共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
植物乙醇提取物对美洲斑潜蝇寄生性天敌的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文研究了马缨丹（Lantana camara、飞机草Chromolaena odorata和蟛蜞菊Wedelia chinensis乙醇提取物以及机油乳剂对美洲斑潜蝇两种主要寄生蜂底比斯釉姬小蜂Chrysochairis pentheus((Walker）和丽潜蝇姬小蜂Neuchrysocharis formosa(Westwood)的影响，研究结果表明：供试的上植物乙醇提取物对美洲斑潜蝇上述两种寄生蜂的成、幼蜂无毒杀作用，对底比斯釉姬小蜂和丽潜蝇姬小蜂的寄生行为均无影响。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
美洲斑潜蝇外寄生蜂——贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂是为害多种农作物的几种潜叶蝇类害虫的重要寄生蜂。作为一种重要生物防治因子，在北美和西欧的一些国家和地区已经进行商品化生产，用来防治蔬菜及观赏性花卉上的美洲斑潜蝇和三叶草斑潜蝇。为了对其有一个较全面的了解。本文详细的论述了贝氏潜蝇姬小蜂的寄主范围。生物学，饲养繁殖及化学杀虫剂对其影响的进展。 相似文献
5.
潜蝇姬小蜂的寄生行为观察、扩繁与限制释放 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
潜蝇姬小蜂[Diglyphus isaea (Walker)]是寄生美洲斑潜蝇(Liriomyza satiuae Blanchard)的优势天敌,属膜翅目,小蜂总科,姬小蜂科,潜蝇姬小蜂属.最早的自然种群是在欧洲、北非和日本被发现,80年代被引入美国、加拿大和新西兰,以后世界各地也相继引种.中国农业科学院生物防治研究所1995年首次从荷兰引入该种蜂,目的在于控制90年代以来传入,在我国猖獗为害的美洲斑潜蝇.通过在检疫温室的饲养扩繁和小面积的隔离释放,我们对潜蝇姬小蜂的幼虫和成虫的寄生行为进行了观察,并开展了小规模扩繁和限制释放试验,其结果如下. 相似文献
6.
7.
在室内研究了豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂对4种寄主植物上美洲斑潜蝇2龄末-3龄初幼虫的选择性和寄生蜂子代生长发育及存活情况。结果表明,豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂雌蜂对不同寄主植物具有选择性差异,对菜豆选择性最强,对番茄选择性最低,斑潜蝇被致死率和被寄生率分别为96.1%、71.4%和73.4%、52.1%;在4种寄主植物上,寄生蜂对寄主的寄生数与致死数比值无显著差异。寄生不同寄主植物上斑潜蝇幼虫的豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂从卵发育到成虫的历期存在差异,在黄瓜上历期最长,为10.21d;寄生蜂蛹期稍短于卵期与幼虫期之和;但寄生不同寄主植物上斑潜蝇幼虫的寄生蜂卵孵化率、幼虫存活率、羽化率无显著差异。 相似文献
8.
9.
豌豆彩潜蝇Chromatomyia horticola是我国重要的潜叶蝇类蔬菜害虫,寄生蜂是其重要的天敌。2018年7月,豌豆彩潜蝇首次在西藏地区被发现。为探明西藏地区豌豆彩潜蝇的发生情况及其天敌寄生蜂种类,于2018年-2019年对西藏拉萨、林芝、山南、日喀则4个地区进行了调查采样。结果表明,豌豆彩潜蝇在西藏地区发生程度中等,为害等级达Ⅲ级。调查到被其为害的寄主植物为5科7属7种,主要嗜好菊科和豆科植物。豌豆彩潜蝇的寄生蜂种类包括3科8属12种,其中优势种为豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea、双斑潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus bimaculatus和西伯利亚离颚茧蜂Dacnusa sibirica,分别占总羽化寄生蜂个体数的35.71%、28.18%和21.01%,豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂主要来自寄主植物豌豆,双斑潜蝇姬小蜂和西伯利亚离颚茧蜂的发生期最长,7月-9月均有发生。同期,我们在西藏调查发现了入侵种南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis,为此,本文还讨论了西藏地区豌豆彩潜蝇和南美斑潜蝇的寄生蜂种类组成差异和寄生蜂的控害特性及控害效应,以期为制定生态调控和绿色防... 相似文献
10.
山东省泰安地区美洲斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂消长规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近3年以来，笔者对山东省美洲斑潜蝇及其寄生蜂种群的季节性消长规律进行了研究。结果表明，美洲斑潜蝇在泰安灌庄菜区露地栽培蔬菜上于7月中旬，8月中旬至9月中旬出现两个发生高峰，寄生峰的种群高峰则在7月下旬和9月末。春末夏季 初以异角姬小蜂Hemiptarsenus varicornis(Girault)为主，随着时间推移，逐渐以丽潜蝇姬小Neochrysocharis formosa Westwood和绿凹面姬小蜂Chrysochauis pentheus(Ualker)为主。在寄生蜂发生盛期，应注意保护利用。 相似文献
11.
The acaricidal activities of paeonol (2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone) and benzoic acid identified in the root bark of tree peony, Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, against copra mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), adults were examined using direct contact and vapour phase toxicity bioassays and compared with those of cinnamyl acetate, cinnamyl alcohol and 37 monoterpenoids as well as the acaricides benzyl benzoate, dibutyl phthalate and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). Based on LD(50) values in fabric piece contact toxicity bioassays, the acaricidal activities of benzoic acid (4.80 microg cm(-2)) and paeonol (5.29 microg cm(-2)) were comparable to that of benzyl benzoate (4.46 microg cm(-2)) but more pronounced than those of DEET (30.03 microg cm(-2)) and dibutyl phthalate (25.23 microg cm(-2)). In vapour phase toxicity bioassays, paeonol and benzoic acid were much more effective in closed containers than in open ones, indicating that the effects of these compounds were largely due to action in the vapour phase. As judged by 24 h LD(50) values, (1S)-(-)-verbenone (7.42 mg per disc) was the most toxic fumigant, followed by (1S)-(-)-camphor, (S)-(+)-carvone, (R)-(-)-linalool and (+/-)-camphor (10.45-18.18 mg). Potent fumigant toxicity was also observed with paeonol, (2S,5R)-(-)-menthone, (+/-)-citronellal, benzoic acid, (1S,4R)-(-)-alpha-thujone and (R)-(+)-pulegone (25.10-34.63 mg). Neither benzyl benzoate, DEET nor dibutyl phthalate caused fumigant toxicity. Paeonia root bark-derived materials, particularly paeonol and benzoic acid, as well as the monoterpenoids described, merit further study as potential acaricides or as leads for the control of T. putrescentiae. 相似文献
12.
Surveys to identify virus diseases affecting garlic ( Allium sativum ), onion ( Allium cepa ) and Persian leek ( Allium ampeloprasum var. persicum ) were conducted from 1999 to 2002. Surveys covered different regions of Iran (Tehran [different vegetable markets, farmer fields and cultivation areas], Noushahr, Chalous, Roudbar, Sari, Hamadan, Touyserkan, Ghazvin and Jiroft). A total of 2045 (1285 garlic, 525 onion and 230 leek) samples showing symptoms of virus infection were collected and tested by ELISA; and in some cases tests were also confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) for the presence of Allium viruses. ELISA results showed that the following viruses were detected: Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) (genus Potyvirus , family Potyviridae ), Garlic common latent virus (GarCLV), Shallot latent virus (SLV) (genus Carlavirus ), Garlic virus D (GarV-D), Garlic virus B (GarV-B) and Garlic virus C type (GarV-C) (genus Allexivirus ). None of the samples reacted with antibodies to Shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV) genus Potyvirus , family Potyviridae ), Shallot virus X (ShVX) and Garlic virus A (GarV-A, genus Allexivirus ). GarCLV, SLV, GarV-D, GarV-B and GarV-C are reported for the first time from Allium crops in Iran. 相似文献
13.
Barbosa LC de Alvarenga ES Demuner AJ Figueiredo R da Silva AA 《Pest management science》2003,59(9):1043-1051
Several new compounds with potential herbicidal activity were synthesized from 2alpha,4alpha-dimethyl-6,7-exo-isopropylidenedioxy-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one (4). Seven aromatic alcohols were prepared by reaction of (4) with aryllithium reagents, where the aryl groups were 4-ethoxyphenyl (5, 70% yield), 4-ethylphenyl (6, 82% yield), 4-butylphenyl (7, 78% yield), 4-tert-butylphenyl (8, 81% yield), 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl (9, 75% yield), 2-ethylphenyl (10, 12% yield) and para-(4-bromophenoxy)phenyl (11, 24% yield). Reaction of the acetonide (4) with Grignard reagents formed also four aliphatic alcohols where the alkyl groups are ethyl (13, 78%), butyl (14, 85%), hexyl (15, 81%) and octyl (25, 92%). The alcohols (5), (6), (7), (8), (13), (14), (15) and (25) were reacted with thionyl chloride in pyridine, forming their respective alkenes (17, 76%), (18, 74%), (19, 83%), (20, 73%), (22, 78%), (26, 62%), (23, 77%) and (24, 66%). The effect of these compounds, at the concentration of 5.5 microg g(-1), on the development of radicle and aerial parts of Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench, Euphorbia heterophylla L, Brachiaria decumbens and Desmodium tortuosum DC was evaluated. 相似文献
14.
介绍了有关农药对人体健康风险评估的基本原则及程序。农药对人体健康的风险评估被许多国家政府机构和国际组织用作农药登记评审和农药安全性评价的重要依据,其风险评估程序包括危害性鉴定、剂量-反应评定、接触评定和风险描述四个步骤。危害性鉴定主要是研究农药可能对人体健康产生的影响;剂量-反应关系主要是研究对农药的不同接触水平可能导致的相应的影响健康的程度;接触评定是研究人们从食物、饮用水和其他各种可能途径中接触到的农药量,其中包括:饮食接触评定、职业接触评定和居住环境接触评定;风险描述是将危险鉴定、剂量-反应评定和接触评定的结果进行综合分析,来描述农药对公众健康总的影响。 相似文献
15.
Crude toxins [toxin(V3450) and toxin(Vp28,) extracted from Lecanicillium (Verticillium) lecanii (Zimmermann) Gams & Zare strain V3450 and Vp28 respectively] were tested for contact toxicity, feeding deterrence and repellent activity against the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Both toxins showed ovicidal activity to eggs, with LC(50) values of 447 and 629 mg L(-1) respectively. Nymphs of B. tabaci were the most susceptible stages (LC(50) values were calculated at 111 mg L(-1) for toxin(V3450) and 216 mg L(-1) for toxin(Vp28)), and adults were the second most susceptible stages (48 h LC(50) values were calculated at 178 mg L(-1) for toxin(V3450) and 438 mg L(-1) for toxin(Vp28)). Applied to seedlings at a concentration of 400 mg L(-1), the toxins significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the hatching of whitefly eggs and the subsequent survival rate of the nymphs, and the emergence and fecundity of the progeny adults. Both toxins exhibited repellent activity at low concentration (100 mg L(-1)), with repellency index (RI) values of 0.645 for toxin(V3450) and 0.642 for toxin(Vp28), and antifeedant activity at high concentration (1000 mg L(-1)) to adults, with antifeedant index (AFI) values of 0.713 for toxin(V3450) and 0.749 for toxin(Vp28). The results of the present study demonstrate the toxicity, repellence and antifeedant properties of the fungi metabolite toxins on B. tabaci, which might develop as environmentally friendly plant protectant(s). 相似文献
16.
The effects of the natural phytochemicals trans-cinnamic acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA) alone at concentrations of 1-25 mM and in 16 combinations (M: mixtures) on growth and aflatoxin B(1) production by Aspergillus flavus Link and A. parasiticus Speare were evaluated. Studies on growth rate and aflatoxin B(1) production were carried out in vitro in relation to a water activity a(w) of 0.999, 0.971, 0.955 and 0.937. Overall, CA at concentrations of 10 and 20 mM and FA-CA mixtures M3 (20 + 5 mM respectively), M8 (25 + 5 mM), M9 (1 + 10 mM), M10 (10 + 10 mM), M11 (20 + 10 mM), M12 (25 + 10 mM), M13 (1 + 20 mM), M14 (10 + 20 mM), M15 (20 + 20 mM) and M16 (25 + 20 mM) were the treatments most effective at inhibiting growth of the four species assayed. All strains were much more sensitive to all natural phytochemicals tested on growth rate at a(w) = 0.937. CA and the FA-CA mixtures M1 (1 + 1 mM respectively), M4 (25 + 1 mM), M5 (1 + 5 mM), M6 (10 + 1 mM), M7 (20 + 1 mM), M8 (25 + 5 mM), M9 (1 + 10 mM), M10 (10 + 10 mM), M11 (20 + 10 mM), M12 (25 + 10 mM), M13 (1 + 20 mM), M14 (10 + 20 mM), M15 (20 + 20 mM) and M16 (25 + 20 mM) completely inhibited aflatoxin B(1) production by all strains at a(w) = 0.999, 0.971, 0.955 and 0.937. Decreased aflatoxin B(1) levels in comparison with the control were observed with FA at 1, 10, 20 and 25 mM with the strains RCM89, RCM108 and RCM38 at a(w) = 0.971, 0.955 and 0.999 respectively. The data show that CA and FA can be considered as effective fungitoxicants for A. flavus and A. parasiticus in in vitro assay. The information obtained is part of an ongoing study to determine their application at the storage level. 相似文献
17.
Water and nitrogen(N) are generally two of the most important factors in determining the crop productivity. Proper water and N managements are prerequisites for agriculture sustainable development in arid areas. Field experiments were conducted to study the responses of water productivity for crop yield(WP_(Y-ET)) and final biomass(WP_(B-ET)) of film-mulched hybrid maize seed production to different irrigation and N treatments in the Hexi Corridor, Northwest China during April to September in 2013 and also during April to September in 2014. Three irrigation levels(70%–65%, 60%–55%, and 50%–45% of the field capacity) combined with three N rates(500, 400, and 300 kg N/hm~2) were tested in 2013. The N treatments were adjusted to 500, 300, and 100 kg N/hm~2 in 2014. Results showed that the responses of WP_(Y-ET) and WP_(B-ET) to different irrigation amounts were different. WP_(Y-ET) was significantly reduced by lowering irrigation amounts while WP_(B-ET) stayed relatively insensitive to irrigation amounts. However, WP_(Y-ET) and WP_(B-ET) behaved consistently when subjected to different N treatments. There was a slight effect of reducing N input from 500 to 300 kg/hm~2 on the WP_(Y-ET) and WP_(B-ET), however, when reducing N input to 100 kg/hm~2, the values of WP_(Y-ET) and WP_(B-ET) were significantly reduced. Water is the primary factor and N is the secondary factor in determining both yield(Y) and final biomass(B). Partial factor productivity from applied N(PFP_N) was the maximum under the higher irrigation level and in lower N rate(100–300 kg N/hm~2) in both years(2013 and 2014). Lowering the irrigation amount significantly reduced evapotranspiration(ET), but ET did not vary with different N rates(100–500 kg N/hm~2). Both Y and B had robust linear relationships with ET, but the correlation between B and ET(R~2=0.8588) was much better than that between Y and ET(R~2=0.6062). When ET increased, WP_(Y-ET) linearly increased and WP_(B-ET) decreased. Taking the indices of Y, B, WP_(Y-ET), WP_(B-ET) and PFP_N into account, a higher irrigation level(70%–65% of the field capacity) and a lower N rate(100–300 kg N/hm~2) are recommended to be a proper irrigation and N application strategy for plastic film-mulched hybrid maize seed production in arid Northwest China. 相似文献
18.
Potato virus Y (PVY) strains were originally defined by interactions with different resistance genes in standard potato cultivars. Five distinct strain groups are defined that cause local or systemic hypersensitive responses (HRs) in genetic background with a corresponding N gene: PVY(O), PVY(N), PVY(C), PVY(Z), and PVY(E). The nucleotide sequences of multiple isolates of PVY(O) and PVY(N) differ from each other by ≈8% along their genomes. Additionally, complete genome sequences of multiple recombinant isolates are composed of segments of parental PVY(O) and PVY(N) sequences. Here, we report that recombinant isolate PVY-L26 induces an HR in potato 'Maris Bard' carrying the putative Nz gene, and is not recognized by two other resistance genes, Nc and Ny(tbr). These genetic responses in potato, combined with the inability of PVY-L26 to induce vein necrosis in tobacco, clearly define it as an isolate from the PVY(Z) strain group and provide the first information on genome structure and sequence of PVY(Z). The genome of PVY-L26 displays typical features of European NTN-type isolates with three recombinant junctions (PVY(EU-NTN)), and the PVY-L26 is named PVY(Z)-NTN. Three typical PVY(NTN) isolates and two PVY(N) isolates, all inducing vein necrosis in tobacco, were compared with PVY-L26. One PVY(NTN) isolate elicited HR reactions in Maris Bard, similar to PVY-L26, while two induced a severe systemic HR-like reaction quite different from the quasi-symptomless reaction induced by two PVY(N) isolates. 'Yukon Gold' potato from North America produced HR against several PVY(NTN) isolates, including PVY-L26, but only late and limited systemic necrosis against one PVY(N) isolate. Consequently, according to symptoms in potato indicators, both PVY(Z) and PVY(NTN) isolates appeared biologically very close and clearly distinct from PVY(O) and PVY(N) strain groups. 相似文献
19.
分别测定了嘧菌酯、3种外源硒 (亚硒酸钠、硒代蛋氨酸和纳米硒) 对水体模式生物斑马鱼不同生命阶段的单一急性毒性,以及等毒性配比的二元混合体系的联合急性毒性,并分别采用相加指数 (AI) 法、毒性单位 (TU) 法和混合毒性指数 (MTI) 法对其联合效应进行了评价。结果表明:斑马鱼3个生命阶段对亚硒酸钠的敏感性 (以96 h-LC50 (致死中浓度) mg/L表示,其中mg指硒的质量) 顺序为:仔鱼(1.11 mg/L) >胚胎(1.48 mg/L) >成鱼(13.05 mg/L);对硒代蛋氨酸的敏感性:仔鱼(0.80 mg/L) >胚胎(1.03 mg/L) >成鱼(9.36 mg/L);对纳米硒的敏感性:成鱼(0.48 mg/L) >仔鱼(1.67 mg/L) >胚胎(4.32 mg/L)。除MTI法计算嘧菌酯与硒代蛋氨酸对成鱼表现为部分相加作用外,采用AI法、TU法和MTI法计算嘧菌酯与亚硒酸钠、硒代蛋氨酸和纳米硒对斑马鱼成鱼、仔鱼和胚胎的联合作用结果一致,均表现为拮抗作用。 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACT The SADIE (spatial analysis by distance indices) methodology for data analysis is a useful approach for quantifying the patterns of organisms (in terms of patches and gaps) and testing for randomness of the patterns. We investigated the interrelationship among key SADIE indices: index for distance to regularity for a data set (I(a)), a global measure of aggregation or clustering; the local clustering indices (v(i) and v(j)), scaled distances to regularity for each individual sampling unit; and the averages of v(i) and v(j) across all sampling units, which are additional global measures of aggregation. We demonstrated that v(i) and v(j) are mathematically related to I(a) and showed conditions when I(a) and mean local clustering indices give very similar results. Overall differences in average v(i) and Iv(j) I values, and between I(a) and these averages, decreased with increasing size of the sampling grid in a simulation study. This was because one component of v(i) and v(j) (iY)-a measure of the distance to regularity under randomness for a given location (not a given count)-was found generally to vary little with location, except for locations near corners of the sampling grid. Nevertheless, because distance to regularity for individual observed counts was location-dependent, and this location effect varied with the observed counts value as well, a new-scaled index for each count x location combination may be warranted. The implications of these findings on epidemiological research are discussed. 相似文献