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采用连续切片法进行鸡胚胎显微观察,研究寿光鸡原始生殖细胞（PGCs）形态和分布规律。试验结果表明,PGCs在迁移过程中出现3次聚集高峰。第1次是在孵化19～22 h时聚集在生殖新月处;第2次是在孵化48～55 h时聚集在心脏和背主动脉中;第3次是孵化4~5 d时的生殖嵴中。生殖新月区的PGCs呈不规整的圆形或卵圆形,细胞内含有大量的糖原颗粒,血液中PGCs呈规整的圆形。性腺中PGCs呈圆形或卵圆形,有伪足。胞核均呈圆形或椭圆形,偏向细胞边缘。细胞直径为10~22.5 μm,细胞核的大小均为7.5 μm左右。 相似文献
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四氯联苯对鸡胚生殖新月原始生殖细胞分布的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探索四氯联苯(2,2′,5,5′)对鸡胚生殖新月原始生殖细胞(PGCs)分布的影响,本试验将四氯联苯注入种蛋的胚盘(第X期)处,在38℃,相对湿度60%,每2h45度转蛋的条件下孵化至原条期,通过不同方法检测原条期生殖新月明区、暗区及血液循环中的PGCs,探讨四氯联苯对胚盘生殖新月区PGCs分布的影响。结果表明,四氯联苯明显降低了原条期明区和血液中PGSs的数量(P<0.01),但对暗区PGCs的数量影响不明显。这说明四氯联苯对血液中PGCs的影响是由于降低了生殖新月明区PGCs的缘故,和暗区的PGCs无相关性。 相似文献
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为研究异种间嵌合体的制作方法及供体和受体的嵌合情况,同时探讨绿色荧光蛋白(pEGFP-N3)基因作为报告基因在转基因动物制作中的应用价值。本研究利用脂质体介导法将外源pEGFP-N3质粒转入到北京鸭原始生殖细胞(PGCs)中,将转染后的PGCs以微注射法转移至受体北京油鸡的胚下腔,探索转基因鸡鸭嵌合体的制作方法。结果显示:PGCs在转染后6 h开始有外源基因的表达,体外培养24 h后获得了33.6%的转染效率。120枚蛋在整个孵化期中共有33枚鸡胚发育,但最终无孵化成活鸡。在13个鸡胚中检测到有外源基因的存在,阳性率为10.8%。PCR扩增禽类W染色体特异性的重复序列发现,8只嵌合体公鸡的性腺都嵌合了供体异性的细胞。研究结果表明所采用的嵌合体制作方法制备转基因禽类是可行的。鸭PGCs能够迁移并定居到鸡胚性腺中,并有可能在鸡性腺中增殖分化成有功能的配子。 相似文献
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鸡新城疫强毒株的分离及其人工感染试验 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
采用鸡胚接种法从安徽凤阳某患病鸡群中分离到一株病毒，经HA、HI试验及知清中和接种鸡胚试验，确定为新城疫病毒。参照国际上规定的新城疫病毒力判定的标准及其方法，测定该分离株的鸡胚是小致死量平均死亡时间（MDT）、1日龄鸡脑内接种致病指数（ICPI）和6周龄鸡静脉内接种致病指数（IVPI）分别为44h、1．74和2．39。表明该分离株具有与新城疫病毒发型相类似的毒力，属强毒力毒株。用该分离株对16日龄的鸡、鹅、鸭分别进行了人工试验感染，其发病率均为100％，而死亡率为分别为40％－80％、40％－60％和0。 相似文献
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在鸡胚孵化的 19期以Ficoll密度梯度离心和酶解离两种方法分离生殖嵴中的原始生殖细胞 (PGCs)。探索在生殖嵴中PGCs分离、培养的适宜方法 ,以获得较多数量 ,较高活力的PGCs作介导生产转基因鸡。在倒置显微镜下进行形态观察 ,台盼兰染色比较存活时间 ,PAS特异染色法识别鉴定PGCs。结果表明两种分离方法均能分离到一定数量的PGCs细胞。与Ficoll密度梯度离心法相比 ,酶解离法分离到的PGCs的相对数量较多 ,存活时间较长 ,是一种较可行的分离方法。在鸡胚孵化的第 19期 ,PGCs大量聚集在肢体后端的生殖嵴原基处 ,此时的生殖嵴大小已达一定程度 ,分离其中的PGCs操作简便 ,有较强的可操作性 ;提取出的PGCs为转基因鸡的生产提供了介导材料 相似文献
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探讨E.tenella在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞体外培养的营养条件,观察其发育过程。用鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞体外培养E.tenella,对子孢子接种基础培养基、营养物质含量及血清浓度进行了优选,并对优化营养条件下E.tenella的发育过程进行了观察。MEM199培养基中24、48、72h的虫体感染率显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)高于DMEM培养基;MEM199培养基中叶酸、VB6、VB1的含量为6mg·L-1时,24、48、72h的虫体感染率显著(P0.05)高于其他组,分别为25.33%、12.67%和12.33%;MEM199培养基中葡萄糖含量为3000mg·L-1,胰岛素含量为0.40mg·L-1时,有较多的成熟裂殖体形成;接种子孢子后于4、48、96h换液,接种时和4、48h血清浓度为2.5%,96h为1%,有利于子孢子的后期发育;优化营养条件下,细胞接种子孢子后4、24、48、72、96、120h的细胞虫体感染率分别为42%、28%、20%、15%、13.67%、13.67%,且E.tenella可在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞中完成内生发育过程,并形成卵囊。结果表明,获得了能使E.tenella在鸡胚盲肠上皮细胞完成整个内生发育的体外培养营养条件。 相似文献
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鸡胚法氏囊的组织发育 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本试验通过对孵化至１３－２１日龄的鸡胚法氏囊进行组织学的连续性动态观察,较为详细地描述了早日龄鸡胚法氏囊的组织学分化发育过程。实验结果显示,直至出壳胶鸡胚法氏囊尚未形成较完整的能组织起 体液免疫促进作用的组织基础结构,其完善的形态结构需在后天环境中分化和发育。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664