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有效活菌数的测定方法,允许差与判定 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
微生物肥料的有效活菌的数量是微生物肥料质量好坏的关键指标。根据ＮＹ２２７－９４微生物肥料标准的规定，有效活菌数用计数法测定。该文就平板计数法规范化操作的有关规定作了说明。又对测定平板上菌落允许差，计算公式及判定规则进行了介绍。该文有较强的可操作性，对工厂企业按标准提高自检的准确性有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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微生物菌肥对草原矿区排土场土壤微生物与土壤酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
[目的]研究施入微生物菌肥对土壤微生物数量及主要土壤酶活性的影响,为利用微生物菌肥改良草原矿区排土场恶劣土壤环境提供理论依据。[方法]采用完全随机区组设计,设微生物菌肥2种施用方法、3种施用量,对不同施肥处理后土壤中可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌菌落数量进行测定,分析土壤过氧化氢酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性变化。[结果]施用微生物菌肥土壤中可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌菌落数量均显著高于未施肥处理(p0.05);施用微生物菌肥土壤中脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性比未施肥样地分别增加29.0%,92.6%,25.7%,75.7%;土壤可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌菌落数量与土壤酶活性之间有一定的相关性;在微生物菌肥沟施法与较大的菌肥施用量作用下土壤可培养细菌、真菌、放线菌菌落数量较高,土壤酶活性较强。[结论]微生物菌肥添加使草原矿区排土场土壤中微生物菌落数量增加、土壤酶活性增强,施用微生物菌肥改善了原状土壤环境,增加了土壤肥力。 相似文献
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快速检查微生物肥料（菌液）活菌数的方法 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
生生物肥料生产过程中，如何快速检查菌剂质量，特别是活菌数快速测定，在生产中有重要的意义。现介绍快速检查菌剂活菌数的方法，以便利微生物肥料生产过程的质量检查。 相似文献
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钼与花生根瘤菌的复配及在酸性紫色土上的接种效果 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过供试菌株Spr4-5、Spr2-9耐钼酸钠、钼酸铵试验表明,根瘤菌耐Mo能力强,耐钼酸铵能力比钼酸钠强,不同菌株耐钼能力不同。在研制的“高效根瘤菌+Mo”的复合菌肥中,用钼酸铵生产的复合菌肥比用钼酸钠的活菌数高,高活菌数持续的时间长;复合菌肥的pH一般随含钼量的增加和贮存时间的延长而升高,但复合钼酸铵菌肥pH增幅较小,复合钼酸钠菌肥pH增幅较大。在贮存的180d内,复合钼酸铵的菌肥活菌数和pH均符合《根瘤菌肥料》质量标准;钼酸钠对菌肥的活菌数和pH影响大,钼酸钠不宜作为钼肥添加到根瘤菌剂中。盆栽试验表明,不同菌株共生固氮的有效性与钼酸铵浓度相关。钼酸铵浓度为0.2%时,供试菌株Spr.4-5共生固氮效果最好,比CK增产73.4%,比传统菌肥增产13.7%,占瘤率为59.7%;钼酸铵浓度为0.3%时,Spr.2-9共生固氮效果最好,比CK增产49%,比传统菌肥增产21.4%,占瘤率为70.3%;其增产效果均达极显著水平。 相似文献
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菌肥对青稞根际土壤理化性质以及微生物群落的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
应用化学分析、聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术和DNA测序技术,研究了西藏棕色砂壤土中微生物肥料不同施用量和施用期对青稞根际土壤理化性质和细菌群落多样性的影响。结果表明,施用谷特菌肥能显著提高土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的水平,如播前施用菌肥浓度750 ml hm-2的处理较不施用菌肥的处理上述指标分别提高13.32%、28.42%、16.20%、9.81%、21.36%、39.35%和30.48%,拔节期施用菌肥浓度2 250 ml hm-2的处理较不施用菌肥的处理分别提高7.25%、29.35%、18.04%、12.86%、15.90%、43.27%和53.99%。DGGE分析表明,相同施用方式中不同施用量土样中微生物的DGGE图谱相似。非加权组平均法(UPGMA)聚类分析将DGGE图谱分为2大类群。Shannon-Wiener指数表明,施用菌肥的土壤细菌多样性先增加后逐渐降低,播前以喷施谷特菌浓度750 ml hm-2时的细菌多样性最高;拔节期则以喷施谷特菌浓度2 250 ml hm-2处理的细菌多样性最高,且两种施用方式土壤养分的释放与Shannon指数的变化规律均为播前﹥拔节期。测序结果表明,不同施肥浓度土样微生物种群分布较为广泛,其中Actinobacteria纲细菌种类略多,少数菌种为未经培养菌种(Uncultured bacterium)。典型对应分析(CCA)表明,DGGE图谱条带分布与土壤理化性质密切相关,碱解氮、全磷和全氮是影响微生物群落的主要环境因子。研究结果表明,施用谷特菌肥可明显改善青稞根际土壤理化性状,提高土壤细菌多样性。 相似文献
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生物有机肥是传统有机肥和菌肥二者的有机结合体,研究乳酸和柠檬酸两种外源添加物对生物有机肥保存期间产品品质的影响,具有较为重要的实践价值。结果表明,添加乳酸和柠檬酸后,生物有机肥的品质在6 个月后仍能满足我国生物有机肥标准(NY 884-2012),其中,活菌数分别为0.6 亿和0.8 亿CFU/g,而对照处理有机肥在第5 个月结束时的活菌数仅为0.001 亿CFU/g,低于标准规定的0.2 亿CFU/g。与添加乳酸相比,柠檬酸的添加更有利于保存期间生物有机肥品质的提高,氮磷养分及小分子有机物氨基酸的含量均高于添加乳酸的处理,分别为5.76 和128.95 mg/g。 相似文献
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针对设施菜田土壤次生盐渍化问题,研究分析不同用量土壤调理剂及其配施微生物菌肥对促进土壤脱盐、改善土壤理化性质及土壤微生物多样性的改良效果。试验结果表明,施用土壤调理剂和微生物菌肥后,土壤理化性质明显改善,土壤容重、EC、全盐量均有不同程度下降,Na+、K+、Ca2+、Cl-、HCO3-含量降低,有效抑制土壤返盐;且施用土壤调理剂和微生物菌肥后,土壤细菌群落多样性和丰富度趋于增加,尤其是固氮菌和分解有机质菌属的数量显著增加,土壤有益菌含量的增加对黄瓜生长起到促进作用。土壤调理剂及其配施微生物菌肥在改善土壤理化性质、降低土壤表层盐分、提高土壤微生物细菌群落多样性方面具有显著效果,可为设施菜田次生盐渍化土壤缓解盐胁迫提供参考。 相似文献
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镉耐性促生细菌对洞庭湖镉污染土壤微生物和酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《土壤通报》2014,(6):1390-1395
为研究促生细菌对镉污染土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响,将促生细菌T7和J2加入洞庭湖镉污染土壤中,通过培养,进行各项目的测定。结果表明,J2菌能显著提高土壤中可培养细菌、放线菌数量,降低土壤中可培养真菌数量,T7菌对放线菌数量影响不明显,T7和J2菌能显著提高细菌/真菌(B/F)和放线菌/真菌(A/F)比值;J2菌能显著地促进土壤中氨化菌、硝化菌、反硝化菌和好氧性固氮菌数量的增加,T7菌对氨化菌和反硝化菌数量影响不显著;J2菌明显促进土壤中脲酶、过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶活性的增强,T7菌对脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性影响显著;土壤微生物数量与酶活性的相关性分析表明,土壤微生物、酶以及土壤微生物与酶之间存在显著或极显著地相关关系。说明促生细菌T7和J2能有效改善洞庭镉污染土壤的微生物环境。 相似文献
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通过研究施用有机肥、化学肥料和生物菌肥对I-107杨树人工林根际和非根际土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响,分析土壤酶活性与土壤微生物数量的关系。研究结果表明:不同种类肥料使用后3个月,林地根际土壤和非根际土壤微生物总量均有显著增长,其中有机肥处理土壤微生物数量增长幅度最大,菌肥处理最小。施肥处理显著提高土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶活性,但尿素和菌肥处理土壤多酚氧化酶活性降低。施用有机肥处理对土壤微生物和土壤酶根际效应值影响最明显,菌肥处理影响最小。尿素处理土壤pH值高于对照,有机肥和菌肥处理小于对照,但不同处理间土壤pH值的根际效应值差异性不明显。土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性之间存在一定的相关性,其中:土壤脲酶活性与好气性纤维素分解菌之间、土壤碱性磷酸酶活性与氨化细菌、真菌、放线菌、亚硝酸细菌之间,土壤过氧化氢酶与好气性纤维素分解菌、真菌、放线菌之间相关性显著。 相似文献
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以堆肥作为3株功能芽胞细菌液体菌剂的载体,通过优化载体含水量、温度和接种浓度等关键影响因子,以不同时间载体中有效活菌数的变化为指标,探讨堆肥代替草炭作为功能微生物载体的可行性和最适条件。研究结果表明,载体C（鸡粪）、P（猪粪）、M（1∶1鸡粪猪粪）和TP（猪粪＋草炭）在72 h内的有效活菌数均显著低于草炭;混合载体TC2（50%草炭＋50%鸡粪）和TM1（25%草炭＋75%1∶1鸡粪猪粪）的有效活菌数随着时间的延长而增加,其中72 h时TC2的有效活菌数达到11.40×109 cfu.g-1,TM1的有效活菌数达到2.64×109 cfu.g-1,均与草炭无显著差异,因此适宜代替草炭作为功能微生物的载体。采用单因素实验,载体TC2和TM1的最优化影响因子为含水量30%、吸附温度30℃、菌液接种浓度为108cfu.mL-1。 相似文献
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Hikers passing through nature easily recognize that the vegetation on limestone (calcareous soils) and silicate (acidic soils) is very different. This is not so much the case with trees but with herbs, particularly in grasslands. These differences in the vegetation on both soil types, referred to as the lime–silicate question, were recognized as early as the 18th century. Even so, fairly little is known about why this occurs. The current paucity of information exists mainly because the determinants that govern the formation of plant communities on either lime or acid soils mainly reside below-ground, in the root-surface area, and these complex below-ground interactions are almost impossible to explore through experimental approaches and direct measurements. Element availability or toxicity and interactions with microorganisms are both equally important. The calcium cation, for example, is not only an essential growth component but can be severely toxic to plants in unbalanced concentrations. Plants also vary in their ability to acquire iron and phosphorus. Aluminium toxicity affects plant growth, particularly in acid soils, and acid-tolerant plants have acquired the capability to cope with high levels of Al in soils. Mainly saprophytic fungi serve to degrade litter in acid soils and liberate nutrients for plant growth. In calcareous soils, bacteria and small animals, such as earthworms and their inhabitant bacteria, are the main decomposers of litter and contribute significantly to the fertility of the soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have a particularly significant role in calcareous soils, where they are believed to determine the competitiveness of plants in lime meadows. Physical factors also impact the different composition of plant communities in acid and calcareous soils. 相似文献
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《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1)
Original Papers (pp. 805–810) K2Ca2Si2O7, the major component of fused potassium silicate fertilizer, released potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and silicon (Si) in a slow manner. The 10% of K in K2Ca2Si2O7 was quickly solubilized in water. Further K dissolution was very slow. The amounts of dissolved Ca and Si in water were much smaller than that of K. The decrease of the Ca and Si concentration in water indicated the occurrence of a re-deposit of Ca and Si at a later stage. The surface imaging method was used in order to study the slow-release process of K2Ca2Si2O7 in water. The surface analysis of K2Ca2Si2O7 particles after dissolution in water for 30 min showed that there were Ca- and Si-rich particles stuck on the fertilizer surface. The results of the analysis of the cross section of K2Ca2Si2O7 particles showed that the K content was lower than those of Ca and Si in the surface boundary layer. On the other hand, the mole ratio of K, Ca and Si was same inside the fertilizer particle. In the portion between the inside and the surface of the fertilizer particle, the content of K and Ca was lower than that of Si. These results indicated that the order of dissolution of fertilizer components from K2Ca2Si2O7 particle was first K, then Ca, and Si last. From the results mentioned above, the process of slow-release K was speculated to be as follows: 1) K on the particle surface was released quickly by an ion exchange reaction with hydrogen ions in water. 2) K inside the particle was released slowly because of dissolution through Si-O-Si bonds. 相似文献
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硅酸盐菌剂是一种细菌肥料,在甘薯上使用能够促进其生长发育,无论作基肥、种肥还是追肥均具有明显的增产效果。在使用量相同的条件下,以栽插时施于穴内效果最好。做基肥时,不同的使用量较对照均表现明显增产,但以15～30kg/hm2较为经济合理。 相似文献
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Wedisson Oliveira Santos Edson Marcio Mattiello Leonardus Vergutz Rodolfo Fagundes Costa 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2016,179(4):547-556
Rising price and limited geographical availability of traditional sources of potassium (K) fertilizers have stimulated a search for alternative K sources in different parts of the world. We evaluated mineral transformations and agronomic properties of an alternative source of K produced through thermal and chemical treatment of the verdete rock (VR). Chemical and mineralogical characteristics were evaluated before and after each treatment. Four K sources (verdete rock, KCl, acidified verdete, and calcinated verdete) were applied to a Typic Hapludox at different rates. Eucalyptus and sequentially cropped maize and grass were grown in the treated soils. Verdete rock, which contained glauconite and microcline as K crystalline minerals, had very low solubility in water and in citric acid. Thermal and chemical treatments increased the concentration of water soluble K and citric acid soluble K. These treatments also caused crystalline K minerals to collapse and form sylvite and arcanite. Untreated verdete rock was not suitable as a K source for maize (Zea mays L.) and eucalyptus (Eucaliptus urograndis I144). Thermal and chemical treatments increased agronomic performance of VR to be similar to KCl. When K was applied as K‐calcined verdete, 82% of the total K was recovered in maize and grass cultivations. Less K was recovered in plant following addition of K‐acidified verdete and KCl (72% and 77%, respectively). Potassium recoveries by eucalyptus were about 52, 53, and 60% of the amount applied of calcined verdete, acidified verdete, and KCl, respectively. Both calcination and thermal treatment increased the K uptake and dry matter production for all plant species tested to be similar to KCl suggesting that this silicate rock could be beneficiated to be an effective K fertilizer. 相似文献