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1.
2008年7月1～15日,在广东省红海湾对虾养殖区域选取3口养殖84～98 d的高位池,对养殖水体浮游微藻和常规水质因子进行每天1次采样分析.共检出浮游微藻6门25种,其中绿藻10种,硅藻两种,甲藻7种,裸藻4种,蓝藻1种,金藻1种.浮游微藻细胞数量介于5.13×108～4.01×109ind/L,生物量为42.92～181.73 mg/L,数量多样性指数平均为1.01～1.30,生物量多样性指数平均为1.83～2.27.优势种主要是蛋白核小球藻和绿色颤藻,二者的优势度之和高达90%,控制着浮游微藻总数量的变动趋势.从各门藻类生物量对总生物量贡献多少来看,对虾高位池养殖后期是以蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门为优势类群而组成的浮游微藻群落结构. 相似文献
2.
低盐度养殖池塘常见浮游微藻的种类组成、数量及优势种群变动 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
于2007年9月至2008年1月在广东珠海地区对低盐度养殖虾池水体的浮游微藻进行全程周期性调查分析.结果共检出常见浮游微藻5门31属49种,其中绿藻13属22种,蓝藻9属16种,硅藻6属8种,裸藻2属2种,隐藻1属1种.优势种有13种,主要是蓝藻,有铜绿微囊藻( Microcystis aeruginosa )、圆胞束球藻( Coelosphaerium naegelianum )、卷曲螺旋藻( Spirulina spirulinoides )、假鱼腥藻( Pseudoanabaena sp . )、绿色颤藻( Oscillatoria chlorine )、拟短形颤藻( Oscillatoria subbrevis )、粘连色球藻( Chroococcus cohaerens )、点状平裂藻( Merismopedia punctata )和针状蓝纤维藻( Dactylococcopsis aciculari ).其次是绿藻和硅藻,有蛋白核小球藻( Chlorella pyrenoidosa )、多粒衣藻( Chlamydomonas.multgranulis )、角毛藻( Chaetoceros sp . )和新月菱形藻( Nitzschia closterium ).低盐度虾池养殖周期浮游微藻细胞数量为0.1×10 7～209.2×10 7 ind·L -1,多样性指数平均为2.5～3.2.浮游藻类的种类数、数量及多样性指数总体表现为养殖前期低后期高的特征. 相似文献
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《渔业科学进展》2017,(5)
2015年6–9月期间,对青岛市宝荣水产科技有限公司凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)工厂化养殖车间的6个实验池进行采样调查,分析了水体中微藻的种类组成、丰度、多样性和优势种演替特征,并结合养殖情况进行了讨论。共检出微藻5门28属49种(其中优势种14种),丰度范围为5.2×10~5–9.4×10~8 cell/L,生物量范围为1.23–208.00 mg/L,多样性指数范围为0.42–2.44。多样性指数低于0.9时,生态系统稳定性差,对虾易发病。不同养殖阶段微藻优势种种类不同,前期主要是绿藻门(Chlorophyta)、硅藻门(Bacillarionphyta)和部分甲藻门(Pyrrophyta)的种类,中、后期以蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)的微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)和颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)为主。对虾养殖密度显著影响微藻优势种演替,300 ind/m~2养殖密度(A1池)藻相稳定且以绿藻和硅藻为优势种,对虾生长良好;400–500 ind/m~2养殖密度(B1、C1和C2池)颤藻在中、后期演替成为绝对优势种,对虾易发病死亡。本研究为优化对虾工厂化养殖环境、指导养殖生产提供参考。 相似文献
4.
为研究宁夏地区夏季不同模式养殖池塘的浮游微藻群落结构特征,采集了当地棚塘接力养殖(PT)、稻渔种养(DY)、土池养殖(TC) 3种模式的池塘水体样品,分析了其浮游微藻群落组成及其与水质因子的相关性。结果显示,共检出浮游微藻5门27属,总数量为1.52×104~2.39×108 ind./L,生物量为0.16~97.78 mg/L,数量多样性为0.03~3.31,生物量多样性为0.29~3.58。不同模式池塘的浮游微藻群落结构差异显著。PT模式池塘的微藻群落无明显共性特征,蓝藻(Cyanophyta)、绿藻(Chlorophyta)和硅藻(Bacillariophyta)占优势情况均有出现,如拟鱼腥藻(Anabaenopsis sp.)、鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.)、颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)、盘星藻(Pediastrum sp.)、卵囊藻(Oocystis sp.)、小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)等;TC模式池塘的微藻优势属单一,分别以盘星藻、小球藻(Chlorella sp.)和微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)占优势;DY模式池塘的微藻多样性丰富,以小球藻、栅藻(Scenedesmus sp.)、盘星藻、卵囊藻、刚毛藻(Cladophora sp.)等绿藻和小环藻、菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.)等硅藻为优势藻。蓝藻生物量与水体中硝酸盐氮(NO3–-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO2–-N)、化学需氧量(COD)浓度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究表明,宁夏地区夏季温度高、光照时间长,池塘水体中C、N营养高,易形成以微囊藻、拟鱼腥藻等有害蓝藻优势种群;调控池塘水质时应将其作为关键控制点之一,防控有害藻华暴发而导致减产降效的不良状况发生。 相似文献
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澜沧江囊谦段夏秋季浮游植物群落结构初步研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
2011年夏季(6月)和秋季(9月)对澜沧江囊谦段的浮游植物进行初步研究。结果表明,澜沧江囊谦段浮游植物共计4门、57种(属);其中,硅藻门种类最多,为33种(属),占总种类数的57.9%;其次是绿藻门,为13种(属),占22.8%,蓝藻门10种(属),占17.5%,甲藻门仅检到1种,占1.8%。夏秋两季澜沧江囊谦段均以喜低温的硅藻为主,绿藻、蓝藻种类秋季多于夏季,甲藻仅在夏季出现。浮游植物优势种以硅藻为主,占75.0%,种类有尖针杆藻(Synedra acus)、普通等片藻(Diatoma vulgare)、舟形藻(Navicula sp.)、桥弯藻(Cymbella sp.)、曲壳藻(Achnanthes sp.)、异极藻(Gomphonem sp.)、颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)和席藻(Phormidium sp.)。浮游植物数量为13.26×104～375.59×104个/L,平均数量99.36×104个/L;生物量为0.0445～1.9972mg/L,平均0.4915mg/L。浮游植物数量和生物量均以硅藻最高,分别占总数量的61.2%和总生物量的71.3%。分析显示,各采样点浮游植物多样性指数、均匀度指数较高,均值分别为2.24、0.48;表明该河段浮游植物群落比较稳定,种类分布较为均匀,体现了贫营养型河流的特征,水域环境良好。 相似文献
6.
2006年10月对升金湖中的浮游藻类进行了调查,分析了浮游藻类分布规律及优势种的组成、浮游藻类多样性分布和浮游植物与环境因子的关系;利用多种多样性评价指数对水体的污染情况进行了评价.结果表明,升金湖有浮游藻类8门、101属、358种.浮游藻类的密度差异明显,介于81.7×104～6 427×104个/L,主要由蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻、甲藻、裸藻、隐藻、黄藻和金藻等组成,以蓝藻门的鞘丝藻、平裂藻和鱼腥藻,硅藻门的小环藻、针杆藻和直链藻,绿藻门的栅藻和盘星藻为优势种.各种评价指数显示,水体大部分区域的污染程度较为严重,整个湖泊属富营养化范畴. 相似文献
7.
2015年6-9月期间,对青岛市宝荣水产科技有限公司凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)工厂化养殖车间的6个实验池进行采样调查,分析了水体中微藻的种类组成、丰度、多样性和优势种演替特征,并结合养殖情况进行了讨论.共检出微藻5门28属49种(其中优势种14种),丰度范围为5.2×105-9.4×108 cell/L,生物量范围为1.23-208.00 mg/L,多样性指数范围为0.42-2.44.多样性指数低于0.9时,生态系统稳定性差,对虾易发病.不同养殖阶段微藻优势种种类不同,前期主要是绿藻门(Chlorophyta)、硅藻门(Bacillarionphyta)和部分甲藻门(Pyrrophyta)的种类,中、后期以蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)的微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)和颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)为主.对虾养殖密度显著影响微藻优势种演替,300 ind/m2养殖密度(A1池)藻相稳定且以绿藻和硅藻为优势种,对虾生长良好;400-500 ind/m2养殖密度(B1、C1和C2池)颤藻在中、后期演替成为绝对优势种,对虾易发病死亡.本研究为优化对虾工厂化养殖环境、指导养殖生产提供参考. 相似文献
8.
为了研究海河下游天津段浮游生物的分布特征,在海河下游七个区域共设置28个调查站位,于2013年5月、7月、9月对各站位表层水体的浮游动植物丰度、生物量进行采样调查和分析。调查期间共发现浮游植物117种,浮游动物20种,浮游植物的平均丰度为8.145×104cells/L,主要优势种为蓝纤维藻(Dactylococcopsis)、颤藻(Oscillatoria)、四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda(Turp.)de Bréb)、纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus),以蓝、绿藻为主;浮游动物的平均丰度为7.679×104 ind/L,主要优势种为近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus)、短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurum(Liévin,))、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)。 相似文献
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为摸清锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)与斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)混养池塘浮游植物种群结构的变化特征,于2018年3-11月对广州市番禺区十六涌3个养殖池塘中的浮游植物开展了逐月调查,并通过冗余分析(RDA)探讨了浮游植物与环境因子的相关性。结果表明,养殖池塘中共鉴定出浮游植物29种,主要由硅藻、蓝藻、甲藻、绿藻和裸藻5大门类组成,其中硅藻种类最多(19种),占浮游植物种类数的65.5%;其次是蓝藻,共5种,占浮游植物种类数17.2%;甲藻3种,绿藻和裸藻各1种。共出现优势种16种,主要为直舟形藻(Navicula directa)、奇异菱形藻(Nitzschia paradoxa)、柔弱菱形藻(Nitzschia delicatissima)、尖布纹藻(Gyrosigma acuminatum)、大角角藻(Ceratium macroceros)和小颤藻(Oscillatoria tenuis)等。浮游植物细胞密度介于2.56×103~189.2×103个·m-3,Shannon-Weaver多样性指数介于0.468~2.597。浮游植物与环境因子相关性RDA结果表明,营养盐、盐度和pH是影响养殖塘浮游植物种群结构的主要环境因子。 相似文献
10.
金海水库浮游植物调查及群落结构研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了了解和掌握金海水库水质状况,于2012年6月至2013年5月对金海水库水体理化指标及浮游植物的群落结构进行了逐月监测。采样期间共鉴定出浮游植物7门33属45种,其中绿藻门最多,15属24种;硅藻门次之,8属11种;蓝藻门、裸藻门、甲藻门、隐藻门和金藻门分别鉴定出4属4种、2属2种、2属2种、1属1种、1属1种。金海水库浮游植物数量变化范围20.1×104~335×104个/L,夏季最多,春季最少。浮游植物数量与环境因子相关性分析表明,水体中浮游植物数量主要受水温以及总磷浓度影响。优势度分析表明,金海水库浮游植物优势种有小球藻、肥壮蹄形藻、中型脆杆藻、微小色球藻等31种。金海水库浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度指数分别变化在1.29~3.52和0.38~0.82。金海水库水体浮游植物群落结构较为稳定,整体上以绿藻-硅藻型为主。金海水库水质总体为轻度污染。 相似文献
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虾池浮游微藻与养殖水环境调控的研究概况 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在对虾养殖过程中,虾池中的浮游微藻群落结构和对虾的健康养殖有着密切关系,一些有益微藻能调节水体溶氧量（DO）和酸碱度（pH）,吸收氨氮（NH4-N）和亚硝氮（NO2-N）等有害物质,有效地调控养殖环境。但一些能分泌毒素的微藻也会给对虾的健康生长带来危害。数量和生物量占微藻总量比例均较高的浮游微藻优势种对整个虾池微藻群落结构的稳定起着重要作用,主导着微藻群落的功能发挥。不同养殖模式、养殖季节、养殖地域以及养殖阶段虾池中浮游微藻的优势种类分布、多样性等群落特征有差异。浮游微藻群落中优势种的变动规律和虾池中各种环境因子的动态密切相关,环境因子的变动会影响浮游微藻群落结构的变动。文章综述了对虾养殖生产实践中浮游微藻群落结构和生态调控特征的研究概况,并对在养殖中构建优良微藻藻相的方法进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Wang Jingjing Zhao Wei Liang Yajie Han Yifan Wang Xingbiao Zhang Xiaoxia Ma Xiaomei Zhang Demin Huang Zhiyong 《International Aquatic Research》2017,9(1):71-80
Many reports have shown that the composition of the bacterioplankton community can serve as a biological indicator to evaluate the occurrence of shrimp diseases. However, the distribution, diversity, and function of planktonic actinobacteria in shrimp ponds are still poorly understood. In this study, a prototype of a 16S rRNA gene-based taxonomic microarray was developed and evaluated for monitoring of planktonic actinobacteria in shrimp ponds. The prototype microarray is composed of 30 probes that target ten dominant families of planktonic actinobacteria found in shrimp ponds. The specificity of the actinobacterial microarray was validated by a set of control hybridizations with 16S rRNA genes clones. The prototype microarray was subsequently tested with two seawater samples from ponds with diseased shrimp populations (PDS) and ponds with healthy shrimp populations (PHS). The actinobacteria hybridization profiles revealed a lower abundance of Microbacteriaceae and a higher abundance of Mycobacteriaceae in PDS than in PHS. The changes in planktonic actinobacterial communities were validated by pyrosequencing data. These results support the utility of the microarray for monitoring planktonic actinobacteria in shrimp ponds and aquaculture environments.
相似文献14.
Effects of a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis FY99‐01) on the bacterial community structure and composition of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei,Boone) culture water assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and high‐throughput sequencing 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ding Xin Wu Shu Miao Zhao Nan Peng Chun Ping Xu Jun Wang Yun Xiang Liang 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(3):857-869
In China, many commercial probiotics are added as water additives into shrimp culture ponds with no sediment. In these ponds, probiotics should have great effects on the bacterial community of culture water at different culture stages. However, the specific effects have not been clarified yet. In this study, the effects of applying the probiotic Bacillus subtilis FY99‐01 on the bacterial community of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture water at different culture stages were determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and high‐throughput sequencing. The water quality parameters, shrimp production, survival rate and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were also analysed. The results showed that application of probiotics improved the water quality by reducing the levels of pH, nitrite and soluble reactive phosphorus, whereas there was no significant effect on shrimp production, survival rate and FCR. Application of probiotics brought no obvious effect on bacterial α diversity while had effect on bacterial β diversity. In addition, probiotics brought different effects on the bacterial community structure at different culture stages, and the effects are stronger in the early and middle phase than in the late phase. Sequencing results demonstrated that probiotics could increase the abundance of Flavobacteria, whereas decrease the abundance of α‐Proteobacteria in the late phase of culture. Besides, principle component analysis results indicated that using probiotics also could increase the abundance of beneficial microalgae (Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta) and decrease the abundance of Vibrionaceae. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: A pelagic bacterial community structure was examined in experimental intensive shrimp culture ponds that have a shrimp–mangrove complex aquaculture system, an extensive shrimp culture pond and a mangrove area in Thailand by denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplified partial 16S rRNA genes. Bacterial community structure in the intensive shrimp culture ponds was distinguishable from that of the mangrove area. In the extensive shrimp culture pond, the bacterial community structure resembled that in the mangrove area, but bacterial abundance was as great as that in the intensive shrimp culture ponds. Among the intensive shrimp culture ponds, the bacterial community structure was different between a closed culture system and a shrimp–mangrove complex culture system. Moreover, the bacterial community structure in mangrove planted ponds was close to those in the intensive shrimp culture ponds when shrimp culture was conducted, but it was close to those in the mangrove areas without shrimp culture. These results suggest that intensive shrimp culture with shrimp feed input affects the bacterial community structures in pond water. 相似文献
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强降雨对粤西凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘微生物群落的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于强台风"莫拉菲"环流云系带来的持续强降雨天气前后(2009年7月14日和7月28日),对广东省茂名市电白县凡纳滨对虾半集约化养殖土池的水样和泥样进行调查,研究施用微生态制剂和未施用微生态制剂的虾池水体及底泥中的异养细菌、弧菌和芽孢杆菌的变化情况,并利用BIOLOGECO微板对水体和底泥的微生物群落代谢变化进行探讨。结果发现,定期施用微生态制剂的虾池水体和底泥中的细菌数量和微生物群落功能在强降雨前后基本保持稳定;未施用微生态制剂的虾池在强降雨后,水体的弧菌数升高,Simpson指数和McIntosh指数显著降低(P0.05),水体和底泥微生物群落对碳源的利用率变化明显。研究结果表明,与施用微生态制剂的虾池相比较,未施用微生态制剂的虾池在强降雨后,水体及沉积物环境波动变化明显,强降雨对其水域环境产生很大的影响。因此建议在对虾养殖过程中定期施用微生态制剂,并针对恶劣天气采取有效措施,以稳定虾池水体及沉积物的微生物生态。 相似文献
17.
John S. Rubright Jim L. Harrell Hoyt W. Holcomb Jack C. Parker 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1981,12(1):281-299
An experiment was performed to evaluate the responses of naturally occurring populations of plankton and benthos to applications of inorganic fertilizer and commercial marine ration in a shrimp grow-out facility near Angleton, Texas. Ten ponds were stocked with an average of 17,000 post-larval Penaeus stylirostris on July 8, 1980. Three of these ponds received fertilizer 19 days before stocking and again 7 days after stocking. Another 3 ponds were fed daily with Ralston Purina Experimental Marine Ration 20 beginning on the stocking day. Three other ponds received the 2 fertilizer applications and daily feed. One control pond was not given fertilizer or feed. Beginning 19 days before stocking and continuing for 14 weeks, samples were collected and quantitatively analyzed for chlorophyll, zoo-plankton and benthic organisms. Results indicated that fertilizer stimulates the production of chlorophyll and planktonic copepods. Planktonic rotifers varied independently of feed or fertilizer. Densities of planktonic polychaete larvae seemed to be related to changes in the populations of benthic adult polychaetes. The benthic community was dominated by polychaetes, harpacticoid copepods and nematodes. Polychaetes tended to be more abundant when feed was present. Harpacticoids and nematodes did not seem to be affected by experimental treatments. All benthos fell to very low densities after 50 days of the study. The best shrimp production occurred in feed and fertilized ponds, followed by feed only, fertilizer only and the control. Potential linkages between natural production and shrimp growth are discussed. 相似文献
18.
对虾养殖池塘微藻群落结构的调查与分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分别于2005年秋、2006年春对广东省湛江市东海岛的对虾集约化养殖池(高位池)、半集约化养殖池(土塘)及其引水渠中水体的微藻群落结构进行调查和分析。结果表明,在所调查的对虾池塘中共检出微藻47种,其中春季检出微藻28种,秋季检出微藻21种。主要优势种是颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)和啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa Ehr.)。微藻的多样性指数(H′)平均值为春季东南土塘2.29,东南高位池1.42,东山土塘1.12;秋季东南高位池2.14,东山土塘1.62,而2季节引水渠则处于0.92~3.72之间。对虾池塘微藻平均密度秋季高于春季。 相似文献