共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
不同施氮水平苹果矮化中间砧幼树光合产物的周年分配利用 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
【目的】光合产物在树体内的利用、分配状况直接影响着果树的产量形成,是果树优质、丰产、稳产的重要因素。氮肥的不合理施用易导致树体C/N失衡,造成树体旺长或早衰,直接影响果树的产量、品质形成。因此,研究矮化中间砧苹果在不同氮水平下的光合产物利用、分配特性,为合理协调光合产物在树体内的利用、分配以保证果树稳健生长又及时成花结果打下理论基础。【方法】以生产上最常用的2年生烟富3/M26/平邑甜茶幼树为试材进行盆栽试验。设置不施氮肥(N0)、适宜施氮肥(N100)和过量施氮肥(N200)3个氮素水平,分别于春梢生长期、春梢停长期、秋梢生长期进行13C标记,标记72 h后取样,整株解析为叶、一年生枝条、主干、中间砧、根系,测定了其13C丰度,玉米素核苷(ZR),脱落酸(ABA),可溶性淀粉含量,并测定了叶面积和叶绿素含量。【结果】与N0相比,不同物候期适宜施氮肥(N100)和过量施氮肥(N200)处理均显著促进树体生物量的增加,提高叶片面积和叶绿素含量,N100处理对树体生长的促进作用随着氮肥施入时间的延长逐渐显现。春梢生长期和春梢停长期,N100处理细根生长量最高,其次是N200处理,N0处理最低;至秋梢生长期,N0处理细根生物量迅速升高至最高且显著高于N200处理。N0处理在不同生长期叶片淀粉含量均显著高于N100和N200处理。氮肥施入初期,叶片ZR含量为N200N100N0,施肥30天后,N100处理叶片仍保持较高的ZR含量,但N200处理ZR含量显著下降。氮肥施入初期各处理ABA含量无显著差异,随着生育期延长差异性逐渐显著,施肥后30天,N0处理的叶片ABA含量达到最高并保持较高水平至生长后期。不同施氮处理树体根冠比和光合产物分配规律在不同生长期差异显著。氮肥施入至春梢生长期,N100和N200处理根系13C分配率分别是N0处理的285.35%和217.98%,而N0处理树体会将更多的光合产物用于地上部生长;至春梢停长期N100和N200处理仍保持较高根冠比和根系13C分配率;至秋梢生长期,N0处理根系光合产物分配率升高,而N100和N200处理根系13C分配率分别降低至N0处理根系13C分配率的71.98%和41.26%,表明生长后期N0处理生长中心逐渐向根系转移。【结论】施氮水平对苹果矮化中间砧幼树生长及光合产物利用方式和分配规律的显著影响与玉米素核苷和脱落酸的合成变化密切相关。施氮通过促进ZR大量合成显著促使光合产物向根系大量分配,周年尺度上表现为树体根冠比和根系生物量显著升高,树体地上部快速生长。整个生长期内低氮条件下树体光合产物转化为淀粉在叶片中大量贮存是由ABA的合成差异所造成。 相似文献
2.
3.
通过盆栽试验对杉木幼苗进行13C同位素标记,并对杉木不同器官光合产物的分配进行研究,为木本植物的同位素标记与光合分配研究提供参考依据。结果表明,未标记杉木针叶、枝干的δ13C值随时间呈下降趋势,根呈现先下降后上升的趋势;标记后,杉木各器官δ13C值随时间呈现明显上升,达到高点后有一定下降。光合碳分配到杉木不同器官间的Atom%13C存在差异,大致呈现出当年生针叶最大,一年生针叶最小,根、枝干居中。13C标记使杉木针叶、枝干、根的δ13C由-25.185‰、-24.689‰、-25.326‰升为116.737‰、106.800‰、124.080‰。经过13C标记可获得富集13C的木本植物材料,可为研究土壤碳组分周转提供试验材料。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
14C-PP333在土壤及作物中的残留 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了^14C-PP333在小麦、水稻、芹菜中的残留。结果表明,^14C-PP333在作物中的残留水平随土壤中滞留水平的提高而提高。小麦籽粒残留水平为1.31 ̄0.75ppm,水稻籽粒为0.22ppm,芹菜为0.013 ̄0.032ppm。^14C-PP333在水稻植株中残留水平由高到低为穗梗〉叶〉茎〉谷壳〉根〉米;小麦为叶〉籽粒〉穗其余部分〉根〉茎;芹菜为叶〉根〉茎。施入^14C-PP33313个 相似文献
7.
长豇豆叶片^14C光合产物运转与分配的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
试验以两个蔓生长豇豆品种为材料,在不同时期不同叶位喂饲^14CO2,研究长豇豆叶片^14C光合产物的运转与分配规律。结果表明,长豇豆营养生长期,叶片的光合产物输出率较低(54.85%),生殖生长期,上,中,下叶位叶片的光合产物输出率均较高,平均为88.74%,且随着叶位的上升而增大。营养生长期,叶片的光合产物向上、下部器官运转,其中95%以上运转到茎叶,且运转到上部茎叶的光合产物稍多,根只获得少量 相似文献
8.
嘎拉苹果对春施15N-尿素的吸收、利用与分配特性 总被引:8,自引:9,他引:8
以7年生嘎拉苹果(Malus domestica)/平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis)为试材,研究了苹果对春季土施15N-尿素的吸收、利用与分配特性。结果表明,盛花期以细根的Ndff值最高,粗根次之;新梢旺长期和果实膨大期根部吸收的15N优先向新生营养器官运转;果实成熟期以果实中Ndff 值最高,新生器官Ndff值普遍高于贮藏器官;果实采收后 15N在粗根和细根中的Ndff值最高,地上贮藏器官次之,新生营养器官下降到较低水平,树体吸收的15N开始向贮藏器官回流、积累。不同物候期苹果吸收的15N各器官的分配率存在显著差异,盛花期15N优先分配在根系中;新梢旺长期和果实膨大期,根部15N的分配率不断下降,15N主要向新生营养器官分配;在果实成熟期果实成为新的分配中心;果实采收后15N向贮藏器官回流、积累,15N在树体内的运转随生长中心的转移而转移。春季土施15N-尿素可被树体快速吸收、利用,氮肥利用率随物候期的推移逐渐提高,采收后的当季利用率为27.540%。 相似文献
9.
在土壤一盒栽、盆栽微宇宙系统(Microcosm)中和田间条件下,研究了发光酶基因(luxAB)标记的华癸根瘤菌JS5A16L在紫云英根圈的定殖动态、分布范围及结瘤情况。在盒栽系统中,JS5A16L的定殖密度在紫云英出苗2天后达到最高水平(7.88 lpg cfu/克根)(cfu为colony forming unit的缩写),然后开始下降,并保持在一个相对稳定的水平;58天后又有所回升,且能散布至种子下方22cm处的根段部位。盆栽条件下的定殖动态与盒栽系统中的相似,紫云英播种3天后,JS5A16L可达最高定殖水平(6.92 log cfu/株根系),随后开始缓慢下降,直至32天时仍维持在一个相对稳定水平。JS5A16L在田间条件的定殖动态则不同,播种后30天时定殖密度达到最大值(7 .03 log cfu/克根),90天后降到最低值(5. 24 log cfu/克根),然后又开始上升,160天时为7.87 log cfu/克根,甚至在地上部植株收割后20天仍可维持在7.89 log cfu/克根。接种该菌株可显著提高紫云英的生物学产量。 相似文献
10.
11.
为了解棉花叶片光合产物在干旱环境下的运转分配规律,在防雨棚中设置不同水分条件对棉花进行了研究。通过利用14CO2在棉花的盛蕾期、盛花期对棉花下部主茎叶片进行饲喂,研究在严重胁迫(SS)、中度胁迫(MS)、以及对照(CK) 3个不同水分处理环境下14C光合产物在棉株下部“铃–叶系统”中的运转与分配特征。结果表明, 随着水分亏缺程度的加重,14C光合产物在标记叶中滞留量增加,向外输出量减少;所产生的光合产物向幼铃和根部输送的比率增加,向成铃与主茎生长点的分配比率下降。对纤维品质的测定结果表明,在棉花生长的前期,适当的干旱胁迫不会对纤维品质造成显著的影响。 相似文献
12.
Understanding photoassimilate allocation into the roots and the release of organic substances from the roots into the rhizosphere is an important prerequisite for characterizing the belowground C input, the spatial and temporal distribution of C, and the interactions between plants and soil microorganisms. Based on 14C phosphor imaging, we visualized the allocation of assimilates into Lolium perenne roots and estimated the life time of hotspots at the root tips. Lolium shoots were labeled in a 14CO2 atmosphere, and herbariums of roots and shoots were prepared 6 h, 2 d, and 11 d after the 14C pulse. The 14C distribution in roots and leaves revealed that pulse labeling does not yield homogeneously labeled plant material. The spatial distribution of assimilate allocation was evaluated based on the 14C specific activity expressed as digital light units (DLU mm–2) of the imaging plates. Areas with high relative 14C activity were classified as hotspots. Strong 14C hotspots were detected mainly at the root tips already 6 h after the 14C assimilation, and they remained active for at least 2 d. Eleven days after the 14C assimilation, the hotspots at the root tips disappeared and the 14C distribution was much more even than after 6 h or after 2 d. 14C phosphor imaging proved to be a promising tool to visualize the allocation of photoassimilates into the roots and the rhizosphere and can be used to identify hotspots and their dynamics. 相似文献
13.
The soil organic matter plays a key role in ecological soil functions, and has to be considered as an important CO2 sink on a global scale. Apart from crop residues (shoots and roots), left over on the field after harvest, carbon and nitrogen compounds are also released by plant roots into the soil during vegetation, and undergo several transformation processes. Up to now the knowledge about amount, composition, and turnover of these root‐borne compounds is still very limited. So far it could be demonstrated with different plant species, that up to 20 % of photosynthetically fixed C are released into the soil during vegetation period. These C amounts are ecological relevant. Depending on assimilate sink strength during ontogenesis, the C release varies with plant age. A large percentage of these root‐borne substances were rapidly respired by microorganisms (64—86 %). About 2—5 % of net C assimilation was kept in soil. The root exudates of maize were mainly water‐soluble (79 %), and in this fraction about 64 % carbohydrates, 22 % amino acids/amides and 14 % organic acids could be identified. Plant species and in some cases also plant cultivars varied strongly in their root exudation pattern. Under non‐sterile conditions the exuded compounds were rapidly stabilized in water‐insoluble forms and bound preferably to the soil clay fraction. The binding of root exudates to soil particles also improved soil structure by increasing aggregate stability. Future research should focus on quantification and characterization of root‐borne C compounds during the whole plant ontogenesis. Apart from pot experiments with 14CO2 labeling, it is necessary to conduct model field experiments with 13CO2 labeling in order to be able to distinguish between CO2 originating from the soil C pool and rhizosphere respiration, originating from plant assimilates. Such a separation is necessary to assess if soils are sources or sinks of CO2. The incorporation of root‐borne C (14C, 13C) into soil organic matter of different stability is also of particular interest. 相似文献
14.
春小麦花前~(14)C同化物分配与累积研究 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
研究结果表明:从花前标记到整个灌浆期,春小麦901 叶和鞘中14 C同化物分配率分别下降231 % 和78% ,陕229 下降了321% 和77% 。茎中14C 同化物分配率,901 增加了73 % ,陕229 增加了220 % 。从花前标记、灌浆到成熟,901 穗颖壳14C同化物分配率上升了122% ,陕229 上升了87 % 。在花后21d 前,两品种旗叶14C同化物分配率逐渐下降。花后35d 901 旗叶中14C 同化物分配率存在一个高峰,尔后又下降,比花前标记时下降42 % ;陕229 则一直下降,比花前标记下降45 % 。花后同化物转运,陕229 早于901 ,陕229 籽粒中14C同化物放射性相对高于901 。花前标记的14C同化物在901 中有45 % 转运到籽粒中,陕229 中有111 % 转运到籽粒中去。 相似文献
15.
采用14 C示踪方法研究了苹果不同砧木和砧穗组合植株对14 C 同化分配的影响。结果表明 ,矮砧及其嫁接植株的地上部分总干物质分配比例比乔砧及其嫁接植株高 1 4 %和 9 4% ,14 C 同化物分配比例高 1 9 2 %和 1 5 7% ;与乔砧相比 ,矮砧新梢、主干14 C放射比强度都较高 ;矮化中间砧红星新梢的放射性比强度是乔砧红星的 1 78倍 ,矮化中间砧段14 C存留量是相应乔砧植株干段的近 3倍 ,但矮化中间砧段上接口及其上部主干中并未有14 C 同化物积累。因此 ,矮化中间砧对同化物分配的影响并非简单的运输阻滞 相似文献
16.
水分亏缺对小麦碳同化物的动员与分配 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
利用14 CO2 对小麦花前光合标记 ,在开花灌浆全期通过对对照 (CK)、中度胁迫(MS)、严重胁迫 (SS) 3个水分处理试验表明 :在灌浆过程中 ,中度胁迫处理叶中花前14 C 同化物输出比例为 1 6 56% ,略高于对照和严重胁迫 ,收获时同化物滞留最少( 8 68% )。严重胁迫处理颖壳中14 C 同化物外运比例最高 ,为 8 70 % ,约为对照和中度胁迫处理的 2倍。 3种水分处理茎中同化物输出比例不明显。胁迫程度增加 ,旗叶中同化物输出比例和撤退量增加 ,籽粒对同化物调运速度与比例增加。表明水分亏缺促进了籽粒对花前叶、鞘、颖壳等“临时库”同化物的再动员以及对后期产量的补偿 相似文献
17.
The composition of root‐derived substances is of great importance for the understanding of processes in the rhizosphere. Therefore, methods allowing a comprehensive collection and chemical analysis of the organic root exudates are necessary. In this study, we compare different methods with regard to their suitability to collect and characterize root exudates. Because the percolation or water logging method failed to quantitatively extract root exudates, a dipping method was developed which allowed an almost complete sampling of coldwater‐soluble root exudates. By 14CO2 labeling of the shoots the composition of root exudates was found to be influenced by plant species and growth stage. In comparison to pea plants maize plants had a higher share of carboxylic acids and a lower share of sugars. Younger maize plants exuded considerably higher amounts of 14C labeled organic substances per g root dry matter than older ones. During plant development the relative amount of sugars decreased at the expense of carboxylic acids. The described methods are well suited for the elucidation of the influence of growth factors on root exudation. 相似文献