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通过4个放牧强度（轻牧、适牧、重牧和过牧,牧后草层高度分别为7.5、5.5、3.5和<2.0 cm）的轮牧试验,对黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)混播草地土壤化学特性;黑麦草分蘖和白三叶匍匐茎、叶片数及其茎叶构成,牧草高度、生物量与植被构成进行系统研究。结果表明,土壤速效养分含量对放牧强度响应较大,稳定性较弱。随放牧强度的增加,黑麦草分蘖密度和叶片生物量显著增加,黑麦草分蘖质量和白三叶匍匐茎密度及牧草高度和生物量显著下降;黑麦草叶片数,白三叶叶片数、茎叶比和匍匐茎质量在放牧强度间无显著变化。放牧强度在降低黑麦草和白三叶生长特性整齐度的同时,增加其可塑性生长;黑麦草对放牧强度的响应比白三叶敏感,但白三叶的可塑性生长比黑麦草的高。鸭茅（Dactylis glomerata）和非播种植物种的生长特性在放牧强度内变异系数较大。综合分析认为,放牧对草地植被的作用体现于植物个体、种群和群落3个水平,播种的低组分禾草（鸭茅）和非播种禾草是混播草地植被构成变化的关键种。 相似文献
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亚热带中山人工草地鸣茅种群及其分蘖丛数量性状的相关分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据单位面积和独立分蘖丛的调查与测定，分析了亚热带中山人工草地鸭茅种群及其分蘖丛的数量特征。结果表明，在开伦至乳熟期，种子田鸭茅种群的分蘖丛密度已经超过了环境容纳量，但分蘖密度尚未达到环境容纳量。 相似文献
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放牧强度对黑麦草/白三叶混播草地种群牧草量构成与年生产力的影响 总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1
研究了不同放牧强度下(轻牧、适牧、重牧、过牧),黑麦草/白三叶混播草地的牧草现存量,种群牧草量构成及年产量变化。随放牧强度增大,草地牧草现存量呈下降,牧草利用率呈增加趋势。放牧强度对黑麦草茎、叶生长具明显影响,对白三叶影响则较小;黑麦草绿色茎叶比随放牧强度增大而降低,白三叶茎、叶植物量分配主要受季节影响。适牧的黑麦草和白三叶种群牧草量呈线形函数变化,而轻牧、重牧和过牧则呈幂函数变化,各放牧强度黑麦草现存量均随白三叶牧草量的增大而增多。黑麦草种群和群落产量均为:适牧>重牧>过牧>轻牧;白三叶种群产量为:适牧>过牧>重牧>轻牧。随放牧强度增大,黑麦草组分相近,白三叶组分呈增加,杂草和死物质组分呈降低趋势。因此,放牧能提高白三叶组分,抑制杂草植物生长,降低混播草地凋落、枯死损失,增强黑麦草和白三叶种群生长的正效应作用;适度放牧利于混播草地中黑麦草、白三叶组分比的稳定,维持混播草地高生产力。合理的草地利用率是保持高产、优质草地的关键。 相似文献
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不同放牧强度下高寒甸矮嵩草（Koberesia humilis）无性系分株种群的地上... 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对不同放牧强度下矮嵩草无性系分株种群地上生物量的研究表明，随放牧强度增加，分株地上生物量、营养体和繁殖体生物量均随之增加。在放牧的各处理间，营养体和繁殖体地上生物量的分配比例无显著差异，与不放牧的对照相比，放牧改变了矮嵩草分株地上生物量的结构，营养体部分生物量的分配比例显著下降，繁殖体部分生物量的分配比例显著提高。每分蘖占分株总生物量的比例随时间和放牧强度的增加而减少。 相似文献
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放牧强度对伊犁绢蒿种群特征及其群落多样性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为探究放牧强度对伊犁绢蒿(Seriphidium transiliense)荒漠草地种群特征及其群落多样性的影响,2012-2014年连续3年采用野外取样和室内分析相结合的方法,对新疆昌吉市阿什里乡处于不同放牧强度下伊犁绢蒿种群特征及其群落多样性进行了研究。结果表明:随着放牧强度增加,伊犁绢蒿种群高度、盖度、生物量呈下降趋势,与对照比,放牧后分别降低了73.7%~90.9%,34.8%~95.9%,67.9%~98.1%;种群密度随放牧强度的增加呈单峰曲线变化,且在轻度放牧达到最高,较对照增加了63.4%以上;群落的Shannon-wiener指数、Pielou指数总体呈逐渐增加趋势,而Patrick指数呈先升后降再升高变化趋势。总之,随放牧强度的增加伊犁绢蒿种群特征逐渐向低矮、退化方向演替,适度放牧有利于群落结构稳定性的保持。 相似文献
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不同放牧强度下奶牛对多年生黑麦草/白三叶草地土壤特性的影响 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
本文作者在湖南南山牧场通过放牧试验研究了不同放牧强度下奶牛对多年生黑麦草／白三叶人工草地土壤物理和化学特性的影响。结果表明：放牧强度直接影响着多年生黑麦草／白三叶人工草地土壤的物理结构。随放牧强度增加，奶牛对草地土壤的践踏加剧，导致土壤紧实度增加，容重上升，通气性变差，含水量下降。放牧强度对土壤物理特性的影响随土层深度增加而减轻。土壤中全磷、速效磷、碱解氮和有机质随放牧强度的增加而减少，而全氮、速效钾则随放牧强度的增加而增加。土壤中各养分含量随季节变化波动很大。 相似文献
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认识不同放牧方式和放牧强度对草地的长期影响是持续管理草地系统的基础。在新西兰南岛中南部,对补播优良牧草的生草丛(tussock)草地组成在不同放牧方式(连续放牧、交替放牧和轮区放牧)×放牧强度(载畜率=1.9,3.0和 4.1羊单位/hm~2长期影响的监测表明:不同放牧处理,尤其是放牧强度对草地组成的影响远大于同一地区地形的作用。随着载畜率的提高,植被盖度下降。生草丛禾草盖度在轻牧下降低程度大于重牧条件下,说明其较补播牧草耐重牧,但轻牧下其竞争力弱。轻度放牧有利于鸭茅(Daetylis glomerata),白三叶草(Trifolium repens)和黄花茅(Anthanthum odoratum)生产能力的发挥;而黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和翦股颖(Agrostis capillaris)却在重牧下生长丰盛。但轮牧对鸭茅、黑麦草、毛雀麦(Bromus mollis)等的生长均有利。放牧、尤其是高强度的连续放牧有助于杂草鼠耳山柳菊(Hieracium pillosella)的侵入,促进草地的退化。 相似文献
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Lamb parasitism and performance were compared on three pasture treatments: browntop/white clover, Yorkshire fog/white clover, and ryegrass/white clover swards maintained at a sward height of 5cm in each of two years by using continuous variable stocking management. In year 1, lamb performance (both suppressively drenched (SD) and trigger drenched (TD)) was similar on ryegrass and browntop swards but was poorer (P<0.05) on Yorkshire fog swards. In year 2, lamb performance (both SD and TD) was markedly better on ryegrass than on Yorkshire fog or browntop swards. This coincided with an increase in white clover content in the ryegrass/white clover swards and a decrease in white clover content in the browntop/white clover swards. Lamb performance was related to the white clover content of the swards (R2=85.4, P<0.001 and R2=77.5, P<0.001 for SD lambs and TD lambs, respectively). Differences among pasture treatments in faecal egg count (FEC) of TD lambs were greater in year 2 than in year 1 when no significant pasture effects were observed. In year 2, FEC was lowest in lambs which grazed ryegrass/white clover, intermediate in those which grazed Yorkshire fog/white clover and highest in lambs which grazed browntop/white clover, despite herbage allowance (kg herbage mass/kg lamb mass) being greater on the browntop/white clover and Yorkshire fog/white clover swards than the ryegrass/white clover swards. Circulating antibodies to gastrointestinal parasites were measured at the end of year 2. Antibody titres were highest (P<0.05) in the plasma of lambs which grazed ryegrass/white clover swards, and lowest in lambs which grazed browntop/white clover swards due to differences in levels of antibody to (P<0.05) Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia circumcincta larvae and adults, but not Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae or adults. These findings indicate that pasture composition, especially, the proportion of white clover, can help alleviate the production losses due to gastrointestinal parasitism. This information can provide a quick and readily adoptable practice for farmers who aim to reduce drench reliance and could become a key component of any integrated parasite control programme. 相似文献
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以苜蓿(Medicago sativa)与鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)混播草地牧草为材料,按照90%苜蓿+10%鸭茅、70%苜蓿+30%鸭茅、50%苜蓿+50%鸭茅的比例进行青贮,通过分析对比发酵品质、营养成分、感官青贮效果等,以期优化最佳混合青贮的豆∶禾比例。试验结果表明:苜蓿和鸭茅混合青贮后,气味、质地、色泽感官评定均为优良,且pH呈下降趋势,青贮效果优于苜蓿和鸭茅的单独青贮。混合青贮降低了苜蓿青贮中氨态氮含量的36.4%,鸭茅青贮中乙酸、丙酸的含量明显下降;提高了苜蓿青贮中乳酸的含量,有效抑制了丁酸的产生,苜蓿+鸭茅饲草混贮比例为7∶3和5∶5处理结果未检测出丁酸。3个混合青贮组合的粗蛋白含量高出鸭茅单贮31.9%,酸性洗涤纤维低于鸭茅青贮12.6%。在青贮发酵过程中,苜蓿+鸭茅以7∶3比例混合青贮,有利于提高青贮饲料的发酵品质。 相似文献
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AIMS: To determine if sward height grazed by ewes in mid- to late-pregnancy affects subsequent indices of colostrum intake by twin and triplet lambs, and the extent of the variation in colostrum intake between twin and triplet litter-mates. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 75 twin and 46 triplet litters, respectively, 24–36 h after birth. Samples were not collected from lambs that died before this age. Lambs were born to ewes which had grazed one of four sward heights (2, 4, 6 and 8 cm) during mid- to late-pregnancy. Serum samples were analysed for gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities and glucose concentrations. The number of lambs present at weaning was used to determine lamb survival rate. RESULTS: GGT activities of lambs born to ewes that grazed swards 2 cm high were lower than those born to ewes that grazed swards 4 and 6 cm high (p=0.053 and p=0.037, respectively). Glucose concentrations were higher in twin than triplet lambs (p=0.003) and in lambs born to ewes grazed on swards 6 cm high than those born to ewes grazed on swards 2 cm high (p=0.033). These differences were not evident after correction for differences in birthweight. There was significant (p<0.001) variation within litter-mates for GGT activities and glucose concentrations in both twins and triplets. The blood constituent status of lambs that died before the 24–36 h collection period is not known. However, lambs which died after this period had significantly lower GGT activities (p=0.009) and glucose (p=0.010) concentrations at the time of sampling than those which survived. CONCLUSIONS: Farmers should ensure twin- and tripletbearing ewes in mid- to late-pregnancy are grazing at least 4 cm of herbage to ensure colostrum intake of lambs in the postpartum period is not adversely affected. 相似文献
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AIMS: To determine if sward height grazed by ewes in mid- to late-pregnancy affects subsequent indices of colostrum intake by twin and triplet lambs, and the extent of the variation in colostrums intake between twin and triplet litter-mates. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 75 twin and 46 triplet litters, respectively, 24-36 h after birth. Samples were not collected from lambs that died before this age. Lambs were born to ewes which had grazed one of four sward heights (2, 4, 6 and 8 cm) during mid- to late-pregnancy. Serum samples were analysed for gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities and glucose concentrations. The number of lambs present at weaning was used to determine lamb survival rate. RESULTS: GGT activities of lambs born to ewes that grazed swards 2 cm high were lower than those born to ewes that grazed swards 4 and 6 cm high (p=0.053 and p=0.037, respectively). Glucose concentrations were higher in twin than triplet lambs (p=0.003) and in lambs born to ewes grazed on swards 6 cm high than those born to ewes grazed on swards 2 cm high (p=0.033). These differences were not evident after correction for differences in birthweight. There was significant (p<0.001) variation within litter-mates for GGT activities and glucose concentrations in both twins and triplets. The blood constituent status of lambs that died before the 24-36 h collection period is not known. However, lambs which died after this period had significantly lower GGT activities (p=0.009) and glucose (p=0.010) concentrations at the time of sampling than those which survived. CONCLUSIONS: Farmers should ensure twin- and triplet-bearing ewes in mid- to late-pregnancy are grazing at least 4 cm of herbage to ensure colostrum intake of lambs in the postpartum period is not adversely affected. 相似文献
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为探讨超声波和重金属镉二因素对鸭茅（Dactylis glomerata L.）和冰草（Agropyron cristatum L.）种子发芽率、胚芽生长和生理活性的影响,设置五种不同时长的超声波处理两种种子,处理后的种子分别用不同浓度的氯化镉溶液进行处理,通过培养皿纸上发芽法培养20d。结果表明：单一超声波处理,均提高鸭茅种子的发芽率且在5 min时发芽率最高,冰草种子仅在超声波5 min的处理下发芽率提高;超声波时长为5 min时显著提高鸭茅幼苗中POD的活性;各超声波处理均使鸭茅幼苗中MDA含量增加。单一镉溶液处理均抑制鸭茅和冰草种子的发芽和胚芽的生长（除浓度为0.04%的镉溶液提高冰草种子的发芽率）;0.02%镉显著提高鸭茅幼苗POD的活性,镉溶液对鸭茅幼苗中MDA的含量无显著作用。超声波与镉溶液组合处理下,在0.05%的镉胁迫下,超声波处理10 min显著提高鸭茅和冰草种子的发芽率;当镉溶液浓度为0.01%时,各超声波显著促进鸭茅胚芽生长。综合来看,超声波处理可以有效减缓鸭茅和冰草种子的镉胁迫效应,提高种子和成苗活力。 相似文献
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中国野生鸭茅遗传多样性的ISSR研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
以宝兴鸭茅和国外安巴鸭茅品种为对照,用ISSR分子标记技术对四川、重庆、云南、贵州、新疆等地的32份野生鸭茅材料进行遗传多样性研究。试验筛选出引物12个,共扩增出多态性带88条,平均每个引物扩增的多态带数为7.3条,多态性条带比率(PPB)为83.18%,材料间遗传相似系数为0.692 0~0.926 0。这说明我国鸭茅具有较丰富的遗传多样性。根据研究结果进行了聚类分析和主成分分析,可将32份中国野生鸭茅材料分为五大类,同一地区的鸭茅品种(系)基本聚在同一类,呈现出一定的地域性分布规律。并对我国鸭茅种质资源的收集保存提出建议。 相似文献
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以32个鸭茅（Dactylis glomerata）品种（系）为研究对象,对其12个表型及产量相关性状进行研究分析,以期为鸭茅品种选育及改良提供参考。结果表明：不同鸭茅品种资源的表型特征存在广泛变异,其中以穗叶距变异最大,花序宽度和节间长度次之,而倒二叶宽度变异最小,品种内平均表型变异系数为26.71%（01472）~179.13%（金牛）。供试各性状间显著相关,叶片长而宽的鸭茅,植株高大,节间长,穗叶距长。主成分结果显示,前3个主成分累计贡献率达61.75%,反映了总体数据的大部分信息。隶属函数法分析表明,‘滇北’、‘Cristobal’、‘01472’、‘波特’、‘宝兴’、‘川东’在各供试鸭茅品种（系）中表现较优,是鸭茅新品种选育和改良的优异亲本材料。 相似文献
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天山北坡不同区域及海拔对天然草地鸭茅群落物种种间关系影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以天山北坡不同区域与海拔地段鸭茅群落主要物种为研究对象,采用邻接格子样方法测定鸭茅群落物种优势度,通过方差比率计算、χ2检验、联结指数即秩相关分析种间联结性,分析鸭茅群落主要优势物种在群落中的分布及优势物种鸭茅与其他物种之间的关系,探讨区域与海拔梯度变化对鸭茅群落物稳定性的影响。结果表明,1)东、西两段山地鸭茅群落主要物种种间联结性在海拔1800~2200 m间呈现出由正关联逐渐向负关联过渡,群落稳定性有随海拔升高呈逐渐减弱趋势。2)联结系数及联结指数结果均说明不同区域与海拔梯度对的鸭茅群落物种间的联结程度有一定影响,但均表现不强,而处于弱联结的较多或无联结,群落中各物种间较松散。3)鸭茅种群与群落内其他种之间的相关性有时呈正联结,有时呈负联结,这与区域与海拔地段所处的环境因素存在异质性有关。研究结果为揭示影响鸭茅群落物稳定性因素,预测鸭茅种群动态和种间竞争与共存机制提供重要的理论依据。 相似文献
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通过对青海西宁朝阳区高速公路网斜面护坡不同品种草坪的建植,总结斜面草坪在西宁地区的建植技术,并根据不同类型草坪评价指标的权重,对草坪的密度、质地、叶色、均一性、覆盖度、越冬力、草坪强度等7项指标进行了测定,结果表明:在西宁地区用紫羊茅+高羊茅+多年生黑麦草直播和草地早熟禾直播建植斜面草坪,在观赏和水土保持性能方面表现突出,可在西宁地区斜坡绿化地带推广。 相似文献