施氮量的增加而显著提高,且旱茬麦产量极显著高于稻茬麦,主要是提高了每穗粒数和千粒重。小麦籽粒蛋白质和面筋含量、沉淀值均随施氮量的增加而显著增加,旱茬麦的品质显著优于稻茬麦。在两种茬口下,烟农19号籽粒产量、蛋白质产量与施氮量均成二次曲线关系,稻茬麦在施氮量为251．26～280．24kg／ha、旱茬麦在施氮量为281．03～303．02kg／ha范围内籽粒产量和蛋白质产量可达到同步提高。拔节期和孕穗期追施氮肥可有效提高单位面积穗数、每穗粒数和产量,且籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋含量和沉淀值显著提高。本试验条件下,旱茬麦在拔节期至孕穗期、稻茬麦在孕穗期追施氮肥可同步提高强筋小麦籽粒产量和品质.  相似文献   

6.
采用小区对比方法,在施氮量0～270 kg/hm2范围内,探讨水稻新品种盐粳219产量及品质对施氮量的响应,明确适宜的施氮量,为其优质高产施肥提供指导依据。结果表明,施氮处理中,随着施氮量的增加,盐粳219的株高、净光合速率、结实率、纹枯病的染病程度以及糙米率、精米率、整精米率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量呈增加趋势,成穗率、穗粒数、千粒重表现出降低趋势。施氮180 kg/hm2、210 kg/hm2、240 kg/hm2、270 kg/hm2处理分别比0 kg/hm2处理增产48.03%、52.91%、58.86%、63.71%,但稻米食味值分别较0 kg/hm2处理降低1.0、1.6、4.3、6.6分。兼顾产量与品质并结合大面积示范结果,建议滨海稻区水稻新品种盐粳219优质稳产栽培的适宜氮肥(N)量为180～210 kg/hm2,高产优质栽培的适宜施氮(N)量可增至240～270 kg/hm2<...  相似文献   

7.
：施氮水平对不同类型小麦产量和品质的影响   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12  
为了确定安徽淮北地区小麦超高产栽培的适宜施氮量,以强筋小麦济麦20、中强筋小麦烟农19和中筋小麦皖麦50为材料,在超高产栽培条件下,研究了施氮量对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响.结果表明,在基施有机氮42～56 kg/ha基础上,每公顷施氮量0～360 kg范围内,籽粒产量与施氮量呈极显著二次曲线相关.济麦20和皖麦50在施氮量300 kg/ha时籽粒产量最高,但与施氮量为240 kg/ha的处理差异不显著;烟农19则以施240 kg/ha氮素时籽粒产量最高.单位面积穗数和穗粒数随施氮量的加大均呈增加趋势,千粒重随施氮量增大呈下降趋势.籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀值、形成时间和稳定时间等品质指标均与施氮量呈显著线性正相关.在本试验条件下,淮北地区小麦超高产栽培的适宜施氮量为240 ～300 kg/ha.  相似文献   

8.
为明确节水栽培下冬小麦籽粒微量元素、蛋白质含量对施氮的响应及其调控效应,在大田限水灌溉条件下研究了施氮对高产冬小麦品种石家庄8号籽粒铁、锌、锰、铜含量、蛋白质及其组分含量的影响.结果表明,冬小麦一次性基施157.5 kg N/ha处理的籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和铁、锌、锰、铜含量均显著高于不施氮肥处理,在基施157.5 kg N/ha基础上追施氮肥,上述各指标的变化均不显著,过量施氮籽粒铁、锌、锰含量反而呈降低趋势.在本试验条件下,冬小麦一次性基施157.5 kg N/ha可以使产量、品质和资源效率得到最佳统一.  相似文献   

9.
姜灏 《北方水稻》2011,41(1):23-26
对2007～2010年水稻不同氮肥施用量试验结果进行汇总,结果表明:在一定的氮肥施用量范围内随着施氮量的增加水稻产量、单株分蘖率、穗粒数、稻米垩白率、蛋白质含量均呈增加趋势;千粒重、食味值随着氮肥施用量的增加呈下降趋势.不同年际氮肥的最佳施用量受气象条件影响明显.  相似文献   

10.
为了研究硫肥和氮肥配合施用对弱筋小麦产量和淀粉品质性状的影响,在大田条件下,设置了不同肥与硫氮肥配合施用处理,研究其对弱筋小麦品种豫麦50产量和淀粉品质性状的影响.结果表明,硫肥和氮肥对小麦产量有正效应,施硫显著提高了小麦成穗数,施氮显著提高了穗粒数和小穗结实率;施硫提高了直链淀粉含量,极显著提高了淀粉直/支比,氮肥对淀粉品质的效应与硫肥相反;硫肥、氮肥及其互作对淀粉品质性状的平均贡献率分别为12.72%、51.31%、35.98%,硫、氮配施对淀粉品质仍有正效应.处理组合中,在施氮量240 kg/ha条件下,施硫量为100 kg/ha处理的产量最高,施硫量为20 kg/ha处理的直链淀粉含量最低,施硫量为60 kg/ha处理的淀粉直/支比最低,分别为8 378.96 kg/ha、11.71%和0.2059.表明达到最高产量和最佳淀粉品质的硫氮配施量并不完全一致.  相似文献   

11.
The effects of nitrogen (N) fertiliser on grain size and shape, starch and protein concentration, vitreosity, storage protein composition, and alcohol yield of two winter wheat varieties contrasting in endosperm texture were studied in a field trial in Herefordshire, UK in 2004. Averaged across varieties, the alcohol yield was 439 L/tonne for grain with a protein concentration of 11.5 g/100 g. The soft endosperm wheat variety Riband produced on average 7.7 L more alcohol per tonne of grain at a given protein concentration than the hard endosperm variety, Option. At the same time, N fertiliser was shown to have significant effects on alcohol production through its major influence on grain protein concentration. Averaged over both varieties, there was a reduction in alcohol yield of 5.7 L for each 10 kg increase in protein content per tonne of grain. The starch concentration of Riband was 2.9 g/100 g higher than Option at a given grain protein concentration, supporting its higher observed alcohol yields. A low conversion of starch to alcohol in this study (6.30 L/10 kg starch) compared to the theoretical value (6.61 L/10 kg starch) indicated that there is potential for improvement of this character. The traits relating to grain size and shape were principally influenced by genotype, and were not influenced by N fertiliser. Conversely, there were only minor genotypic effects on grain protein concentration and vitreosity. An important finding was that there were no interactions between variety and N treatment for any of the variables considered, indicating that the response of the two varieties to changes in applied N was the same, resulting in consistent differences in starch concentration and alcohol yield between genotypes at different levels of grain protein. An analysis of the composition of the wheat storage proteins by size-exclusion chromatography showed that the gliadins increased on average by 0.56 g per g increase in total grain protein and were quantitatively the major protein fraction, suggesting that selection for low gliadin content may be a desirable means by which to reduce grain protein, and thereby increase alcohol yield in wheat. The relationship between alcohol yield per unit area and applied N rate was described by a quadratic function and the maximum alcohol yield per unit area was ca. 3630 L/ha. Statistical analysis suggested that the economic optimum rate of N applied for grain yield was close to the optimum N rate for maximum alcohol productivity.  相似文献   

12.
The protein, trypsin inhibitor (TI), tannin, phytate, phytic acid phosphorus and in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of cultivars of the African yambean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) — AYB, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) — PP and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) — CP were determined. The protein content of CP (24–28.0%) was higher than those of PP (21–22.5%) and AYB (21–22.5%). The cream and speckled AYB contained more TI (30.9 and 25.3 mg/g) than PP (7.5–14.1 mg/g) and CP (9.8–20.5 mg/g). Apart from the white CP cultivar, they contained more tannin (1.24–1.42 mg/g) than PP (0.14–0.97 mg/g) and AYB (0.71–1.17 mg/g). Phytate was lowest in the AYB (6.30–7.49 mg/g) than PP (8.31–11.31 mg/g) and CP (8.40–9.92 mg/g). Phytic acid contributed 67–74% of the phosphorous in the AYB, 66–75% in PP and 54–59% in CP. The IVPD of the AYB (73.3±0.7%) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than those of PP (76.34±0.2%) and CP (77.8±0.4%). There was a significant negative correlation between TI and IVPD (r=–0.63,p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between IVPD and phytate and tannin contents. There was a positive correlation between protein content and IVPD (r=0.69**) for the legumes under study. These legumes may pose no serious problems to populations consuming them especially when heat treatment is applied before consumption.  相似文献   

13.
Blends of vegetable proteins were prepared to improve the nutritive value of these proteins. Soybean flour, rapeseed protein concentrate, whole wheat flour, soybean 2S+11S extract, wheat albumin-globulin + glutenin (AG+G) functions, and some of their blends were compared to casein for protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC). Autoclaving (1 h) soybean proteins was also studied. Casein and rapeseed protein concentrate gave the highest weight gains and PER. Other protein sources gave lower values for both PER (P<0.05) and weight gain. The digestibility of all vegetable proteins was lower (P<0.05) than that of casein. PER of soybean 2S+11S extract was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of soybean flour. Autoclaving significantly (P<0.05) improved the PER of both soybean flour and 2S+11S extract. The ADC of autoclaved 2S+11S extract was similar (P<0.05) to that of autoclaved soybean flour and significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of 2S+11S extract. Soybean flour had the lowest (P<0.05) ADC. Heat treatment destroyed antinutritional factors, probably trypsin inhibitors and/or haemagglutinins of soybean. This was accompanied by improvement in the nutritional value of protein. The four blends were chosen on the basis of amino acid composition, chromatography of proteolyzates and nutritive value of each fraction. The PER of wheat albumin-globulin and glutenin (AG+G) blend was similar (P<0.05) to that of wheat flour and lower (P<0.05) than that of all other blends used. Wheat AG+G+rapeseed protein concentrate and wheat AG+G+soybean flour blends gave the highest (P<0.05) PER. Wheat AG+G improved the PER of 2S+11S extract and of soybean flour but decreased the PER of rapeseed protein concentrate. Wheat AG+G and wheat AG+G+rapeseed protein concentrate blends gave an ADC significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of wheat AG+G blend containing soybean flour of 2S+11S extract. However, blending wheat AG+G with either 2S+11S extract of soybean flour improved ADC.  相似文献   

14.
酵母双杂交技术研究NS3蛋白及其与CP，SP，NSvc4之间的互作   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用RT-PCR扩增水稻条纹病毒基因NS3,构建酵母表达载体,将其分别连接酵母诱饵载体pGBKT7与酵母捕获载体pGADT7,得到重组子pGAD-NS3和pGBK-NS3。自身毒性的实验结果表明,NS3蛋白对酵母细胞无毒性,其自身也没有自激活活性,不存在自身互作。将这2个重组子分别与水稻条纹病毒外壳蛋白CP、病害特异性蛋白SP、运动蛋白NSvc4两两共转化到酵母感受态细胞AH109中,转化产物涂布营养缺陷型培养基二缺、三缺、四缺平板,后经X-a-Gal染色观察,结果表明,NS3与SP的转化产物能在三缺平板上生长并在相应培养基中变蓝色,说明NS3与SP蛋白存在互作,该结果有助于进一步研究NS3蛋白的功能及彼此的互作在水稻条纹病毒致病机理上的作用。  相似文献   

15.
A modified wet method was developed to fractionate ground oat groats into 4 fractions enriched with beta-glucan (BG), protein, starch, and other carbohydrates (CHO), respectively. Effects of defatting oats and centrifuge force for separation were also investigated. Results show that, depending on the two factors, nutrient concentrations in the corresponding fractions ranged 28.53–44.84% (dry matter) for BG, 72.41–92.62% for protein, 79.13–81.69% for starch, and 37.47–42.16% for other CHO. Nutrient recoveries from each fraction were 39.82–51.20% for BG, 60.36–72.08% for protein, 77.04–87.25% for starch, and 24.87–29.68% for other CHO. For the protein fraction, defatting improved the protein content but did not on its recovery. For the starch fraction, the effect of defatting was just opposite, improving the starch recovery but not the starch content. Centrifuge force increased the BG content in the BG fraction when the defatted sample was used. The cumulative recovery of each component in the combined fractions was not affected by oil removal or centrifuge force. Overall, the wet method described was relatively effective in recovering the major nutrients from oats into their respective fractions, while it alleviated the problems of viscous slurry upon mixing ground oat groats with an alkaline solvent and the difficulty of slurry separation.  相似文献   

16.
In vitro protein digestibility, chemical composition and selected functional properties of flours and protein concentrates prepared from raw, fermented and germinated fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook) seeds were studied. Protein concentrates prepared by an alkaline extraction process had increased crude protein contents (61.5–70.8%) compared to flour samples (46.4–52.7%). The yields of protein concentrates ranged from 24.5% to 29.4% while values for protein recoveries varied between 64.8% and 65.2%. Protein concentrates also had increased foam volume and decreased foam stability (100% decrease over a 2 h period), compared to flour samples. Fermentation and germination were observed to significantly (p<0.05) lower polyphenol and phytic acid contents, but increased protein digestibility of fluted pumpkin seed flours and concentrates. Both raw flour and concentrate were significantly (p<0.05) higher in water absorption capacity than germinated or fermented flours and concentrates. Protein concentrates had comparatively better fat absorption properties than the flour samples. Hence protein concentrates may prove to have useful applications in ground meat formulations.  相似文献   

17.
用稀盐酸浸提菜籽饼粕进行脱毒、植酸提取及浓缩蛋白、分离蛋白制备。脱毒粕可干燥作饲料或经匀浆、离心分离和过筛的方法制取浓缩蛋白，制浓缩蛋白后的残渣再匀浆用稀碱萃取，调等电点沉淀出分离蛋白。总蛋白质提取率≥91％，制取的浓缩蛋白含蛋白质61％，硫甙低于0．4％，植酸低于1％；分离蛋白含蛋白质90％，硫甙低于0．03％，植酸低于0．5％。  相似文献   

18.
春小麦籽粒淀粉和蛋白质积累与底物供应的关系   总被引：19，自引：4，他引：19  
利用产量和蛋白质含量不同的三个春小麦品种,在盆栽条件下,研究了籽粒灌浆过程中淀粉和蛋白质积累与可溶性糖、游离氨基酸含量变化的关系。结果表明,开花后5～20 d三个品种籽粒可溶性糖含量急剧下降,对应时期的淀粉含量快速上升,后期当可溶性糖含量回升时,其相应淀粉含量下降或增加的幅度很小。籽粒游离氨基酸含量随着灌浆进程渐次降低,品种间蛋白质含量的变化与游离氨基酸的变化一致。所有品种淀粉积累速率变化呈抛物线型变化,高产中蛋白品种的淀粉积累速率最高。进一步认为,可溶性糖作为淀粉合成的底物向淀粉的转化可能更多地依赖于籽粒利用和合成能力的大小,而蛋白质积累更多地直接依赖供应源。  相似文献   

19.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):482-486
Abstract

We evaluated growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cultivated in pots with dark-red soil (pH 5.2), gray soil (pH 7.4) and red soil (pH 4.4) in Okinawa, Japan. The soils were collected from the 50-cm deep layer of the fields. We did not use any chemicals or organic fertilizers. Turmeric cultivated on dark-red soil had the highest plant height, root biomass and shoot biomass as compared with that cultivated on other soil types. Turmeric on dark-red soil had the highest yield with favorable color of the deep yellow and high curcumin content (0.20%). Protein content of turmeric in dark-red soil was 5.2%, which was around 40% higher than that in other soil types. Turmeric cultivated on dark-red and gray soils had a fat content 71% higher than that in red soil. The content of Ca, K and Mg was the highest when turmeric was cultivated on gray soil, and Fe was the highest when cultivated on dark-red soil. To gain a high yield and high contents of curcumin, fat, protein and Fe, we should cultivate turmeric in dark-red soil in Okinawa. We could not recognize the specific soil factor(s) required for high yielding and high quality of turmeric; however, it seems that a proper combination of soil factors, nutrients and/or pH level may be necessary to gain a high yield and high quality.  相似文献   

20.
施氮量对冬小麦籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量和比例的影响   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  
为研究高有机质土壤条件下施氮量对不同品质类型冬小麦籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量和比例的影响,以强筋小麦品种临优145和郑麦9023及弱筋小麦品种宁麦9号和宝丰949为材料进行了不同施氮量的试验。结果表明,增施氮肥可以提高籽粒蛋白质及其各组分的含量。总蛋白质、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量均随着施氮量的增加显著提高,N2处理较NO处理分别提高0．78、0．12、0．31和0．35个百分点;清蛋白含量也随施氮量的增加而提高,但不同施氮处理间差异不显著。强筋小麦和弱筋小麦贮藏蛋白含量差异显著,但可溶性蛋白含量差异不显著。随着施氮量的增加,品种间可溶性蛋白含量差异加大,但贮藏蛋白含量差异减小。氮肥施用量对小麦籽粒各蛋白组分在总蛋白中所占的比例影响不大．不同品种籽粒中各蛋白组分在总蛋白中所占比例受施氮量的影响也不同。  相似文献   

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