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1.
In two experiments with growing-finishing pigs six different dietary fats were added to a conventional diet (control--C) to study the effects of dietary monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the fatty acid composition of backfat and kidney fat at similar amounts of double bonds in feed (Exp. 1:7% pork fat--PF, 4.95% olive oil--OO, 3.17% soybean oil--SO) or a constant amount of 5% of processed fats (Exp. 2: partially hydrogenated fat--SAT, fractionated pork fats: olein--OLE, stearin--STE). Compared with the control, PUFA were only slightly increased in backfat of pigs fed PF, OLE, STE or OO, although dietary PUFA intake was up to 70% higher. With SO PUFA were significantly increased in adipose tissues, predominantly at the expense of MUFA. Consequently, a non-linear relationship was found between PUFA intake and proportion in backfat. MUFA were incorporated at the expense of SFA, therefore, adipose tissues of OO fed animals were lowest in SFA. Despite comparable amounts of double bonds in feed (Exp. 1), the degree of unsaturation measured as fat score (sum of double bonds) was in the order SO > OO > PF > C. In contrast, the proportion of SFA was C > PF = SO > OO. Regarding the decisive role of SFA for fat consistency it may be concluded that MUFA should also be considered in feeding recommendations for pigs. Furthermore, in case of a high dietary supply of MUFA, a simple index of double bonds might not be sufficiently conclusive to judge pig fat quality.  相似文献   

2.
Forty Large White barrows were used to determine whether the effects of dietary fat source (tallow or soy oil at 5% of the diet) on lipogenesis and fatty acid profile of porcine adipose and lean tissue were dependent on dietary digestible energy density (8.8 vs 14.0 MJ DE/kg). Barrows were allocated to one of four groups and offered a fixed amount of feed (170 g x BW0.569/d) from 27 to 105 kg BW. The fatty acid composition of the backfat layers (BF), omental fat (OF), and i.m. adipose tissue of longissimus muscle as well as the activity of lipogenic enzymes of the adipose tissues were determined. Growth performance and carcass characteristics were affected by the dietary energy level (P < 0.01) but not by fat source. In accordance with the lower carcass fat deposition, the activity of lipogenic enzymes were decreased in the low-energy groups (P < 0.01). Within dietary energy level, inclusion of soy oil resulted in increased proportion of PUFA that was compensated by decreased saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) proportions (P < 0.01). The SFA changes accounted for 23 (BF) and 24% (OF) of the PUFA changes in the high-energy and 31 (BF) and 39% (OF) in the low-energy diets. The differences in the fatty acid proportions between the soy oil and tallow group were more pronounced in the low-energy groups (fat source x energy density interactions: P < 0.01). Pigs fed the soy oil, low-energy diet had decreased SFA (BF: 28%; OF: 30%) and MUFA (BF: 13%; OF: 19%) concentration, whereas PUFA concentration was increased (BF: 59%; OF: 88%) compared with pigs fed the soy oil, high-energy diet. However, in the tallow groups, pigs fed the low-energy diets had slightly decreased SFA (BF: 14%; OF: 12%) and relatively constant MUFA (BF: 3%; OF: 1%), whereas PUFA concentration increased (BF: 39%; OF: 62%) relative to pigs fed the tallow high-energy diet. Lipid content of the i.m. adipose tissue was decreased in the low-energy groups (P < 0.05). Contrary to what was observed in the adipose tissues, increased PUFA concentration in the neutral and polar lipid fractions of the longissimus muscle was predominantly compensated by reduced MUFA deposition. In the polar lipid fraction, the proportions of both SFA and MUFA were decreased by the low-energy diet. Thus, the extent to which tissue concentration of fatty acids are altered from dietary fats differing in the degree of unsaturation depends on the dietary energy level.  相似文献   

3.
The apparent digestibility and deposition in carcass of individual dietary fatty acids (FA) were determined in growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing either beef tallow or sunflower oil. The beef tallow was rich in saturated FA (SFA) and the sunflower oil had a high content of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA). A total of 39 barrows was used. The experimental diets contained 5% (w/w) of the variable fat source and were fed ad libitum . The dietary fat type had no effect (p > 0.05) on growth performance, even though the apparent digestibilities of crude fat and crude protein were higher (p < 0.05) in the animals fed sunflower oil. The pigs fed the sunflower oil diet showed higher apparent digestibilities (p < 0.05) of the sum of SFA, monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and PUFA, but had a lower digestibility (p < 0.05) of stearic acid. The intakes of individual digestible FA were derived feed intake data, FA contents of the diets and the digestibility of individual FA. For the entire feeding period of 13 weeks, the ratio of deposition in carcass to intake of digestible FA was increased (p < 0.05) for palmitic and stearic acid in the pigs fed sunflower oil, but the ratios for oleic acid and linoleic acid were decreased (p < 0.001). In the pigs fed sunflower oil instead of beef tallow, the deposition:intake ratio was raised for the SFA (p < 0.001), but diminished for the MUFA (p < 0.05). The calculated minimum de novo synthesis of SFA was increased (p < 0.05) and that of MUFA decreased (p < 0.05) in the pigs fed sunflower oil. It is concluded that the feeding of a diet with sunflower oil instead of beef tallow improved apparent digestibility of SFA, MUFA and PUFA, increased the deposition:digestible intake ratio for SFA, but lowered that for MUFA and PUFA.  相似文献   

4.
The hypothesis tested was that the feeding of n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) results in more whole‐body fatty acid oxidation than the feeding of saturated fatty acids (SFA). It was reasoned that the increased fatty acid oxidation would be associated with enhanced whole‐body energy expenditure and stimulated de novo fatty acid synthesis. To put the hypothesis to the test, broiler chickens were fed diets containing either beef tallow as source of SFA or an oil blend as source of n‐6 PUFA. The broilers either had free access to their diet or were fed a restricted amount. Seven‐day‐old, male broiler chickens were used; they were kept individually in cages from 1 to 4 weeks of age. In the birds fed ad libitum, the n‐6 PUFA diet reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI), but did not significantly affect average daily weight gain (ADG) and the feed:conversion ratio (FCR). The lower ADFI on the n‐6 PUFA diet was associated with a higher apparent digestibility of total fatty acids. The ratio of deposition in the body to intake of digestible total PUFA, which reflected n‐6 PUFA, was significantly decreased by the n‐6 PUFA diet, pointing at preferentially increased n‐6 PUFA oxidation on the n‐6 PUFA diet. The ratio for n‐9 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was higher than 1.0, which agrees with net de novo synthesis, but the n‐6 PUFA diet induced a lower value than did the SFA diet. Feeding either the n‐6 PUFA or SFA diet did not influence energy expenditure expressed as percentage of energy intake. This study supports the idea that dietary n‐6 PUFA instead of SFA are preferentially oxidized, but no proof was obtained for enhanced energy expenditure and contrary to the hypothesis put forward, the n‐6 PUFA diet depressed de‐novo fatty acid synthesis.  相似文献   

5.
性别和营养水平对福建河田鸡风味前体物质含量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
研究了不同性别和日粮能量、蛋白水平对河田鸡胸肌肉中风味前体化合物含量的影响。结果表明：性别对腹脂率、氨基酸（Asp、Thr、Ser、Pro、Cys除外）以及肌内脂肪（IMF）及其饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量有显著影响（P〈0．05），而对肌苷酸（IMP）含量无显著影响（P〉0．05）；公鸡的总氨基酸（TAA）、肌苷酸、肌内脂肪中的SFA、MUFA含量略高于母鸡，母鸡的肌内脂肪及其PUFA含量明显高于公鸡。能量水平对肌苷酸、肌内脂肪及其SFA、MUFA、PUFA以及总氨基酸含量有显著影响（P〈0．05）；当鸡采食高能日粮时，肌内脂肪中的SFA、MUFA含量会显著升高（P〈0．05），而IMP、IMF、PUFA含量会显著下降（P＜0．05），TAA没有显著变化。蛋白水平对肌内脂肪及其MUFA、PUFA含量以及总氨基酸含量有显著影响（P〈0．05）。当采食高蛋白日粮时，肌内脂肪及SFA、MUFA显著降低，而其PUFA会显著增加（P〈0．05）。风味品尝结果表明，公鸡的香味、鲜味都显著高于母鸡，而嫩度低于母鸡；随着能量和蛋白水平的增加，鲜味和嫩度都显著下降（P〈0．05）。从肉品的总可接受性来看，性别对总可接受性没有显著影响（P〉0．05），低营养水平时的总可接受性大于高营养水平（P〈0．05）。  相似文献   

6.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary crude glycerol and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on growing-finishing pig performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat quality. We hypothesized that because dietary crude glycerol has been observed to increase carcass SFA, it might ameliorate the negative effects of DDGS on fat quality. The 97-d study was conducted at a commercial swine research facility in southwestern Minnesota with 1,160 barrows (initial BW = 31.0 ± 1.1 kg). Pigs were blocked by initial BW, and pens were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 7 replications per treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of crude glycerol (0, 2.5, or 5%) and DDGS (0 or 20%). All corn-soybean meal-based diets contained 3% added fat (choice white grease). There were no glycerol × DDGS interactions for any response criteria evaluated. Increasing dietary glycerol did not affect finishing pig growth performance. Adding 20% DDGS to the diet did not affect ADG; however, finishing pigs fed diets with added DDGS had greater (2.47 vs. 2.41 kg/d; P = 0.02) ADFI and poorer (0.39 vs. 0.40; P = 0.01) G:F than pigs not fed DDGS. Feeding increasing dietary glycerol or 20% DDGS did not affect carcass characteristics. For carcass fat quality, feeding 20% DDGS resulted in decreased (P < 0.01) palmitic and oleic acids, total SFA and total MUFA, and increased (P < 0.01) linoleic, total PUFA, total unsaturated fatty acids, and iodine value in jowl fat, belly fat, and backfat. Increasing dietary crude glycerol increased myristic acid (linear, P < 0.05) and MUFA (quadratic, P < 0.05) in jowl fat and increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) oleic acid and MUFA in backfat. In conclusion, feeding 20% DDGS to finishing pigs increased ADFI, reduced G:F, and increased carcass fat iodine value, whereas feeding crude glycerol did not influence growth performance, carcass characteristics, and had a minor influence on fatty acids of carcass fat. Both of these biofuel coproducts can be used in combination without affecting finishing pig performance or carcass traits; however, feeding crude glycerol did not fully mitigate the increased unsaturation of carcass fat observed when feeding DDGS.  相似文献   

7.
试验旨在研究南阳黑猪脂肪酸组成及含量,以期为中国地方猪种遗传资源的保护及开发利用提供理论依据。以南阳黑猪和大白猪为研究对象,每品种猪各12头,测量背最长肌脂肪酸含量及种类,以脂肪酸种类及数量、单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA）、饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid,SFA）、12-16碳饱和脂肪酸（饱和脂肪酸1,SFA1）、其他饱和脂肪酸（饱和脂肪酸2,SFA2）、不饱和脂肪酸（unsaturated fatty acids,UFA）、SFA2/SFA1、PUFA/MUFA、必需脂肪酸（essential fatty acid,EFA）、共轭亚油酸（conjugated linoleic acids,CLA）、PUFA/SFA、ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA等为指标,从营养、健康、风味及储存方面综合评价两个猪种猪肉脂肪酸品质。结果显示,两个猪种背最长肌中共检出30种脂肪酸,其中23种脂肪酸在两个猪种间有显著或极显著差异（P<0.05;P<0.01）;除SFA2/SFA1和ω-6 PUFA /ω-3 PUFA外,南阳黑猪其他指标均高于大白猪;SFA1、MUFA、PUFA、SFA、UFA、UFA/SFA、SFA2/SFA1、PUFA/MUFA、EFA、CLA、PUFA/SFA、ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA 11个指标在两个猪种间存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05;P<0.01）,SFA2和PUFA/MUFA在两个猪种间无显著差异（P>0.05）。综合以上结果,南阳黑猪肌肉脂肪酸品质总体优于大白猪。  相似文献   

8.
The experiment was carried out to study the composition and contents of fatty acids of Nanyang Black pig, and to provide a theoretical basis for the protection and exploitation of local pig genetic resources in China. 12 Nanyang Black pigs and 12 Large White pigs were chosen, and the composition and contents of fatty acids in longissimus dorsi muscle were measured, and the quality of fatty acids was comprehensive evaluated from nutrition, health, flavor and storage aspects. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), 12-16 carbon saturated fatty acids (SFA1), other saturated fatty acids (SFA2), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), SFA2/SFA1, MUFA/PUFA, essential fatty acid (EFA), conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), PUFA/SFA and ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA were used as the indexes of multiple comparison. The results showed that there were 30 kinds of fatty acids were detected and 23 of them had significant or extremely significant differences between the two pig breeds (P<0.05;P<0.01). Nanyang Black pig had higher values of above measured indexes than that of Large White pig in addition to SFA2/SFA1 and ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA. 11 indexes such as SFA1,MUFA,PUFA,SFA,UFA, UFA/SFA,SFA2/SFA1,PUFA/MUFA, EFA,CLA, PUFA/SFA and ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA differed significantly or extremely significantly between the two pig breeds (P<0.05;P<0.01), while SFA2 and PUFA/MUFA had no significant differences between the two pig breeds (P>0.05). In conclusion, the fatty acids of Nanyang Black pig were significantly better than that of Large White pig.  相似文献   

9.
日粮中添加整粒油籽对绵羊体脂脂肪酸组成的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
日粮中分别添加相当于40 g粗脂肪的油菜籽(canola)、油葵籽、红花籽和亚麻籽,饲喂成年母羊35 d后屠宰,用气相色谱技术测定了背最长肌、尾部、背膘和肾脏4个部位脂肪的脂肪酸(FA)组成,结果表明:1)红花籽可显著降低肌肉中的短链、长链饱和脂肪酸及总饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的比例,而增加单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和总不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)的比例,而添加油菜籽对肌肉的FA无显著影响;2)油葵显著降低了尾部短链和中链脂肪酸,提高了多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)与SFA的比值(P:S),油菜籽可显著降低尾部短链脂肪酸;3)添加亚麻籽有增加所有组织UFA和P:S值,降低SFA的趋势,但只有背膘脂肪中的PUFA显著增高;4)各类油籽对脂肪组织中的总SFA和MUFA无明显影响,其中肾脏脂肪受影响最小.  相似文献   

10.
1. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of two fat sources: high-oleic acid sunflower seed (HOASS; 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg diet) and palm oil (PO), and dietary supplementation of vitamin E (alpha-tocopheryl acetate, 200 mg/kg diet) on performance, fatty acid composition and susceptibility to oxidation of white and dark chicken meat during refrigerated storage. Female chicks (3 to 6 weeks) were given one of 5 diets containing 90 g/kg of added fat with increasing monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content, adjusted by progressively replacing PO by HOASS. 2. Body weight gain and gain:food ratio of birds were depressed in diets containing the highest proportions of HOASS (150 and 200 g/kg). Relative abdominal fat was reduced in birds fed diets including HOASS, except in the diet containing 100 g HOASS/kg. The inclusion of alpha-tocopheryl acetate improved body weight gain and gain:food ratio. 3. According to the fatty acid profile of the diets, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid (SFA and PUFA, respectively) contents were significantly reduced and MUFA content was significantly increased in white and dark chicken meats when the saturated oil, PO, was replaced progressively by HOASS in the diet. The inclusion of alpha-tocopheryl acetate increased PUFA content in both meats. 4. After 4 and 7 d of refrigerated storage, white and dark meat samples obtained from birds fed on diets containing HOASS had significantly lower thiobarbituric acid reacting substance (TBARS) values than those derived from the PO diet. The addition of alpha-tocopheryl acetate significantly reduced the lipid oxidation in white and dark meat. 5. Overall, the results showed that increasing MUFA content of chicken meat by replacing dietary PO with HOASS (up to 100 g/kg) did not adversely affect broiler performance and reduced the susceptibility of meat to oxidation during refrigerated storage. Dietary alpha-tocopherol supplementation improved chicken performance and was effective in protecting lipid meat from oxidation.  相似文献   

11.
The effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on blood lipids [total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triacylglycerols (TAG)] and the fatty acid distribution of the lipoprotein fractions, backfat, muscle fat, and liver lipids were examined in an experiment with two groups of 40 pigs [Pietrain x (Landrace x Large White)] each. The 20 female and 20 male castrated pigs of each group were fed with isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets supplemented with either 20 g/kg rapeseed oil (control) or 20 g/kg CLA-TAG. The CLA preparation contained 54.2% pure CLA consisting of approximately two-thirds cis,trans/trans,cis-isomers and one-third trans,trans-isomers. The fatty acids of lipoproteins, backfat, muscle lipids and liver lipids were analysed by gas chromatograph (GC). CLA supplementation did not significantly influence blood lipids and the LDL to HDL ratio. In the CLA-fed pigs the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) contained higher saturated fatty acid (SFA) concentrations at the cost of the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) remained unchanged. The highest CLA content was analysed in VLDL (4.00%) followed by LDL (2.78%) and HDL (1.45%). The ratio of cis,cis to trans,trans isomers increased from VLDL over LDL to HDL. The content of SFA, probably in backfat and muscle lipids, increased whereas the part of MUFA decreased as a result of reduced Delta9-desaturase activity. The percentage of PUFA (without CLA) was higher in backfat of the control group in accordance with the dietary PUFA supply. This shift in the fatty acid distribution was not observed in the liver lipids. In all the three tissues analysed, the CLA-fed pigs had a significantly increased CLA content: the highest increase was in the backfat (5.65%), followed by liver lipids (2.41%), and muscle lipids (1.47%). An isomer-specific accumulation was observed for cis,cis-CLA isomers in muscle, and for trans,trans-CLA isomers in backfat. We conclude that CLA supplementation results in a higher SFA content in backfat and muscle lipids but not in liver lipids. There is a discrimination of the trans-10, cis-12 isomer and the trans,trans isomers in the formation of the cell membranes.  相似文献   

12.
Crossbred pigs (n = 216) were used to test the effect of supplemental L-carnitine (CARN) on the fatty acid composition and quality characteristics of fresh pork bellies from pigs fed diets formulated with different inclusion levels of corn oil. Pigs were blocked by BW (43.6 ± 1.0 kg) and allotted randomly to pens of 6 pigs within blocks. Then, within blocks, pens were assigned randomly to 1 of 6 dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with either 0 or 100 mg/kg of supplemental CARN and 3 dietary inclusion levels (0, 2, or 4%) of corn oil (CO). When the lightest block weighed 125.0 kg, all pigs were slaughtered, and left-side bellies were captured during carcass fabrication for quality data collection. Fresh pork bellies were evaluated for length, width, thickness, and firmness (bar-suspension and Instron-compression methods) before a 2.5-cm-wide strip of belly was removed and subsequently dissected into subcutaneous fat, primary lean (latissimus dorsi), secondary lean (cutaneous trunci), and intermuscular fat for fatty acid composition determination. Although belly length, width, and thickness of fresh pork bellies were not affected by CARN (P ≥ 0.128) or CO (P ≥ 0.073), belly firmness decreased linearly (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary CO, but there was no (P ≥ 0.137) effect of CARN on any belly firmness measure. Dietary CARN increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of total SFA in the intermuscular fat layer, increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of total MUFA in the primary and secondary lean layers, and decreased (P < 0.05) the proportion of total PUFA in the intermuscular fat and secondary lean layers of pork bellies. Moreover, the SFA and MUFA compositions decreased linearly (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary CO, and the rate of the decrease in SFA composition was greater (P < 0.001) in the fat layers than the lean layers. Conversely, the PUFA content increased linearly (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary CO, and the rate of the increase in PUFA was greater (P < 0.001) in the fat than the lean layers, and greater (P = 0.022) in the primary than secondary lean layer. Results from this study would indicate that differences in the amount and rate of fatty acid deposition associated with feeding increased amounts of CO, along with moisture differences among the belly layers, combine to negatively affect fresh pork belly firmness.  相似文献   

13.
旨在研究代乳粉中添加枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）对7~28日龄羔羊生长性能、组织器官、腹泻率及肌肉组织脂肪酸含量的影响。本研究选取体况发育良好的7日龄湖羊公羔（双羔）30只,按同质性原则将羔羊随机分为2组,每组15只,每只为1个重复,给2组羔羊分别饲喂枯草芽孢杆菌含量为0和0.2%的代乳粉,试验期为21 d。在7、14、21和28日龄晨饲前进行称重,计算各生长阶段的平均日增重（average daily gain,ADG）。并且每天饲喂羔羊的同时观察羔羊腹泻情况,计算羔羊腹泻率。在28日龄时每组随机选择8只羔羊进行屠宰,屠宰后称量各组织器官重量,计算其相对指数,并采集羔羊背最长肌和肱二头肌,测量肌内脂肪含量。结果表明：1）枯草芽孢杆菌显著降低了7~14日龄羔羊的末重（P<0.05）,显著提高了15~21日龄和22~28日龄羔羊的平均日增重（P<0.05）,有提高7~28日龄羔羊平均日增重的趋势（P=0.100）;对7~28日龄羔羊腹泻率的无显著影响（P>0.05）。2）枯草芽孢杆菌显著降低了7~28日龄羔羊胰腺重量（P<0.05）,显著增加了蹄占宰前活重比例（P<0.05）,对其他组织器官没有显著影响（P>0.05）。3）枯草芽孢杆菌对7~28日龄羔羊皮张发育无显著影响（P>0.05）。4）枯草芽孢杆菌显著降低了羔羊背最长肌不饱和脂肪酸（unsaturated fatty acid,UFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA）、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、二十烷酸、棕榈烯酸、油酸含量和MUFA∶多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA）（P<0.05）,显著提高了十五烷酸、肉豆蔻烯酸、神经酸含量和饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid,SFA）∶UFA （P<0.05）;显著降低了羔羊肱二头肌UFA、SFA、MUFA、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、二十烷酸、棕榈烯酸、油酸含量和MUFA∶PUFA （P<0.05）,显著提高了PUFA、n-6PUFA、肉豆蔻烯酸、神经酸含量和SFA∶UFA、PUFA∶SFA （P<0.05）。结果表明,在代乳粉中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对7~28日龄湖羊羔羊腹泻率、器官和皮张的发育无显著影响,但羔羊平均日增重和胴体重有升高趋势。枯草芽孢杆菌显著降低了湖羊羔羊背最长肌中UFA、MUFA、MUFA∶PUFA的含量和肱二头肌UFA、SFA、MUFA、MUFA∶PUFA的含量,显著提高了湖羊羔羊背最长肌中SFA：UFA的含量和肱二头肌中PUFA、n-6PUFA、SFA∶UFA、PUFA∶SFA的含量,表明枯草芽孢杆菌可通过对肌内脂肪酸组成比例和含量的影响,起到改善湖羊羔羊肉品质的作用。  相似文献   

14.
This study described the relation between the type and amount of dietary fat on the deposition of abdominal fat by broiler chickens. It was hypothesized that at higher fat intakes, the well-known lowering effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the deposition of abdominal fat would be diminished. Experimental diets were formulated to contain three levels of added fat (3%, 6% and 9%). Each level had different proportions of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) by installing the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 with the use of tallow and soybean oil. Arbor Acres chicks, aged 7 days, were fed one of the 15 experimental diets until they were aged 42 days. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. There was no systematic effect of the dietary fat type and the amount on the weight gain and the feed intake. The lowest SFA:UFA ratio of 1:5 produced the lowest feed conversion rates, irrespective of the amount of the fat in the diet. The abdominal fat deposition was similar in the birds fed on diets containing either 3% or 6% added fat, but deposition was lower than in those fed 9% fat. A decrease in the SFA:UFA ratio of the diet was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in abdominal fat, irrespective of the amount of fat in the diet. This observation leads to the rejection of the hypothesis stated above. A decrease in the dietary SFA:UFA from 1:1 to 1:4 caused a decrease in the number of the fat cells per surface unit of breast meat. It is concluded that an increased intake of soybean oil at the expense of tallow reduced the abdominal fat deposition and the number of fat cells in the breast meat of broiler chickens.  相似文献   

15.
为了研究不同精粗比日粮对广河羊羔肉品质的影响,在广河县羔羊肉生产区,选择不同精粗比饲喂的6月龄健康陶寒杂交(陶赛特羊♂×小尾寒羊♀)断奶去势公羔各3只进行屠宰,取股二头肌、背最长肌、肱二头肌3个部位肌肉和肾周脂肪、皮下脂肪、尾部脂肪3个部位脂肪,用气象色谱法分析其脂肪酸的种类及含量。结果表明,在所有组织中均检测出38种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸17种,不饱和脂肪酸21种。脂肪组织中饲喂低精粗比日粮的亚油酸(C18∶2n6c)、α-亚麻酸(C18∶3n3)、饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)及其与饱和脂肪酸比值(P/S)、n3系多不饱和脂肪酸和n6系多不饱和脂肪酸均显著高于饲喂高精粗比日粮(P<0.05);饲喂低精粗比日粮的所有组织中花生四烯酸(C20∶4)的含量显著高于饲喂高精粗比日粮(P<0.05);与饲喂高精粗比日粮的羊羔肉相比,饲喂低精粗比日粮既节省了生产成本又明显改善和提高了羊羔肉中脂肪酸的营养价值。  相似文献   

16.
Vitamin E requirements are linked to dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content as a result of the protective effect of vitamin E from lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, it has been suggested that dietary PUFA interfere with vitamin E absorption. A 4 x 4 factorial study was planned to assess the effect of dietary vitamin E inclusion level (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and degree of unsaturation (15, 34, 45 and 61 g PUFA/kg) on vitamin E apparent absorption and tissue deposition in poultry. A total of 192 female broiler chickens were used. A digestibility balance was carried out between 19 and 23 days of age to calculate apparent absorption of fat and vitamin E. The livers of 96 animals were obtained at 44 days of age for vitamin E determination. Increasing dietary levels of vitamin E reduced its apparent absorption. The more saturated diet reduced fat and vitamin E apparent absorption while PUFA levels from 34 to 61 g/kg did not modify this parameter but reduced the hepatic vitamin E concentration, suggesting a greater systemic use of this vitamin. These results suggest that PUFA do not limit vitamin E absorption, although they may increase its degradation in the gastrointestinal tract.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypic relationship between feed intake (FI) characteristics with intramuscular fat, cholesterol and fatty acid composition in pork. Data were available on 202 Duroc barrows. Intramuscular fatness was positively correlated with a higher percentage of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), a lower percentage of polyunsaturated (PUFA), omega-3 (ω3) and omega-6 (ω6) fatty acids, and a lower ω6/ω3 and P:S ratio (p < 0.05). Faster growth resulted in a higher level of SFA and a lower level of ω3 fatty acids (p < 0.05). Increased FI, residual feed intake (RFI) and feed intake time (TIME) and a decreased feed intake frequency (FREQ) resulted in an increase in MUFA, a decrease in PUFA, ω3 and ω6 fatty acids and a lower P:S ratio (p < 0.05). In addition, increased FI and RFI and a decreased FREQ resulted in an increase in SFA (p < 0.05). Most of the correlations were a result of a concomitant relationship with intramuscular fatness and disappeared after correction for that trait. Serum total, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were positively correlated with SFA and MUFA, and negatively with PUFA, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and the P:S ratio (p < 0.05). These results have implications for programmes aimed at improving meat quality through selection.  相似文献   

18.
1. In a cross-over trial, the egg cholesterol and fatty acid composition of Araucana hens was compared with those of two commercial breeds (Lohmann Selected Leghorn and ISA Brown) under two feeding regimes, either high (Hn-3) or low (Ln-3) in long-chain n-3 fatty acids. 2. The Hn-3 diet was formed by isocaloric substitution of animal fat in the control diet (Ln-3) by a dry product containing stabilised fish oil with standardised concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). 3. Both breed and diet had influences on egg composition, without interactions. 4. The Araucana breed showed lower feed intake and lower egg weights than the other two breeds. The yolk weight was similar, leading to a much higher yolk:albumen ratio in the Araucana eggs. 5. In comparison to commercial breeds, Araucanas produced eggs with higher cholesterol content per g of yolk, which was even more pronounced when expressed per g of egg, due to the high yolk content of the eggs. The cholesterol content of an egg remained unchanged by the diet, irrespective of the dietary fat source. 6. Changing to the Hn-3 diet led to greater concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and lower concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) contents in the yolk, without a change in the ratio of saturated (SFA) to unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). 7. Within the PUFA, the n-3 fatty acids increased at the expense of the n-6 fatty acids, indicating a competition between n-3 and n-6 fatty acids for incorporation in the yolk.  相似文献   

19.
A total of 144 barrows and gilts (initial BW = 44 kg) were used in an 82-d experiment to evaluate the effects of dietary fat source and duration of feeding fat on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat quality. Dietary treatments were a corn-soybean meal control diet with no added fat and a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments with 5% choice white grease (CWG) or soybean oil (SBO) fed from d 0 to 26, 54, 68, or 82. At the conclusion of the study (d 82), pigs were slaughtered, carcass characteristics were measured, and backfat and jowl fat samples were collected. Fatty acid analysis was performed, and iodine value (IV) was calculated for all backfat and jowl fat samples. Pigs fed SBO tended to have increased (P = 0.07) ADG compared with pigs fed CWG. For pigs fed SBO, increasing feeding duration increased (quadratic, P < 0.01) ADG and G:F. For pigs fed CWG, increasing feeding duration improved (quadratic, P < 0.01) G:F. For pigs fed SBO or CWG, increasing feeding duration increased carcass yield (quadratic, P < 0.04) and HCW (quadratic, P < 0.02). Dietary fat source and feeding duration did not affect backfat depth, loin depth, or lean percentage. As expected, barrows had greater ADG and ADFI (P < 0.01) and poorer G:F (P = 0.03) than gilts. Barrows also had greater last-rib (P = 0.04) and 10th-rib backfat (P < 0.01) and reduced loin depth and lean percentage (P < 0.01) compared with gilts. Increasing feeding duration of CWG or SBO increased (P < 0.10) C18:2n-6, PUFA, PUFA:SFA ratio, and IV in jowl fat and backfat. Pigs fed SBO had greater (P < 0.01) C18:2n-6, PUFA, PUFA:SFA ratio, and IV but decreased (P < 0.01) C18:1 cis-9, C16:0, SFA, and MUFA concentrations compared with pigs fed CWG in jowl fat and backfat. Barrows had decreased (P = 0.03) IV in jowl fat and backfat compared with gilts. In summary, adding SBO or CWG increased the amount of unsaturated fat deposited. Increasing feeding duration of dietary fat increases the amount of unsaturated fatty acids, which leads to softer carcass fat.  相似文献   

20.
The experiment was organized in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement with three dietary fat blends and a basal (20 mg kg(-1) diet) or supplemented (220 mg kg(-1)) level of alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Dietary vitamin E and monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio (dietary MUFA/PUFA) affected muscle alpha-tocopherol concentration (alpha-tocopherol [log microg g(-1)] = 0.18 (+/- 0.105) + 0.0034 (+/- 0.0003) x dietary alpha-tocopherol [mg kg(-1) diet] (P < 0.0001) + 0.39 (+/- 0.122) x dietary MUFA/PUFA (P < 0.0036)). An interaction between dietary alpha-tocopherol and dietary MUFA/PUFA exists for microsome alpha-tocopherol concentration (alpha-tocopherol [log microg g(-1)] = 1.14 ( +/- 0.169) (P < 0.0001) + 0.0056 ( +/- 0.00099) x dietary alpha-tocopherol [mg kg(-1) diet] (P <0.0001) + 0.54 (+/- 0.206) x dietary MUFA/PUFA (P < 0.0131) - 0.0033 (+/- 0.0011) x dietary alpha-tocopherol [mg kg(-1))] x dietary MUFA/PUFA (P < 0.0067)), and hexanal concentration in meat (hexanal [ng x g(-1)] = 14807.9 (+/- 1489.8)- 28.8 (+/- 10.6) dietary alpha-tocopherol [mg x kg(-1)] (P < 0.01) - 8436.6 (+/- 1701.6) x dietary MUFA/PUFA (P < 0.001) + 24.0 (+/- 11.22) x dietary alpha-tocopherol-dietary MUFA/ PUFA (P < 0.0416)). It is concluded that partial substitution of dietary PUFA with MUFA lead to an increase in the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in muscle and microsome extracts. An interaction between dietary alpha-tocopherol and fatty acids exists, in which at low level of dietary vitamin E inclusion, a low MUFA/ PUFA ratio leads to a reduction in the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in microsome extracts and a concentration of hexanal in meat above the expected values.  相似文献   

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