共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 172 毫秒
1.
为探究添加不同碳源物质所形成的生物絮团对团头鲂鱼种生长、消化酶以及抗氧化酶活性的影响,设计5个不同碳源物质的添加组[淀粉组、葡萄糖组、蔗糖组、甜蜜素组和复合碳源组(葡萄糖∶淀粉=1∶1)],其中淀粉组为对照组,每个碳源添加组设置3个重复。每个水泥池投放团头鲂鱼种20尾,初始体质量为(36.74±0.82)g,实验期为8周。结果发现:(1)形成的生物絮团可以有效地调节水质,降低水体中的氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮水平;(2)与对照组相比,葡萄糖组团头鲂鱼种的鱼体末质量显著提高23.1%,增重率显著提高39.4%,特定生长率也显著提高23.6%,饲料系数显著降低28.1%,但存活率并没有显著差异;(3)肠道组织光镜观察表明,团头鲂鱼种肠道单层柱状上皮附近存在未消化的生物絮团;(4)添加不同碳源形成的生物絮团对团头鲂鱼种体成分没有显著的影响;(5)复合碳源组的肠道总蛋白酶的活性(3.64±0.53)U/mg显著高于对照组275.3%,淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组(淀粉组)289.2%、葡萄糖组166.7%和蔗糖组860%;(6)葡萄糖组的团头鲂超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性为(238.67±13.63)U/mg,显著高于对照组的SOD活性72.5%,葡萄糖组团头鲂的过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性为(192.31±17.06)U/mg,显著高于对照组的CAT活性40.4%,与对照组的丙二醛(MDA)水平相比,葡萄糖组、蔗糖组、甜蜜素组和复合碳源组分别显著降低了69.0%、59.7%、38%.0和48.8%。研究表明,水体中添加葡萄糖为碳源能显著提高团头鲂鱼种的生长性能和抗氧化水平,并有效改善水质。 相似文献
2.
采用模拟实验与现场实验相结合的方法,通过添加3种微生态制剂及碳水化合物作为碳源,研究了其在生物絮团形成与水质调节中的作用,并分析了其对水中无机氮含量、悬浮物、细菌总数及幼参生长的影响,为阐明生物絮团在刺参工厂化苗种培育中的生态环境调控作用提供依据。结果表明,亚硝态氮易于在培育池水体中累积,可高达0.25 mg/L;添加芽孢杆菌后,水中总悬浮物含量和细菌总数均为最高值,且未检测到弧菌和大肠菌群;第20天,仅添加蔗糖组幼参增重与特定生长率均明显高于其他复合碳源组和对照组(P0.05),分别为44.34 g和2.19%/d;而添加蔗糖和芽孢杆菌组增重与特定生长率均明显高于其他处理组和对照组(P0.05),分别为66.60 g和3.01%/d;复合碳源组幼参增重与特定生长率随着玉米淀粉含量增加而逐渐降低,但与对照差异均不显著(P0.05)。结果显示,以蔗糖为碳源,添加芽孢杆菌形成的生物絮团不仅可以改善水体水质和微生态结构,还可以明显促进幼参的生长。 相似文献
3.
《渔业科学进展》2014,(4)
采用模拟实验与现场实验相结合的方法,通过添加3种微生态制剂及碳水化合物作为碳源,研究了其在生物絮团形成与水质调节中的作用,并分析了其对水中无机氮含量、悬浮物、细菌总数及幼参生长的影响,为阐明生物絮团在刺参工厂化苗种培育中的生态环境调控作用提供依据。结果表明,亚硝态氮易于在培育池水体中累积,可高达0.25 mg/L;添加芽孢杆菌后,水中总悬浮物含量和细菌总数均为最高值,且未检测到弧菌和大肠菌群;第20天,仅添加蔗糖组幼参增重与特定生长率均明显高于其他复合碳源组和对照组(P0.05),分别为44.34 g和2.19%/d;而添加蔗糖和芽孢杆菌组增重与特定生长率均明显高于其他处理组和对照组(P0.05),分别为66.60 g和3.01%/d;复合碳源组幼参增重与特定生长率随着玉米淀粉含量增加而逐渐降低,但与对照差异均不显著(P0.05)。结果显示,以蔗糖为碳源,添加芽孢杆菌形成的生物絮团不仅可以改善水体水质和微生态结构,还可以明显促进幼参的生长。 相似文献
4.
《福建水产》2015,(5)
为提高凡纳滨对虾种苗生产的生态化水平,分别以蔗糖、葡萄糖、淀粉为添加碳源,添加量为投饵量的50%,同时添加地衣芽孢杆菌,在1 000 L的水体中进行凡纳滨对虾生物絮团技术育苗实验。结果表明添加碳源组絮团含量明显高于对照组(不添加碳源和芽孢杆菌),且蔗糖组絮团的形成比淀粉组和葡萄糖组早;蔗糖组和葡萄糖组的氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量均显著低于对照组和淀粉组,其亚硝酸盐峰值浓度分别比对照组降低25.4%和31.4%,且未换水即自行下降;添加碳源各组絮团的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量均显著高于对照组,粗蛋白含量最高的蔗糖组达到32.6%。仔虾幼体P14时,葡萄糖组和蔗糖组的仔虾体长分别比对照组增长22.8%和19.2%(P0.01),差异极显著。表明在凡纳滨对虾生物絮团技术育苗中,蔗糖和葡萄糖作为添加碳源是合适的。 相似文献
5.
不同碳源对凡纳滨对虾育苗标粗水体生物絮团的结构、营养成分、细菌群落及其水质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研究凡纳滨对虾育苗标粗阶段生物絮团形成所需要的适合碳源,设计3种不同碳源添加组(葡萄糖组、淀粉组和蔗糖组),每个处理组设置3个重复,实验期20 d,以分析不同碳源添加后对水体生物絮团的形成、营养成分、细菌群落结构及水质指标的影响。结果显示,在碳源添加量均为投喂量的80%时,形成的生物絮团可有效调节水质,降低水体中的氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮水平。3个碳源添加组水样中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮浓度显著低于对照组,淀粉组水样中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮浓度显著高于葡萄糖组和蔗糖组;最终对虾存活率统计结果显示,葡萄糖组、淀粉组、蔗糖组和对照组分别为72.9%、54.2%、69.8%和44.3%;淀粉组的生物絮团沉降体积(BFV)显著低于葡萄糖组,蔗糖组BFV最高,在13～15 d后3组均趋于稳定;葡萄糖组和蔗糖组的粗蛋白含量均显著高于淀粉组,葡萄糖组和蔗糖组则差异不显著;葡萄糖组和蔗糖组生物絮团中组氨酸、精氨酸、蛋氨酸等必需氨基酸和天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸等非必需氨基酸含量都显著高于淀粉组;葡萄糖组、淀粉组和蔗糖组的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)值分别为0.93、0.89和0.92。3种类型生物絮团在门级水平的细菌群落共有18余种,其中变形菌门和拟杆菌门在各组占有比例均最高,淀粉组拟杆菌门含量显著高于其他2组,蔗糖组浮霉菌门和放线菌门含量显著高于葡萄糖组和淀粉组。研究表明,添加不同碳源可影响水体生物絮团的形成、营养成分、细菌群落结构和多样性,不同程度地改善水质。以必须氨基酸指数及存活率为评价指标,则葡萄糖和蔗糖都是凡纳滨对虾育苗标粗水体中适宜的碳源选择。 相似文献
6.
为确定斑节对虾（Penaeus monodon）养殖系统中生物絮团形成所需的最适碳源及添加量,试验选取葡萄糖、蔗糖、糖蜜3种碳源按碳（C）与氮（N）比（C/ N）为20：1添加,再按日投饲量的0％、25％、50％、75％和100％添加蔗糖,以期获得其最适添加量。结果显示,添加3种不同糖作为碳源均可以显著提高斑节对虾的特定生长率（P ﹤0.05）,而添加蔗糖可以显著提高斑节对虾的成活率（P ﹤0.05）;与其他组相比,添加75％的蔗糖组可以显著提高斑节对虾的特定生长率和成活率（P ﹤0.05）,促进异养细菌和浮游植物的繁殖,水体氨氮（NH4-N）、亚硝酸氮（NO2-N）等有害物质的浓度较低,过多的添加蔗糖却会起到反作用。结果表明添加75％的蔗糖最适合生物絮团在斑节对虾养殖系统中形成,并促进斑节对虾的生长。 相似文献
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8.
饲料中不同糖源对方格星虫稚虫日增重和消化酶的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以葡萄糖、蔗糖、糊精、木薯淀粉、土豆淀粉、玉米淀粉、糊化玉米淀粉为糖源制成7种等氮等脂饲料,投喂方格星虫（Sipunculus nudus）稚虫8周,研究不同糖源对稚星虫日增重和消化酶的影响。结果表明,不同糖源对稚星虫的日增重有显著的影响（P〈0.05）。糊化玉米淀粉组的日增重显著高于其他各糖源组（P〈0.05）;葡萄糖组的日增重显著低于其他糖源组（P〈0.05）;未经糊化的3种淀粉组的日增重显著高于蔗糖、糊精及葡萄糖组（P〈0.05）。消化酶活性的分析结果表明,不同糖源对稚星虫消化酶活性影响显著（P〈0.05）。其中,蔗糖组稚星虫的蛋白酶活性和淀粉酶活性最高,显著高于其他糖源组（P〈0.05）;脂肪酶活性以葡萄糖组最低,显著低于除蔗糖组外的其他糖源组（P〈0.05）。在该研究条件下,大分子糖类（淀粉）的促生长效果优于双糖（蔗糖）和单糖（葡萄糖）,糊化淀粉促生长效果优于未糊化淀粉。 相似文献
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10.
为了研究零换水条件下团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)养殖水体生物絮团形成所需的适合的碳氮比(C/N),以及不同C/N形成的生物絮团对团头鲂生长、消化酶活性和非特异性免疫力的影响,本实验设计4个不同C/N实验组,包括投喂基础饲料(C/N=8∶1)的对照组,在基础饲料上添加葡萄糖的处理组,其中将处理组的C/N分别调整为12∶1(C/N12)、16∶1(C/N16)和20∶1(C/N20).结果显示,C/N16和C/N20处理组中团头鲂的增重率和特定生长率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),而饲料系数显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);C/N16和C/N20处理组中团头鲂肠道的蛋白酶活性和淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);而各实验组中团头鲂肠道的脂肪酶活性没有显著性差异;C/N16和C/N20处理组中团头鲂肝脏超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶和溶菌酶活性显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).研究表明,生物絮团技术应用于团头鲂养殖适宜的C/N应不低于16,该条件下形成的生物絮团能有效提高团头鲂生长、消化酶和免疫相关酶活性. 相似文献
11.
Vc对栉孔扇贝体内水解酶和抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究了注射不同剂量Vc对栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)体内5种参与免疫防御反应的水解酶和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,当Vc注射剂量为20μg/g和40μg/g时,在注射后12、24和48h,两实验组栉孔扇贝体内溶菌酶(LSZ)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性都明显升高,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均明显降低。同时本实验发现,Vc对40μg/g实验组中各种酶的活性刺激与20μg/g实验组相比需要更长的时间。本研究表明,Vc可有效增强栉孔扇贝的免疫活性,且因剂量不同而有差异。 相似文献
12.
中华倒刺鲃仔稚鱼期消化酶及碱性磷酸酶活性变化的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验选取了中华倒刺鲃从初孵仔鱼到30日龄稚鱼,分析测定了中华倒刺鲃的特定生长率、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性。结果表明：在整个试验期间,中华倒刺鲃的SGR为26.43%。在初孵仔鱼体内就能检测到胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性。胰蛋白酶在内源营养阶段具有较高的活性,在4日龄开口时其比活力降到一较低值,随后呈现增加的趋势,在18日龄达到最低值后又缓慢增加。淀粉酶在试验期间表现出较高的活性,比活力一直呈增加的趋势。脂肪酶在18日龄前其比活力一直增加,并且在7-18日龄表现出较高的比活力水平,18日龄后快速下降。碱性磷酸酶活性则呈现出一直增加的趋势。 相似文献
13.
Robinson Jeya Shakila Parthiban Fathiraja Geevaretnam Jeyasekaran Shalini Rajendran 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(7):986-1000
ABSTRACTIn the present study, antioxidative potential of squid protein hydrolysates (SPH) prepared using endogenous pepsin and trypsin prepared from the stomach and pyloric ceca of seer fish respectively was evaluated, in comparison with commercial enzymes. Degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the pepsin SPH ranged between 8–11% and trypsin SPH between 12–14% after 150 min of hydrolysis. SPH prepared with endogenous enzymes had significantly higher DH than commercial enzymes. Pepsinogen SPH expressed more DH than pepsin SPH. Trypsin SPH exhibited good metal chelating ability (98%), which was equivalent to EDTA at 130 ppm. Pepsin SPH showed higher super oxide anion scavenging activity (75%). Trypsin and pepsin SPH also had high DPPH radical scavenging (85%), ABTS radical scavenging (93%) and ferric reducing (Abs700 = 1.2) abilities. Thus, metal chelating and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities of SPH are dependent on enzymes rather than DH. 相似文献
14.
生物絮团对仿刺参幼参生长与酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以仿刺参幼参(Apostichopus japonicus)为研究对象, 采用发酵法培养生物絮团, 在室内塑料水槽中进行为期30 d的幼参培育实验。选择蔗糖作为碳源, 并设置饵料替代(0、10%、15%和20%共计4个梯度)和换水频次 (3 d/次和7 d/次两种)正交实验, 分析其对幼参生长、成活及其体内消化酶、免疫性酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量的影响, 为生物絮团培育幼参技术确定最佳投饵量和换水频次等参数提供依据。结果表明, 实验期间处理组淀粉酶(AMS)活性总体均高于对照组, 生物絮团可以提高幼参淀粉酶活性; 第15天时, 每3 d换水1次并替代15%饵料的处理组幼参体壁中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD, 32.9 U/mg prot)及碱性磷酸酶(AKP, 146.8 U/g prot)活性高于其他3组和对照组(P<0.05); 而每7 d换水1次且替代20%饵料组SOD(35.3 U/mg prot)及AKP酶活性(158.8 U/g prot)均明显高于对照组(P< 0.05)。第30天时, 每7 d换水1次且替代10%饵料组幼参淀粉酶和SOD活性均比15 d有所升高, 尤其AKP活性明显升高; 其特定生长率(4.12 %/d)与成活率(98.9%)均最高。每7 d换水1次且替代15%饵料组体壁中可溶性蛋白含量(10.9 mg/g)最高, 均明显高于对照组(P <0.05); 但与替代10%饵料组(9.3 mg/g)差异不显著。而每3 d换水1次且替代20%饵料组幼参成活率(91.8%)最低, 其可溶性蛋白含量与其他3组和对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。适当降低换水频次和减少投饵量适于生物絮团系统中幼参的生长、存活与可溶性蛋白质积累。
相似文献15.
Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) have much greater vertical mobility than yellowfin (T. albacares) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) tunas, due to an apparent greater tolerance of the changes in ambient temperature and oxygen occurring with depth. In an attempt to identify physiological processes (e.g., effects of temperature on cardiac function) responsible for these behavioral differences, we examined enzyme activities (at 12 °C, 17 °C, and 25 °C) of cardiac muscle in all three species. Contrary to our expectations, we found few differences and no clear explanatory patterns in maximum enzyme activities (Vmax) or enzyme activity ratios. For example, citrate synthase (CS) activity was the same in bigeye and skipjack tunas, but 40% lower in yellowfin tuna, whereas carnitine palmotoyltransferase (CPT) activity in skipjack tuna was approximately double that in the other two species. The ratio of CPT to pyruvate kinase (PK) activity, a measure of the tissues preference for fatty acids as metabolic substrates, was the same in bigeye and yellowfin tunas, but elevated skipjack tuna. The ratios of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to CS activity and of PK to CS activity (anaerobic–aerobic enzyme activity ratios – taken as measures of the tissues ability to tolerate hypoxia) were both elevated in yellowfin tuna cardiac tissue relative to the other two species. We also found no differences in temperature sensitivity (Q10 values) when comparing cardiac enzyme activities across species, nor effects of temperature on the substrate affinity (Km) of LDH. In sum, our results do not suggest any clear metabolic difference in the cardiac muscle that would explain the apparent greater tolerance of bigeye tuna to acute hypoxia and ambient temperature changes or their substantially greater vertical mobility. 相似文献
16.
The growth, survival and trypsin, lipase and amylase activities of red drum larvae were measured in two experiments. For the first trial, a group was fed live prey only (L) and another group was fed a combination of a microparticulate diet (MPD) and live food (L-MP). For the second growth trial a group fed the MPD only (MP) and a starvation group (ST) were examined in addition to the L and L-MP treatments. Enzyme activities of live prey were measured to estimate their possible contribution to larval digestion. No significant ( P > 0.05) differences in final size and survival were observed between treatments L and L-MP. Larvae subjected to starvation or fed the MPD diet alone were smaller than treatments fed live prey and did not survive past days 5 and 14, respectively. Trypsin, lipase and amylase activities were detectable at hatching. No significant differences ( P > 0.05) in total enzyme activities among treatments were observed before day 14. Specific activity of trypsin, lipase and amylase peaked on day 3 (prior to first feeding) and subsequently decreased. For trypsin, the percentage of enzyme activity potentially attributable to ingested prey increased with age to a maximum of 17%. For lipase and amylase this fraction was less than 5% throughout the study, except on day 8 (12% and 24%, respectively). The lack of significant differences observed in the activity of digestive enzymes among treatments suggests that dietary regime, availability of prey and possible effects of exogenous enzymes did not significantly influence enzyme activity. Therefore, the lower growth rate observed in the L-MP, MP and starved treatments cannot be attributed to low digestive enzyme production of the enzymes measured. It is more likely that the MPD failed to supply the required nutrients for adequate development. 相似文献
17.
Yan Li Qinghui Ai Kangsen Mai Wei Xu Junming Deng Zhenyan Cheng 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(6):1051-1060
This study was conducted to compare the effects of fish meal (FM) replacement by two types of soybean meals (SBMs) on activities of digestive enzyme, intestinal brush border enzyme and aminotransferases of juvenile Japanese seabass (initial weight 8.3 ± 0.2 g). Nine isonitrogenous (crude protein 44%) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g?1) experimental diets replacing 0 (the control), 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% FM protein by high‐protein SBM (HSB) or commercial SBM (CSB) were formulated. The concentrations of anti‐nutritional factors (ANFs) in HSB were relatively lower compared with CSB (P < 0.05). After 10‐week feeding experiment, activities of digestive enzymes, intestinal brush border enzymes and aminotransferases in liver decreased with increasing dietary SBM. When the substitution level was above 30% with CSB and 60% with HSB, activities of pepsin, disaccharidase in the intestinal brush border membrane and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in liver were significantly lower than the control. However, activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and AST in serum were significantly higher than the control when the substitution level was above 30% with CSB and 60% with HSB. Regression analysis showed that effects of FM substitution by HSB on digestion and metabolism of juvenile seabass were relatively smaller compared with CSB. 相似文献
18.
东寨港翡翠贻贝、红肉河蓝蛤和光裸星虫消化酶的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对东寨港3种不同生长阶段几种大型底栖生物的消化酶活力进行了研究，结果表明，淀粉酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶和胃蛋白酶活力随着个体在不同底栖生物生长阶段中呈现出不同的变化：（1）翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis Linnaeus)消化酶活力的研究结果表明，淀粉酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶活力随着个体的生长不断增大。（2）红肉河蓝蛤（Potamocorbula rubromuscula Zhuang and Cai)的研究结果表明，淀粉酶，胃蛋白酶和脂肪酶活力随着个体的生长不断减小，纤维素酶活力随着个体的生长不断增大。（3）光裸星虫（Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus)的淀粉酶和纤维素酶的活力随着个体的增大而增大，脂肪酶活力随着个体的增大而减小。 相似文献
19.
Effects of short‐chain fructooligosaccharides on growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) reared at winter and summer temperatures 
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下载免费PDF全文 I. Guerreiro P. Enes D. Merrifield S. Davies A. Oliva‐Teles 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2015,21(4):433-443
The effect of short‐chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) incorporation on growth, feed utilization, body composition, plasmatic metabolites and selected liver enzyme activities of turbot juveniles reared at winter (15 °C) and summer (20 °C) temperatures was studied. Four comparable diets were formulated to contain circa 50 : 50 fish meal and plant ingredients as protein sources. Experimental diets included increasing levels of scFOS (0, 5, 10 and 20 g kg?1). Final weight was higher at 20 °C, but thermal growth unit, feed efficiency, nitrogen and energy retention were better at 15 °C. scFOS supplementation did not affect fish growth performance. Fish reared at 15 °C had higher liver glycogen, visceral and hepatosomatic indices. Liver lipids, plasma triglycerides, total lipids, cholesterol HDL and LDL were higher in turbot reared at 20 °C. Malic enzyme, fatty acid synthetase, alanine aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were higher in fish reared at 15 °C. Malic enzyme was lower in turbot fed with 20 g kg?1 scFOS compared to control diet; however, fatty acid synthetase presented an increasing trend as dietary scFOS increased up to 10 g kg?1. Glutamate dehydrogenase activity was higher in fish fed the control diet. Results seem to indicate no benefits of scFOS incorporation to diets on growth performance of turbot. 相似文献