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为筛选出橡胶树白粉菌Oidium heveae Steimnann新的寄主载体,通过接种野生型拟南芥Col-0、突变体Sr1-4D及eds1,观察了橡胶树白粉菌侵染不同拟南芥突变体的过程,PCR扩增测序法验证相关致病基因,构建橡胶树白粉菌-拟南芥互作体系。结果表明,在Col-0、Sr1-4D叶片上面,橡胶树白粉菌产生部分菌丝后停止生长,不能形成典型的橡胶树白粉病症状;但能成功侵染eds1叶片,在叶片的正、背面有银白色辐射状菌丝,后期在病斑上出现一层粉层,表现橡胶树白粉病的典型症状。组织染色和显微观察结果显示,在突变体eds1叶片上橡胶树白粉菌完成了侵染过程。PCR扩增测序结果表明接种后突变体eds1叶片上及组织中病菌均为橡胶树白粉菌;使用橡胶树白粉菌3个致病相关基因作为靶标,验证了eds1和橡胶树上白粉菌基因组中的3个致病相关基因相似度均达到99%~100%。表明橡胶树白粉菌可侵染拟南芥突变体eds1。 相似文献
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为提升齐整小核菌Sclerotium rolfsii菌株SC64作为生物除草剂的应用潜力，解析植物对其的防御机制，通过比较6种生态型拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana(Col-0、Ms-0、Gr-1、Se-0、Tu-0和Wa-1)被菌株SC64侵染后病理特征、茎秆木质素水平以及抗病相关基因表达的差异，筛选出抗性最高和抗性最弱的典型生态型拟南芥，通过施加0.1 mmol/L外源水杨酸来验证其在拟南芥防御菌株SC64侵染过程中对木质素代谢及病理的调节作用，并比较分析6种生态型拟南芥水杨酸上游调控通路基因MPK4启动子区域的甲基化差异。结果显示，6种生态拟南芥中Col-0的木质素化程度最高，被菌株SC64侵染时木质素代谢通路基因CAD4和PAL3表达上调最显著，与其抗病能力最强相吻合，而Ms-0的病理表型和抗病能力最弱。外源水杨酸预处理使具典型抗性的生态型拟南芥Col-0受菌株SC64侵染后发病程度加重，木质素化程度减弱，同时木质素代谢通路基因MYB46、LAC17、PAL3和CAD4被菌株SC64侵染后的表达上调程度均显著减弱。另外，6种生态型拟南芥MPK4基因启动子区域CHH... 相似文献
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Tuija Pehkonen Janne Koskimki Kaisu Riihinen Anna Maria Pirttil Anja Hohtola Laura Jaakola Anne Tolvanen 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2008,72(4-6):146-150
An inoculation method for Exobasidium splendidum and Exobasidium vaccinii was developed on the dwarf shrub Vaccinium vitis-idaea. Using inoculated ramets, we investigated whether there are differences between V. vitis-idaea populations in the susceptibility to Exobasidium infections and whether the defence reaction of V. vitis-idaea is visible at a molecular level. Sixteen V. vitis-idaea clones from four populations were propagated in tissue cultures and the ramets were inoculated with E. splendidum or E. vaccinii fungi. The expression of three flavonoid biosynthetic genes (chalcone synthase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and anthocyanidin synthase) and the accumulation of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids were determined in response to E. splendidum infection. A pathogenesis-related (PR 4) gene was isolated and its expression was studied in host ramet leaves. To our knowledge, this was the first successful artificial infection reported with E. splendidum. Disease frequencies of the inoculated ramets were between 32% and 47% for E. splendidum and 33% for E. vaccinii, but below 10% in uninoculated control ramets. There were no differences in disease frequencies between V. vitis-idaea populations. Both symptomatic leaves and healthy leaves of diseased ramets showed activation of flavonoid biosynthesis at the gene level, whereas expression of PR 4 was observed only in symptomatic leaves. The increase of flavonoid biosynthesis in healthy leaves of diseased ramets may represent a general response to stress or a role in defence against the pathogen E. splendidium. Ability of V. vitis-idaea to defend chemically against Exobasidium fungi and the heterogeneity of genotypes, age, size, and growth rates in host plant populations might be reasons for the low infection incidence of Exobasidia in nature. 相似文献
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为明确南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita效应蛋白MiV901在其寄生过程中的生物学功能,通过构建MiV901基因的植物表达载体,利用根癌农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens介导的花序浸染法将其转化拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana,并采用室内人工接种法测定转基因植株对灰葡萄孢 Botrytis cinerea侵染及南方根结线虫寄生的影响。结果显示：经Southern blot检测,MiV901基因以不同的拷贝数插入到转基因拟南芥株系901-6、901-8和901-12的基因组中,且qPCR检测结果证实 MiV901基因能够正常表达。3个转基因拟南芥株系901-6、901-8和901-12叶部接种灰葡萄孢3 d后,叶片上形成的病斑平均直径分别为1.00、1.06、1.05 cm,比野生型对照扩大了9.9%~16.5%。相比野生型对照,转基因拟南芥株系901-12、901-6和901-8接种南方根结线虫2龄幼虫后根系上产生了更多的雌虫和卵块,雌虫数分别显著增加了45.4%、34.4%和23.7%,卵块数分别显著增加了51.2%、 46.3%和31.7%。表明异源表达MiV901基因能够抑制植物免疫,增加拟南芥对灰葡萄孢和南方根结线虫侵染的敏感性。 相似文献
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采用前期筛选出的对黄瓜枯萎病菌有较好拮抗作用的3株木霉菌,即哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum 809、拟康氏木霉Trichoderma pseudokoningii 886和棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum 525,利用盆栽试验,测定了木霉菌孢子不同类型施用对黄瓜幼苗生长、生理特性及枯萎病防效的影响。结果表明:哈茨木霉809、拟康氏木霉886、棘孢木霉525分生孢子和厚垣孢子对黄瓜枯萎病的盆栽防效均在66.81%以上,且以拟康氏木霉886厚垣孢子防效最高,达到81.46%。当黄瓜幼苗长至三叶一心时,3株木霉菌分生孢子和厚垣孢子处理的黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、根体积、叶面积、全株鲜质量均比CK显著上升,以厚垣孢子886的促进效果最显著,其株高、茎粗、根体积、叶面积、全株鲜质量分别较CK增加了85.33%、108.43%、235.29%、144.38%、272.32%。同时,3株木霉菌分生孢子和厚垣孢子处理的黄瓜幼苗叶绿素含量、根系活力、叶片可溶性糖含量、叶片可溶性蛋白含量也均比CK显著上升,厚垣孢子886的促进效果仍最显著,其叶绿素含量、根系活力、叶片可溶性糖含量、叶片可溶性蛋白含量分别较CK增加了97.47%、86.05%、172.49%、201.91%。 相似文献
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In Arabidopsis, abscisic acid (ABA) application can induce resistance by priming for callose deposition; this resistance is impaired in ABA-deficient and -insensitive mutants. In tomato, ABA-deficiency causes resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Here, we show that callose deposition after B. cinerea inoculation is weaker in the ABA-deficient sitiens tomato mutant compared to the wild type (WT). Inhibition of callose synthesis did not affect resistance in sitiens, but caused additional susceptibility in WT. These findings indicate that callose deposition is not part of sitiens defence responses that are effective in blocking B. cinerea and suggest that callose deposition only contributes to WT basal resistance. Furthermore, also in tomato callose formation is at least in part ABA-dependent. However, it seems that in contrast to Arabidopsis, basal ABA levels in tomato are sufficiently high to prime for callose deposition. 相似文献
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Hypericum perforatum L. produces hyperforins, a family of antimicrobial acylphloroglucinols; and hypericins, a family of phototoxic anthraquinones exhibiting anti-microbial, anti-viral, and anti-herbivore properties in vitro. To determine whether these secondary metabolites are part of the specific plant defense systems that are mediated by methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid, we used meristem cultures to assess the effects of exposure to exogenous application of these chemical elicitors. Levels of hypericins in plant tissue increased in response to both elicitor treatments; total hypericin levels increased as much as 3.3 times control levels when treated with 200 μ
methyl jasmonate for 14 days. Increased hyperforin concentrations were detected when plantlets were treated with 1 m
salicylic acid or 50 μ
methyl jasmonate. For assessing responses to a biotic elicitor, greenhouse-grown plant materials were inoculated with the plant pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Levels of hypericins increased twice as much as the control when inoculated with 1 × 104 spores per ml; higher doses of spores overwhelmed the plant defenses. The elevation of hypericins and hyperforin in response to chemical and biotic elicitors suggests that these secondary metabolites are components in the inducible plant defense responses of H. perforatum. 相似文献
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为明确广谱性抗病毒基因—酵母pac1基因对葡萄B病毒(Grapevine virus B,GVB)的抗性效果,通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化,将pac1基因导入西方烟37B,对转基因植株进行PCR鉴定及Southern blot分析,通过病毒摩擦接种观察症状以及实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测植株体内病毒含量,并对转基因植株抗病性进行初步鉴定。结果表明,目的基因pac1成功导入并整合至西方烟37B基因组,共获得10个转基因株系。不同株系的T1代烟草中阳性植株比例为16.7%~72.7%,表明目的基因可成功遗传到子代。接种病毒后转基因植株普遍延迟发病,但后期症状与非转基因对照相似,其中仅1个转基因株系B6具有不表现典型症状等抗性反应。接种植株病毒含量检测中,所有转基因植株均检测到病毒存在,但表现为抗病的B6株系中病毒含量显著低于非转基因对照,表明该转基因植株虽不能完全抵抗GVB侵染,但对GVB具有耐病性。 相似文献
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为明确IDD家族IDD4基因在拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana抵抗灰葡萄孢菌Botrytis cinerea侵染过程中的作用,通过统计病情指数检测拟南芥野生型（wild type,WT）植株、过表达植株IDD4-OE和缺失突变体idd4植株感染灰葡萄孢菌情况,利用组织染色检测叶片细胞死亡和H2O2的积累情况,采用实时荧光定量PCR（real-time quantitative-PT-PCR,qRT-PCR）技术分析灰葡萄孢菌肌动蛋白基因Bc. ACTIN在3种植株叶片中的表达情况,并施加0.1 mmol/L外源水杨酸（salicylic acid,SA）后测定IDD4-OE植株的病情指数。结果显示,不同株系对灰葡萄孢菌的抗性由高到低依次为idd4＞WT＞IDD4-OE,IDD4-OE植株中病原菌感染部位的寄主细胞死亡程度比idd4植株严重。染色结果表明,病原菌侵染拟南芥后4 h,接种部位已有H2O2积累。qRT-PCR反应结果显示,Bc. ACTIN在IDD4-OE中比在idd4植株中的表达水平更高,表明灰葡萄孢菌在IDD4-OE植株中的繁殖速率更快。对IDD4-OE植株外源施加SA后,其病情指数、Bc. ACTIN表达量与WT植株间均无显著差异,说明SA能将感病植株的抗性提高至WT植株的水平,表明IDD4作为负调控因子参与了拟南芥对灰葡萄孢菌的抗性调控,SA在其中发挥着重要作用。 相似文献
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Tolerance to Verticillium spp. is a condition in which a host plant develops few symptoms despite substantial colonization by the pathogen. In the present paper we have shown that Craigella tomatoes are tolerant to a non-host isolate of V. dahliae, Dvd E6. Symptom expression was used to quantify disease and quantitative PCR to assess the amount of fungus in the stems. The classical incompatible and compatible interactions between Craigella resistant or Craigella susceptible near isolines and V. dahliae, race 1 were used for comparative purposes. Additional experiments using cytological assessment and quantitative PCR showed that in the tolerant interactions one plant defence response, vascular coating, was deployed as effectively as in resistant plants, limiting pathogen distribution. However, a second defence response, which causes the cyclical elimination of fungus from the stem in the classical interactions either does not occur or is substantially delayed in tolerant plants. Thus, the Verticillium population remains stable and substantial throughout the studied time course. 相似文献
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为探究飞龙掌血作砧木嫁接竹叶花椒后的抗旱响应机制,以飞龙掌血、竹叶花椒实生树及两者嫁接树为研究对象,对比分析其根系特征、叶片解剖结构、光合色素及生理指标上的差异,并测定产量。结果表明：飞龙掌血1年生实生苗根系各指标均显著高于竹叶花椒;嫁接树叶片栅栏组织、海绵组织厚度相比竹叶花椒显著增加了46.57%和35.38%,栅海比和叶肉紧密度分别提高了9.24%和21.82%;与竹叶花椒相比,嫁接树叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素的含量各显著增加了13.5%、87.3%和33.5%;同时,嫁接树叶片的SOD和POD活性相比竹叶花椒分别提高了22.1%和6.4%,MDA含量降低了4.6%;叶片各光合色素含量与栅栏组织厚度呈显著正相关关系,而MDA含量与其余指标呈显著负相关关系(除海绵组织厚度以外);嫁接树的单位投影面积产量相比竹叶花椒提高了34.1%。可见,该嫁接组合可以应用于竹叶花椒抗旱砧木的选育和推广实践。 相似文献
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为明确自主分离的生防菌株寡雄腐霉Pythium oligandrum GAQ1对辣椒疫病的生防效果及其防御机制,通过平板拮抗和盆栽防效试验测定寡雄腐霉菌株GAQ1对辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici菌丝的拮抗作用、对辣椒疫病的防效和对辣椒的促生效果,同时应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测菌株GAQ1处理后辣椒抗性基因表达的变化。结果表明,寡雄腐霉菌株GAQ1的菌丝可以缠绕并吸附寄生在辣椒疫霉菌丝表面或穿入菌丝体内,使辣椒疫霉菌丝细胞死亡;菌株GAQ1发酵液处理辣椒离体叶片再接种辣椒疫霉后产生的病斑直径较对照组显著减少,离体防效为30.79%;接种菌株GAQ1菌丝球后,辣椒疫病的病情指数较对照组显著降低,盆栽防效达69.16%;经菌株GAQ1处理辣椒后可诱导相关抗性基因PR1、WRKY40、WRKY53、ACCO和GST的相对表达量出现不同程度的升高,说明菌株GAQ1可诱导辣椒植株产生不同程度的防御系统应答。菌株GAQ1对辣椒具有良好的促生效果,处理后第5周其株高、株重及根重分别较对照组提高10.11%、33.23%和24.72%,其叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素的含量分... 相似文献
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氟唑磺隆在野燕麦中的内吸传导特性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
新型除草剂氟唑磺隆是磺酰脲类小麦田除草剂,为明确其在野燕麦植株中的内吸传导特性以及为合理使用氟唑磺隆防除杂草策略的制定提供科学依据,分别采用水培法和涂药法研究了氟唑磺隆在野燕麦Avena fatua植株中的传导特性。结果显示:采用水培法以50 mg/L的氟唑磺隆处理野燕麦根部,药后24 h野燕麦根、叶鞘和下部成熟叶中氟唑磺隆含量的占比分别为22%、74%和4%,心叶中未检测出;药后48 h野燕麦根、叶鞘、下部成熟叶和心叶中氟唑磺隆含量的占比分别为23%、58%、8%和11%。采用涂药法以50 mg/L氟唑磺隆处理野燕麦成熟叶片,药后24 h野燕麦下部成熟叶和心叶中氟唑磺隆的含量占比分别为57%和43%,根和叶鞘未检测出;药后48 h野燕麦根、叶鞘、下部成熟叶和心叶中氟唑磺隆的含量占比分别为1%、1%、68%和30%。结果表明,氟唑磺隆能被野燕麦的根吸收,具有优异的自下而上的内吸传导特性;同时氟唑磺隆能被野燕麦的叶片吸收,并可在叶间传导和向根传导。表明氟唑磺隆在野燕麦中具有双向传导的能力。 相似文献
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Graziella Berta Simonetta Sampo Elisa Gamalero Nadia Massa Philippe Lemanceau 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,111(3):279-288
Rhizoctonia solani root-rot is a major soilborne disease causing growth and yield depression. The ability of Glomus mosseae BEG12 and Pseudomonas fluorescens A6RI to suppress this soilborne disease in tomato was assessed by comparing the shoot and root growth of plants infested with R. solani 1556 when protected or not by these beneficial strains. The epiphytic and parasitic growth of the pathogenic R. solani 1556 was compared in the presence and absence of the biocontrol agents by microscopical observations allowing the quantification of roots with hyphae appressed to epidermal cells (epiphytic growth) and of roots with intraradical infection (parasitic growth). The root architecture of the tomato plants under the different experimental conditions was further characterized by measuring total root length, mean root diameter, number of root tips and by calculating degree of root branching. G. mosseae BEG12 and P. fluorescens A6RI fully overcame the growth depression caused by R. solani 1556. This disease suppression was associated with a significant decrease of the epiphytic and parasitic growth of the pathogen together with an increase of root length and of the number of root tips of inoculated tomato plants. The combined effects of G. mosseae BEG12 and P. fluorescens A6RI on pathogen growth and on root morphogenesis are suggested to be involved in the efficient disease suppression. 相似文献
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L. Daroda K. Hahn D. Pashkoulov E. Benvenuto 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2001,59(6):317
The activation of Fusarium moniliforme endopolygalacturonase (endoPG) was studied during infection of maize plants. EndoPG is a plant cell wall degrading enzyme that cleaves the pectin component causing cell death. The authors generated several hybridoma cell lines producing endoPG specific monoclonal antibodies. One monoclonal antibody was selected and successfully used in Western blotting analysis to detect F. moniliforme endoPG secretion in vitro and in planta. Two F. moniliforme strains (FC-l0 and 62264) were used for the studies. Both strains revealed the expression of a single endoPG in vitro as in planta. EndoPG from strain FC-10 presented four isoforms whereas only two isoforms were revealed in the endoPG from strain 62264. Differences were also found in the sequences of the two endoPG genes indicating the presence of endoPG variability among F. moniliforme strains. 相似文献
18.
以两个T5代转W23基因小麦株系G19-X59、G19-X61为材料,在水培条件下采用PEG-6000人工模拟干旱胁迫措施对转基因小麦株系的根系发育特点、抗旱相关的光合生理等指标进行了测定。结果表明,干旱胁迫条件下各参试小麦的光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均下降,转基因株系降幅较小,且其Pn和Tr值极显著高于受体品种;在正常供水和干旱胁迫两种水分处理下,转基因株系均比受体品种具有较发达的根系,其根总长、根总表面积、根总体积等参数极显著高于受体品种。这一结果说明,转W23基因小麦株系G19-X59、G19-X61在苗期依靠发达的根系维持较强的光合作用,提高其应对干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
19.
用胚挽救法创建甘蓝×大白菜抗根肿病新材料 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为改良甘蓝Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata的根肿病抗性,以2个甘蓝品种D2、B1为母本和2个抗根肿病大白菜品种CR-英雄、CR-春美杂交,比较4个远缘杂交组合的亲和性,运用胚挽救技术获得试管苗并对远缘杂交种进行真假杂种鉴定、育性研究以及根肿病抗性鉴定来创建和筛选根肿病抗性新种质。结果表明,杂交组合D2×CR-春美的结荚率为86.08%,高于其它组合,而成活的幼胚数/授粉花蕾数和试管苗数/授粉花蕾数以组合D2×CR-英雄最高,分别达15.96%和8.16%,4个组合D2×CR-英雄、D2×CR-春美、B1×CR-英雄、B1×CR-春美分别获得23、8、2、2株试管苗。细胞学鉴定发现杂种茎尖的染色体是19条,结合形态学鉴定确定为真杂种。组合D2×CR-英雄获得的试管苗只有1个株系有花粉,花粉萌发率为0.90%,极显著低于母本对照的40.58%;对该组合的试管苗进行苗期抗根肿病鉴定,有8个株系抗11号生理小种,3个株系抗4号生理小种。表明通过胚挽救技术可筛选到杂交效率较高的远缘杂交组合以及抗根肿病材料。 相似文献
20.
Jaqueline Wolfe Carolyn J. Hutcheon Verna J. Higgins Robin K. Cameron 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2000,56(6):253
An early event correlated with the gene-for-gene hypersensitive response (HR) is the accumulation of active oxygen species (AOS), also known as the oxidative burst. We present data that genetically demonstrates that the oxidative burst is a downstream component of the RPS2- avrRpt2gene-for-gene signal cascade. An in planta AOS assay using the fluorescent probe 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was modified for use with the Arabidopsis thaliana / Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato (P. syringae pv. tomato) model system. An oxidative burst occurred between 8 and 15 hpi with avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato(avrRpt2), but not with virulent P. syringae pv. tomato. This burst preceded cell death and was not observed in the RPS2 Arabidopsis mutantsrps2-101C and rps2-201 inoculated with avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato. An HR-like response has been observed when plants undergoing a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response are challenged with a normally virulent pathogen (manifestation stage of SAR), however an HR-like oxidative burst was not detected by the in planta AOS assay during this stage of SAR. 相似文献