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7种茎叶处理除草剂对野燕麦的生物活性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用温室盆栽整株测定法,开展炔草酯、唑啉草酯、精噁唑禾草灵、甲基二磺隆、氟唑磺隆、啶磺草胺、异丙隆7种茎叶处理除草剂对野燕麦的除草活性评价。结果表明:15%炔草酯WP和5%唑啉草酯EC对野燕麦活性极高,ED_(90)分别为12.58和21.92 g/hm~2(有效成分,下同),约为各自推荐剂量的1/4和1/2,可作为生产中防除野燕麦的首选药剂; 69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵SC和30 g/L甲基二磺隆OD对野燕麦具有较好的防效,ED_(90)分别为47.59和14.76 g/hm~2,与各自推荐剂量相当,是生产中防除野燕麦的有效药剂; 70%氟唑磺隆WG和4%啶磺草胺OD对野燕麦活性一般,ED_(90)分别为63.03和28.36 g/hm~2,约为各自推荐剂量的2倍,可作为生产中防除野燕麦的备选药剂; 50%异丙隆WP对野燕麦活性较差,ED_(90)为7 610.39 g/hm~2,约为推荐剂量的7倍,不适合用于防除4～5叶期的野燕麦。 相似文献
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为明确看麦娘对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACCase)抑制剂类除草剂的抗性现状，在安徽省看麦娘发生严重的稻茬麦田共采集30个种群，采用整株生物测定法分别测定了其对精噁唑禾草灵、炔草酯和唑啉草酯3种ACCase类除草剂的抗性水平。另选择三甲苯草酮、啶磺草胺等7种茎叶处理剂针对发现的高抗种群AHCZ-2进行了生物活性测定，同时将5种药剂与异丙隆混用开展了田间药效评价。结果显示：供试30个田间看麦娘种群中，26个种群对精噁唑禾草灵表现为高水平抗性，占供试种群总数的86.67%,GR50值(有效成分，下同)在230.93～1755.54 g/hm2之间，抗性指数(RI)达12.58～95.66;21个种群对炔草酯表现为高水平抗性，占种群总数的70.00%,GR50值在147.18～1213.44 g/hm2之间，RI达11.93～98.36;19个种群对唑啉草酯表现为高水平抗性，占种群总数的63.33%,GR50值在107.63～614.18 g/hm2之间，RI达12.21～69.69；此外，采自相同地区的看麦娘... 相似文献
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抗精噁唑禾草灵的日本看麦娘ACCase基因突变 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确日本看麦娘抗性种群对精噁唑禾草灵的抗性水平及抗性产生的分子机制,采用整株水平测定法测定了日本看麦娘对精噁唑禾草灵的抗性水平,扩增和比对了日本看麦娘抗性和敏感种群间乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-Co A carboxylase,ACCase)基因的差异。结果显示,与敏感种群AH-7相比,抗性种群AH-25对精噁唑禾草灵的抗性倍数为33.82;AH-25种群ACCase基因CT区域2 078位氨基酸发生了突变,由天冬氨酸GAT突变为甘氨酸GGT;AH-25种群对炔草酯、烯草酮和烯禾啶产生了高水平的抗性,抗性倍数分别为35.66、38.64和29.14,对高效氟吡甲禾灵产生了低水平的抗性,抗性倍数为3.04,对精喹禾灵和唑啉草酯较敏感。表明ACCase基因2 078位氨基酸的突变可能是导致精噁唑禾草灵产生高水平抗性的重要原因。 相似文献
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为了明确恶性杂草野燕麦的萌发特性和化学防除技术,采用培养皿与盆栽相结合的方法,研究温度、光照、水势、盐胁迫、pH、土层深度对种子萌发的影响并评价麦田常用除草剂对野燕麦的除草活性。结果表明,野燕麦种子最适发芽温度为15~20℃。对光周期不敏感,全黑、全光照条件下均可正常萌发。当水势为-0.2~0 MPa时,发芽率可达80%左右,当水势降低至-0.8 MPa时,不能萌发。覆盖2~15cm的土层均可萌发,其中2~10cm土层中发芽率最高。适宜pH范围较广,在pH 5~9范围内,发芽率大于70%。耐盐胁迫能力较强,NaCl浓度160mmol/L时,发芽率大于50%。除草活性评价结果表明,炔草酯、唑啉草酯、精噁唑禾草灵、甲基二磺隆、氟唑磺隆、啶磺草胺对4~6叶期野燕麦均有较好防效,供试药剂防效高低排序为:炔草酯、唑啉草酯精噁唑禾草灵甲基二磺隆氟唑磺隆、啶磺草胺异丙隆。 相似文献
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为明确河南省部分地区的多花黑麦草Lolium multiflorum种群对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（acetylCoA carboxylase,ACCase）和乙酰乳酸合成酶（acetolactate synthase,ALS）抑制剂类除草剂的抗性水平和抗性机理,采用整株生物测定法测定采自新乡市和驻马店市的多花黑麦草种群对ACCase抑制剂类除草剂精噁唑禾草灵、炔草酯、唑啉草酯和ALS抑制剂类除草剂甲基二磺隆、氟唑磺隆、啶磺草胺的抗性水平,并对多花黑麦草ACCase和ALS靶标酶编码基因进行克隆及氨基酸序列比对,分析其靶标抗性机理。结果显示,与多花黑麦草敏感种群HNXX01相比,HNZMD04和HNXX05种群对6种除草剂均产生了抗性,HNZMD04种群对精噁唑禾草灵和啶磺草胺的相对抗性倍数分别为44.65和40.31,对炔草酯和氟唑磺隆的相对抗性倍数分别为11.91和11.93;HNXX05种群对精噁唑禾草灵和氟唑磺隆的相对抗性倍数分别为27.70和25.67。HNZMD04和HNXX05抗性种群的ACCase基因均发生了D2078G突变,2个种群的突变率分别为55%和70%;HNZMD04... 相似文献
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小麦田大穗看麦娘对精噁唑禾草灵的抗性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确小麦田大穗看麦娘对精噁唑禾草灵的抗性水平及产生抗性的机理,采用整株法测定了河南省小麦田大穗看麦娘种群对精噁唑禾草灵的抗性水平,以及细胞色素P450s抑制剂胡椒基丁醚(PBO)对精噁唑禾草灵的增效作用,并通过基因测序技术研究了其靶标ACCase基因的突变位点。结果显示:与敏感种群HN-06相比,抗性种群HN-05对精噁唑禾草灵的抗性倍数为52.2,其ACCase基因存在Ile-2041-Asn和Gly-2096-Ala位点突变;喷施PBO后,精噁唑禾草灵对大穗看麦娘的GR50值(有效成分)为5.4 g/hm^2,表现出明显的增效作用,与未喷施PBO处理的差异倍数为161.3。研究表明,抗性种群HN-05对精噁唑禾草灵已产生高水平抗性,该抗性的产生可能是由于其靶标基因突变和P450s介导的代谢增强同时导致的,即表现出了靶标抗性和非靶标抗性共存的现象。 相似文献
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几种除草剂对胡麻田裸燕麦(莜麦)、皮燕麦的防除效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文开展了唑啉草酯等7种除草剂对胡麻田裸燕麦、皮燕麦的防除试验研究,结果表明,在胡麻株高5~7cm,裸燕麦、皮燕麦3~5叶期施药,50g/L唑啉草酯乳油、108g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油、15%精吡氟禾草灵乳油、240g/L烯草酮乳油和10%精喹禾灵乳油有效成分剂量分别为90、145.8、315、432和90g/hm2时,药后45d对裸燕麦的株防效达95.39%以上,鲜重防效达97.21%以上,胡麻增产率在82.79%以上;50g/L唑啉草酯乳油、108g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油、15%精吡氟禾草灵乳油、15%炔草酯可湿性粉剂、10%精喹禾灵乳油和12.5%烯禾啶乳油有效成分剂量分别为90、145.8、270、135、90和412.5g/hm2时,药后45d对皮燕麦的株防效在94.66%以上,鲜重防效达96.13%以上,胡麻增产率在80.25%以上,各药在上述剂量下防治裸燕麦和皮燕麦后均对胡麻表现安全,可大面积示范推广。 相似文献
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八种除草剂对小麦田三种抗精噁唑禾草灵杂草的生物活性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为筛选能有效防除抗精噁唑禾草灵杂草的除草剂,采用温室盆栽法测定菵草(敏感S_w、抗性R_w)、日本看麦娘(敏感S_r、抗性R_r)、耿氏硬草(敏感S_y、抗性R_y)对精噁唑禾草灵的抗性水平,并研究了8种除草剂对这3种抗性杂草的生物活性。结果显示,3种杂草抗性种群对精噁唑禾草灵的抗性指数均大于33.7,已达高抗水平。3种杂草抗性种群均对同类乙酰辅酶A羧化酶类抑制剂唑啉草酯和炔草酯产生了11.6~56.5倍不等的高水平抗性。对部分乙酰乳酸合成酶类抑制剂产生了2.0~4.8倍的低水平抗性,氟唑磺隆对3种杂草抗性种群防效较差,GR_(90)为67.31~114.39g(a.i.)/hm~2;啶磺草胺仅对Rr种群防效较好,GR_(90)为4.67 g(a.i.)/hm~2;甲基二磺隆对3种杂草抗性种群防效均较好,但对Rr种群存在抗性风险,已出现2.0倍低水平抗性;磺酰磺隆对Ry和Rr种群防效较好;丙苯磺隆对Rr种群防效好。细胞分裂抑制剂氟噻草胺对3种杂草抗性种群防效均最好,在田间推荐剂量120 g(a.i.)/hm~2下可达90%以上的防效。 相似文献
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The activity of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl applied alone or in tank-mixture with different formulations of mecoprop or sulfonylurea herbicides was compared in a series of pot experiments using Avena fatua L. (wild oat) as a test plant. A logistic model was fitted to the results and dose–response curves of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl applied alone and in mixture with the broad-leaved weed herbicides were estimated using non-linear regressions. Tank-mixtures of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mecoprop or metsulfuron-methyl were antagonistic. In general, the activity of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl decreased with increasing doses of the broad-leaved herbicides. In mixture with 1200 g a.i. ha?1 mecoprop, doses of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl had to be increased by 60% to 130% (dependent on formulation) to obtain the same effect as when fenoxaprop-P-ethyl was applied alone. Both the active and the inactive isomers of mecoprop were involved in the antagonism, and the ester formulation of mecoprop-P was less antagonistic than the amine formulation. In mixture with the recommended dose of 8 g a.i. ha?1 of metsulfuron-methyl, doses of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl had to be increased by 20% to 110% to obtain the same effect as with fenoxaprop-P-ethyl applied alone. Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl did not lose activity when applied in mixture with recommended doses of chlorsulfuron, tribenuron and amidosulfuron. Antagonism of the sulfonylurea herbicides seemed to be related to the susceptibility of A.?fatua to these herbicides. 相似文献
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为明确高粱田主要杂草对HPPD抑制剂类除草剂喹草酮的抗性,采用整株生物测定法测定马唐Digitaria sanguinalis、稗Echinochloa crusgalli、狗尾草Setaria viridis、野稷Panicum miliaceum、反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus和藜Chenbopodium alum六种主要杂草的敏感种群对喹草酮的敏感基线,同时测定全国不同生态区高粱田中这6种杂草对喹草酮的抗性水平。结果显示,喹草酮对野稷、稗、反枝苋和藜的防除效果较好,GR50介于12.76～32.72 g (a.i.)/hm2之间,GR90介于68.04～193.54 g (a.i.)/hm2之间,对马唐的防除效果略低,GR50介于44.23～56.19 g (a.i.)/hm2之间,GR90介于472.26～849.24g(a.i.)/hm2之间。采自全国不同生态区高粱田的马唐、稗、狗尾... 相似文献
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SEYED AHMAD HOSSEINI MOHAMMAD HASAN RASHED MOHASSEL NIELS HENRIK SPLIID SOLVEJG KOPP MATHIASSEN PER KUDSK 《Weed Biology and Management》2011,11(2):64-71
Wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) is one of the most troublesome weed species in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Iran. Two bioassay experiments were conducted in order to study the response of wild barley and wheat to different herbicides and to study the efficacy of pre‐emergence (PRE), postemergence (POST), and PRE followed by POST applications of sulfosulfuron on wild barely. Moreover, the degradation of sulfosulfuron was studied by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The results showed that wild barley was highly tolerant to clodinafop‐propargyl and its dry weight was reduced by only 15%, compared to the control, at the recommended dose (64 g ai ha?1). Sulfosulfuron reduced the wild barley biomass by ≤50% at the highest dose (90 g ai ha?1) in the first bioassay but by not more than 20% and 12% at the recommended dose (22 g ai ha?1) in the first and second bioassay, respectively. Significant differences were found among the application methods of sulfosulfuron, with the POST application being the least effective method. In contrast to the POST application, wild barley was severely injured by the PRE application of sulfosulfuron, with an ED50 dose of 7.3 g ai ha?1. The degradation study showed that wild barley can metabolize sulfosulfuron that is applied POST, but at a lower rate than wheat. By 4 h after application, wild barley had metabolized 26% of the sulfosulfuron, compared to 46% by wheat. In conclusion, wild barley can metabolize the recommended dose of sulfosulfuron that is applied POST; thus, the PRE application of sulfosulfuron or other integrated methods should be considered for the effective control of wild barley in wheat. 相似文献
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Resistance levels and chemical control options of sterile oat (Avena sterilis L.) in Northern Greece
AbstractWhole-plant response experiments in pots and field experiments over two years were conducted to study the resistance levels and chemical control options of sterile oat (Avena sterilis L.) in typical wheat production areas of northern Greece. Data revealed high levels of resistance to the ACCase-inhibiting herbicides clodinafop-propargyl and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl in all sterile oat populations, noticeable levels of resistance of some populations to tralkoxydim and pinoxaden, and high susceptibility of four out of the five populations to the prepackage mixture [mesosulfuron?+?iodosulfuron]. The addition of chlorpyrifos did not improve the efficacy of all herbicides against the resistant populations, implying target-site resistance in the populations tested rather than resistance due to P450-mediated enhanced herbicide metabolism. These results indicated that all populations were at least four times more resistant to clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl and diclofop-methyl than the susceptible populations, but noticeable levels of resistance of some sterile oat populations to tralkoxydim, pinoxaden and the prepackage mixture [mesosulfuron?+?iodosulfuron] were also recorded. However, viable options for chemical control of this weed still exist. 相似文献
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为明确东北稻区稻稗Echinochloa oryzoides HJHL-715种群对五氟磺草胺的抗性水平及抗性机制,采用整株生物测定法测定稻稗种群对五氟磺草胺的敏感性,明确抗性种群的交互抗性和多抗性情况,研究3种细胞色素P450抑制剂对其敏感性的影响;并应用分子生物学方法进行稻稗的乙酰乳酸合酶(acetolactate synthase,ALS)离体活性测定、ALS基因序列分析及其表达量测定。结果表明:在东北稻区,五氟磺草胺对稻稗HJHL-715种群鲜重的抑制中剂量GR50为62.53 g/hm^2;稻稗HJHL-715的ALS基因序列中未发现氨基酸突变,其ALS离体活性与敏感种群的ALS离体活性无显著性差异,ALS基因表达量显著低于敏感种群。1-氨基苯并三唑(1-aminobenzotriazole,ABT)、胡椒基丁醚(piperomyl butoxide,PBO)、马拉硫磷3种P450抑制剂显著提高了稻稗HJHL-715种群对五氟磺草胺的敏感性,使其对五氟磺草胺的GR50由原来的62.53 g/hm^2分别下降到5.78、5.02、3.53 g/hm^2。表明东北稻区已经出现了对五氟磺草胺具有高水平抗性的稻稗种群,稻稗HJHL-715种群对五氟磺草胺的抗性很可能是由细胞色素P450介导的代谢增强所致。 相似文献
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MOHAMMAD HASSAN RASHED MOHASSEL AKBAR ALIVERDI HOSSEIN HAMAMI ESKANDAR ZAND 《Weed Biology and Management》2010,10(1):57-63
Optimizing the herbicide dose by the addition of adjuvants is an acceptable way to reduce the risk of side-effects from herbicides. Therefore, to detect a suitable adjuvant for diclofop-methyl, cycloxydim, and clodinafop-propargyl against littleseed canarygrass ( Phalaris minor ) and wild oat ( Avena ludoviciana ), six dose–response experiments were conducted. The treatments consisted of diclofop-methyl at 0, 112, 225, 450, 675, and 900 g ai ha−1 , cycloxydim at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 g ai ha−1 , and clodinafop-propargyl at 0, 8, 16, 32, 48, and 64 g ai ha−1 with and without the adjuvants of Frigate, olive oil, and castor oil at 0.2% (v/v) in order to control both littleseed canarygrass and wild oat. Tested herbicides performance was enhanced by all adjuvants against littleseed canarygrass and wild oat. The addition of Frigate and the vegetable oils had the lowest and the highest effect on the performance of all of the herbicides on both littleseed canarygrass and wild oat, respectively, which confirms the solubilizing nature of the cuticular waxes by vegetable oils. A comparison between the two vegetable oils revealed that olive oil exerted a greater control of littleseed canarygrass than did the castor oil. In contrast, castor oil exerted a greater control of wild oat than did the olive oil, which can be related to differences in the leaf surface micromorphology of the weeds. 相似文献
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为明确上海市水稻田千金子对乙酰辅酶A羧化酶 (ACCase) 抑制剂类除草剂的抗性发生情况及可能存在的抗性机制,在上海市千金子发生严重地区的水稻田共采集51个种群,采用单剂量抗性甄别法测定了不同千金子种群对3种ACCase抑制剂类除草剂的抗性水平,扩增和比对了靶标酶ACCase基因部分片段的差异。结果显示:在氰氟草酯105 g/hm2有效成分剂量选择压下,8个千金子种群标记为抗性种群,6个种群为发展中抗性种群;在噁唑酰草胺 120 g/hm2有效成分剂量选择压下,4个千金子种群标记为抗性种群,5个种群为发展中抗性种群;在精噁唑禾草灵62.1 g/hm2有效成分剂量选择压下,6个千金子种群标记为抗性种群,2个种群为发展中抗性种群。对15个抗性千金子种群靶标酶基因片段的测序发现,9个种群共发生了4种ACCase基因突变类型,分别为ACCase基因 1999 位点色氨酸 (TGG) 突变为丝氨酸 (TCG)、1999位点色氨酸 (TGG) 突变为半胱氨酸 (TGT)、2027位点色氨酸 (TGG) 突变为丝氨酸 (TCG) 以及2027位点色氨酸 (TGG) 突变为半胱氨酸 (TGT/TGC)。其中,5个抗性千金子种群ACCase 基因突变频率均大于60%。研究表明,ACCase抑制剂类除草剂抗性千金子在上海市部分地区发生已较为严重,ACCase 基因突变是导致不同千金子种群对该类除草剂产生抗性的重要原因之一。 相似文献
19.
BACKGROUND: Wild radish, a problem weed worldwide, is a severe dicotyledonous weed in crops. In Australia, sustained reliance on ALS‐inhibiting herbicides to control this species has led to the evolution of many resistant populations endowed by any of several ALS mutations. The molecular basis of ALS‐inhibiting herbicide resistance in a novel resistant population was studied. RESULTS: ALS gene sequencing revealed a previously unreported substitution of Tyr for Ala at amino acid position 122 in resistant individuals of a wild radish population (WARR30). A purified subpopulation individually homozygous for the Ala‐122‐Tyr mutation was generated and characterised in terms of its response to the different chemical classes of ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. Whole‐plant dose‐response studies showed that the purified subpopulation was highly resistant to chlorsulfuron, metosulam and imazamox, with LD50 or GR50 R/S ratio of > 1024, > 512 and > 137 respectively. The resistance to imazypyr was found to be relatively moderate (but still substantial), with LD50 and GR50 R/S ratios of > 16 and > 7.8 respectively. In vitro ALS activity assays showed that Ala‐122‐Tyr ALS was highly resistant to all tested ALS‐inhibiting herbicides. CONCLUSION: The molecular basis of ALS‐inhibiting herbicide resistance in wild radish population WARR30 was identified to be due to an Ala‐122‐Tyr mutation in the ALS gene. This is the first report of an amino acid substitution at Ala‐122 in the plant ALS that confers high‐level and broad‐spectrum resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides, a remarkable contrast to the known mutation Ala‐122‐Thr endowing resistance to imidazolinone herbicide. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
20.
吡氟酰草胺除草活性及对小麦安全性测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确吡氟酰草胺对我国黄淮海区域小麦田常见杂草的生物活性和对小麦的安全性,采用盆栽法测定了吡氟酰草胺在杂草苗前土壤处理和苗后早期茎叶处理2种施药方式下对小麦田常见17种杂草的除草活性及对济麦22、良星66和矮抗58三个小麦品种的安全性。结果表明:吡氟酰草胺在杂草苗前土壤处理和苗后早期茎叶处理中杀草谱基本一致,对阔叶杂草播娘蒿、荠菜和禾本科杂草早熟禾、碱茅、菵草、蜡烛草、棒头草和看麦娘8种杂草的防除效果好,土壤处理GR_(50)在15.96~75.95 g(a.i.)/hm~2之间,GR_(90)在65.27~253.83 g(a.i.)/hm~2之间,茎叶处理GR_(50)在10.47~89.15 g(a.i.)/hm~2之间,GR_(90)在90.20~429.37 g(a.i.)/hm~2之间;对猪殃殃、麦家公、麦瓶草和大穗看麦娘4种杂草防除效果略差,GR_(90)在577.98~2 486.76 g(a.i.)/hm~2之间;对节节麦、硬草、野燕麦、多花黑麦草和雀麦5种杂草的防除效果差或无效。该药对小麦安全性好,土壤处理和茎叶处理中,3个小麦品种在试验剂量下均生长正常,GR_(10)均大于3 200 g(a.i.)/hm~2,在小麦和播娘蒿等8种杂草之间的选择性指数均远远大于5.54。 相似文献