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1.
从渤海海泥样品中分离获得1株新型酯酶菌株,经鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌Bacillus licheniformis。所得的MP-2酯酶的最适作用温度范围50～70℃,在60℃表现出了最高活性,属于耐热酶;最适作用pH为10,属于碱性酶,其pH值作用范围比较窄;具有良好的热稳定性;金属离子Co2＋,Li＋对酶具有激活作用,Ca2＋对酯酶的活力没有显著影响,化学试剂SDS、EDTA及Tween-20对酯酶的抑制效果显著,对常见有机溶剂具有良好的耐受力;该酯酶对碳链长短不同的底物表现出不同的酶活。 相似文献
2.
以罗非鱼肠为原料,采用超声波辅助提取技术、电泳技术和层析技术等对罗非鱼肠道蛋白酶进行研究,结果表明:将鱼肠匀浆经超声波提取的粗酶液,用30%～70%的硫酸铵盐进行盐析、HitrapTM Q FF阴离子交换柱纯化及Sephadex G-100凝胶柱分离纯化,得到罗非鱼肠蛋白酶纯品,其比活为335U/mg,得率为32.8%;SDS-PAGE电泳为单一蛋白酶带,分子量为28ku。该酶最适pH为8.0～8.5,在pH7.0～9.0的条件下稳定;最适温度为37～42℃,热稳定性好;该酶的Km值和Vmax值分别为0.605g/L和9.407μg/min。金属离子Ag+、Pb2+对蛋白酶有完全抑制作用,Na+、K+对该酶无抑制作用。丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂能完全抑制该酶活性,胃蛋白酶抑制剂和脲素对该酶有一定抑制作用,EDTA没有明显抑制作用,DTT能激活该酶活性,该酶为丝氨酸蛋白酶。 相似文献
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采用紫外分光光度法测定栉孔扇贝（Chlamysfarreri）血淋巴中酯酶的活性，并研究底物、抑制剂、激活剂、温度、pH对酯酶活力的影响及酶的热稳定性。结果表明，栉孔扇贝血清与血细胞中均存在酯酶，且血细胞中的酶活力高于血清。血清与血细胞中酯酶的最适作用底物有所不同，血清中为α-醋酸萘酯，而血细胞中为α-丁酸萘酯。当以α-醋酸萘酯为底物时，血清中酯酶的最适温度为45℃，最适pH值为7．5；以α-丁酸萘酯为底物时，血清中酯酶的最适温度为40℃，最适pH值为8．0。以α-醋酸萘酯及α-丁酸萘酯为底物分别测定酶的热稳定时，酶活力变化相似，在20℃时活力最高，而后缓慢下降。栉孔扇贝血淋巴中酯酶属中温型中性酶类，低温下较稳定，底物专一性不强，血清中的酯酶可能来自血细胞，该酶在贝类的免疫防御中町发挥重要的作用。 相似文献
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大菱鲆肠道蛋白酶的分离纯化及性质的初步研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以大菱鲆肠道为材料,对大菱鲆消化生理中起重要作用的肠蛋白酶的分离纯化条件和理化性质进行了研究。经Tris-HCl缓冲液抽提,硫酸铵分级分离,DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析、Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤层析分离纯化,获得大菱鲆肠蛋白酶Ⅰ的电泳纯制品,并对该酶的性质进行了研究。结果显示:纯酶的分子量约为58kD。纯酶最适反应pH为9.0,最适反应温度50℃;pH稳定范围6.0~11.0,30℃以下酶活性稳定;Mn2 可激活大菱鲆肠蛋白酶Ⅰ,Cu2 、Zn2 、Ag 、Fe3 则对酶活性有抑制作用;巯基蛋白酶抑制剂显著抑制大菱鲆肠蛋白酶Ⅰ的活性,金属蛋白酶抑制剂对大菱鲆肠蛋白酶Ⅰ无影响。50℃、pH9.0条件下以双倒数作图法得大菱鲆肠蛋白酶Ⅰ催化酪蛋白水解的Km值为2.92g.L-1。 相似文献
5.
经过CM-纤维素批量层析、Separdex G-100柱层析、DEAE_纤维素柱层析等步骤,从凡纳滨对虾肌肉组织分离得到精氨酸激酶,经SDS-PAGE检测达到电泳纯,分子量约为40kDa.对该酶的性质进行分析结果表明,精氨酸激酶的最适作用温度为55℃,当温度高于65℃时,酶活力显著下降;pH 8时酶活力较高,低浓度的精氨酸对酶活力有促进作用,高浓度时表现抑制作用,而底物类似物精胺和氨基胍则对酶促反应表现出完全的抑制.NaCl,KCl对酶的活力具有促进作用,低浓度(10 mmol·L-1)MgCl2对酶活力表现出激活作用,而CuCl2与MnCl2则表现出完全抑制酶活力,CaCl2与ZnCl2在低浓度时对酶活力无明显影响,但是随着浓度升高,对酶具有抑制作用. 相似文献
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以奥尼罗非鱼肝脏为原料,研究加热法提取超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的工艺条件,丙酮沉淀回收酶法和HitrapTMQ FF阴离子柱纯化Cu,Zn-SOD,并对其酶学性质进行分析。结果表明加热法提取SOD时,在缓冲液中加入10mmol.L-1CuCl2,调节pH为5.6,65℃进行加热处理,可以提高SOD粗酶的稳定性和得率,其得率为57%,粗酶比活为(2580±6)U.mg-1。对酶的酶学性质研究表明纯化后SOD比活为(4895±2)U.mg-1,SDS-PAGE电泳为单一蛋白酶带,分子量为36ku,最大紫外吸收波长为265nm。该酶在pH6.0~9.0具有较好的稳定性,在75℃以下稳定,具有较好的耐热性。氰化钾、脲素、β-巯基乙醇、H2O2、对Cu,Zn-SOD具有明显的抑制作用;EDTA浓度小于3mmol.L-1时,对Cu,Zn-SOD活性有明显增强作用,EDTA浓度大于3mmol.L-1时,对Cu,Zn-SOD活性有抑制作用;DTT的修饰使Cu,Zn-SOD活性显著增加。为进一步研究和应用罗非鱼肝脏SOD提供了基础参数。 相似文献
8.
从山东省莱州海区自然发病的花鲈（Lateolobrax japanicus）体内分离到1株致病性鳗弧菌，经硫酸铵盐析、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow和Sephadex-G100凝胶层析等方法从其培养液中分离纯化了1种胞外蛋白酶。用SDS-PAGE电泳测得蛋白质的分子量为36.7kD，最适温度为50℃，对热不稳定，70℃15min完全失去活力；最适pH为7.0；1mmol/L的PMSF对酶活性无影响，部分金属离子如Cu^2 、Fe^2 、Fe^3 、Zn^2 对酶活力有抑制作用，而Ca^2 对酶有一定程度的激活作用，1mmol/L EDTA能完全抑制酶的活性，表明该酶是1种金属蛋白酶。 相似文献
9.
以罗非鱼源无乳链球菌为抗原,免疫新西兰兔获得高效价的多克隆抗体;以此多克隆抗体作为一抗,羊抗兔Ig G-HRP作为酶标二抗,建立无乳链球菌的间接ELISA快速检测法。采用棋盘滴定法确定抗原与一抗的最佳工作浓度分别为106 CFU/m L和1∶10 000;酶标二抗的最适工作浓度为1∶1000。病原菌检测灵敏度为每孔103 CFU。该方法标准化后具有快速、灵敏等特性,与海豚链球菌等其他常见水产病原菌无交叉反应;阻断实验中的阻断率达72.02%;交叉反应和阻断实验的结果显示该方法具有较高的特异性。将该方法标准化后检测了44株2007—2013年分离的罗非鱼无乳链球菌,阳性检测率为100%;对人工感染后死亡的30尾罗非鱼的脑组织进行检测,阳性检测率为100%;对人工感染后未死亡的20尾罗非鱼的脑,肝和脾组织进行检测,脑的阳性检测率为0%,肝的阳性检测率为25%,脾的阳性检测率为50%;表明该技术不仅能够检测已发病的罗非鱼,而且能够检测无症状的带菌罗非鱼,该方法的建立有助于快速准确地诊断由无乳链球菌引起的罗非鱼链球菌病。 相似文献
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Hongxia Liu Meiqin Yi Xueyan Shi Pei Liang Xiwu Gao 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(1):29-34
The substrate specificity of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in adult Carassius auratus fish and its sensitivity to carbamate insecticides were investigated in vitro. The results showed that the order of four
substrates hydrolyzed by brain AChE in C. auratus was acetylthiocholine iodide > β-methylthiocholine iodide > propionylthiocholine iodide > butyrylthiocholine iodide, and
the maximum velocity (V
max) of AChE hydrolyzing acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCh) was the highest among the four substrates, and the V
max values were 0.067 and 0.082 mmol min−1 mg−1 for male and female fish respectively. But their Michaelis–Menten constants (K
m) were the lowest, only 0.071 and 0.072 mmol/l respectively. Compared with other carbamate insecticides, the sensitivity of
brain AChE to carbofuran was the highest and the IC50 values were 1.04 × 10−6 mol/l for females and 1.17 × 10−6 mol/l for males. The inhibitory tendencies of eserine, methomyl, and aldicarb to brain AChE were very similar, and the percentage
inhibition increased with time at the concentration of 1 × 10−6 mol/l. The order of inhibition potential of the three inhibitors from the highest to the lowest was eserine, aldicarb, and
methomyl. 相似文献
12.
Jossiele Leitemperger Charlene Menezes Adriana Santi Camila Murussi Thais Lópes Maiara Costa Lygia Sega Nogueira Vania Lucia Loro 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(3):1005-1014
Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by metals causes various biochemical changes in aquatic organisms, and fish are recognized as indicators of environmental quality. Silver catfish were exposed to six concentrations of zinc (Zn): 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 mg/L for 96 h to determine the mean lethal concentration (LC50). The value obtained was 8.07 mg/L. In a second experiment, fish were exposed to concentrations of 1.0 or 5.0 mg/L Zn and a control for 96 h. Afterward, the tissues were collected for biochemical analysis. Lipid peroxidation, as indicated by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), decreased in the liver and brain for all Zn concentrations tested, while in the gills TBARS levels increased at 1.0 mg/L and declined at 5.0 mg/L. Zn increased protein carbonyls in the muscle of silver catfish and decreased it in the other tissues. The enzyme superoxide dismutase increased in both exposed groups. However, catalase did not change. Glutathione S-transferase decreased in the liver and increased in the gills (1.0 mg/L), muscle (5.0 mg/L) and brain (1.0 and 5.0 mg/L). Nonprotein thiols changed only in brain and muscle tissue. Zn exposure inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain at both concentrations tested, but did not change it in muscle. Exposure to Zn inhibited the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in the gills and intestine at both concentrations tested. Our results demonstrate that Zn alters biochemical parameters in silver catfish and that some parameters such as AChE and Na+/K+-ATPase could be considered as early biomarkers of waterborne Zn toxicity. 相似文献
13.
In this study, the acute toxicity of the pesticide methomyl on the topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) was evaluated using mortality and the activity of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) as endpoints. LC50 values were 1.228, 0.782, 0.538, and 0.425 mg/l at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure, respectively. Methomyl caused a sharp decrease in specific activity of brain AChE around 48% at concentrations between 0.043 and 0.213 mg/l. A reduction higher than 40% in liver GST activity at concentrations between 0.085 and 0.213 mg/l was found, whereas no significant effects were observed in intestinal GST. A significant concentration-dependent decrease of GOT activity was found after 24 h of exposure to the pesticide but not after 96 h. No significant effects on GPT activity were observed. These results indicate that at the concentrations tested, methomyl is acutely toxic to the species P. parva, causing mortality, neurotoxic effects, and changes in some hepatic enzymes. 相似文献
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J. Jebali M. Banni H. Guerbej E. A. Almeida A. Bannaoui H. Boussetta 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2006,32(1):93-98
The potential use of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and metallothionein (MT) responses as biomarker of organophosphorous (OPs)
and trace metal were assessed in fish Seriola dumerilli exposed to 0, 4, 6 mg/kg of malathion for 2, 7 and 13 days, and to 0, 50, 100, 250 μg/kg of Cd for 2 days. Brain AChE was
significantly inhibited after 2 and 7 days of malathion exposure, in a dose–response manner, but no inhibition was observed
after 13 days of exposure. When exposed to Cd for 2 days, S. dumerelli presented an increase in AChE activity at a concentration of 50 μg/kg, but a strong and dose-dependent AChE inhibition at
100 and 250 μg/kg. Cd treatment also caused a rapid increase in MTs concentration in liver, even at the lower concentration.
Our experiments indicate that the measurement of hepatic MT concentration and brain AChE activity in S. dumerilli would be useful biomarkers of OP and Cd exposure and/or effects. 相似文献
16.
Hai-Tao Wu Dong-Mei Li Bei-Wei Zhu Ying Du Xiao-Qian Chai Yoshiyuki Murata 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(2):303-311
An acetylcholinesterase was purified from the gut of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus by anion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme was purified 35.49-fold with a total yield of 7.73 %. The molecular mass of purified acetylcholinesterase was 68 kDa as revealed on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme displayed maximum activity at pH 7.5 and 35 °C with acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate. The enzyme activity appeared to be stable over pH 6.0–8.0 and up to 40 °C. It displayed an apparent Michaelis–Menten behavior in the concentration range from 0.1 to 0.8 mM with K m values of 0.62 mM for acetylthiocholine iodide and 2.53 mM for butyrylthiocholine iodide. More than 95 % of acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited by 1 mM eserine or 1,5-bis(4-allyldimethylammonium phenyl)-pentan-3-one dibromide (BW284C51), but only 19.1 % of the activity was inhibited by tetraisopropylpyrophosphoramide (iso-OMPA) at the same concentration. On the basis of the substrate and inhibitor specificities, the purified enzyme appeared to be a true acetylcholinesterase. Nevertheless, the purified acetylcholinesterase exhibited insensitivity to substrate inhibition phenomenon. Its biochemical properties were compared with those reported for different species. 相似文献
17.
为探究不同剂量的有机磷农药辛硫磷在24、48、72和96 h染毒后对鲫(Carassius auratus gibebio)肝微粒体中CYP3A酶活性、mRNA及蛋白表达的影响,采用半静态染毒法,设置辛硫磷空白对照组低、中、高浓度组(0.0825、0.165、0.330 mg/L),以红霉素-N-脱甲基酶(ERND)活性反映CYP3A酶活性,最后采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot法分别测定CYP3A-mRNA及蛋白的表达量。结果显示:辛硫磷能抑制CYP3A的酶活性并且下调CYP3A-mRNA的表达,72 h和96 h后,各浓度组中的mRNA的表达量相较对照组降低了50%以上。辛硫磷染毒后的CYP3A蛋白的表达量在各时间段中都呈现显著的剂量效应关系,在低、中浓度组间存在时间效应关系。结果表明,辛硫磷能作为一种抑制剂降低鲫肝脏中CYP3A酶活性、mRNA及蛋白表达量,其对蛋白表达抑制的剂量效应和时间效应影响更显著。 相似文献
18.
在水温(23±1)℃下,研究辛硫磷、敌百虫和甲苯咪唑等3种常用水产杀虫剂对大型溞的急性毒性。结果表明,敌百虫对大型溞24h和48h的半致死质量浓度分别为70.13μg/L和22.96μg/L,安全质量浓度为0.74μg/L;辛硫磷对大型溞24h和48h的半致死质量浓度分别为0.93μg/L和0.24μg/L,安全质量浓度为0.0048μg/L;甲苯咪唑对大型溞24h和48h的半致死质量浓度分别为104.31μg/L和27.56μg/L,安全质量浓度为0.58μg/L。3种杀虫剂对大型溞的毒性:辛硫磷敌百虫甲苯咪唑,均属于剧毒,在水产养殖过程中应谨慎使用。 相似文献
19.
G. Albendín J. M. Arellano M. P. Mánuel-Vez C. Sarasquete M. I. Arufe 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2017,43(2):455-464
The characterization of cholinesterase activity in brain and muscle of gilthead seabream was carried out using four specific substrates and three selective inhibitors. In addition, K m and V max were calculated from the Michaelis–Menten equation for ASCh and BSCh substrates. Finally, the in vitro sensitivity of brain and muscle cholinesterases to three organophosphates (OPs) was also investigated by estimating inhibition kinetics. The results indicate that AChE is the enzyme present in the brain, whereas in muscle, a typical AChE form is present along with an atypical form of BChE. Very low ChE activity was found in plasma with all substrates used. The inhibitory potency of the studied OPs on brain and muscle AChEs based on bimolecular inhibition constants (k i ) was: omethoate < dichlorvos < azinphosmethyl-oxon. Furthermore, muscle BChE was found to be several orders of magnitude (from 2 to 4) more sensitive than brain and muscle AChE inhibition by dichlorvos and omethoate. 相似文献