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1.
We used polycarbonate sieves with uniform cylindrical pores (2.4 to 6.8 microns in diameter) to filter suspensions of human erythrocytes (mean major diameter is 7.2 microns) in Eagle-albumin solution. With 6.8-micron sieves the pressure-flow curves are convexed to the pressure-axis at low pressures and become linear with high pressures. With 4.5-micron sieves, however, the pressure-flow relationship is linear throughout the range of study. In both types of sieves, flow rate is reduced progressively with increasing concentration of red blood cells (RBC) over a range of 0.5 to 95 percent. The resistance to flow of RBC suspensions is higher in 4.5-micron than in 6.8-micron pores. With filter pore diameters of 3.0 microns or more, the RBC concentration in the filtrate was 100 percent of that in the solution being filtered, but only 70 percent with 2.4-micron pores. The observed critical pore diameter for 100 percent cell transmission agrees with theoretical calculation based on the assumption that the RBC membrane is deformable but nonextensible. The importance of cell deformation in the passage of RBC's through small pores is shown by the inability of RBC hardened in acetaldehyde to pass pores with 6.8-micron diameter. 相似文献
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The microscopic structure of oxygen confined in silica xerogels has been studied as a function of temperature. In large pores, a crystalline solid forms with a structure consistent with that of the bulk. The size of the crystallites is much larger than the pore size, indicating that cooperative effects among pores are important in freezing. As the pore size is decreased, a crossover occurs where solidification results in an amorphous phase in the pores. The resulting amorphous phase is solid but is less ordered than the liquid phase. 相似文献
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采用正交试验方法,探讨了不同埋深、孔径、孔距、防堵套长度的简易地下滴灌在定压供水条件下渗水量、管道水压分布和土壤水分入渗规律。结果表明,滴水管的出水量随时间呈幂函数下降,单孔出水量随孔径和孔距的增大而显著增大;地下滴灌的灌水均匀度随孔径的增大、孔距的减小而降低;地下滴灌的土壤入渗宽度随孔径的增大、孔距的减小、埋深的减小而增大,入渗深度则相反;对渭北旱塬地区,现行的果树简易地下滴灌的管道埋深、孔径、孔距应分别为40cm,0.9mm,60～80cm。 相似文献
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Nuclear pore complexes are multiprotein channels that span the double lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope. How new pores are inserted into the intact nuclear envelope of proliferating and differentiating eukaryotic cells is unknown. We found that the Nup107-160 complex was incorporated into assembly sites in the nuclear envelope from both the nucleoplasmic and the cytoplasmic sides. Nuclear pore insertion required the generation of Ran guanosine triphosphate in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Newly formed nuclear pore complexes did not contain structural components of preexisting pores, suggesting that they can form de novo. 相似文献
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The hindrance effect on the aqueous diffusion rate of solutes within membrane pores of molecular size has been accurately determined. Mica membranes, 3 to 5 micrometers thick, were prepared with uniform, straight pores from 90 to 600 angstroms in diameter. With these membranes a direct estimation was possible of the interaction between pore size and molecular diffusion rates. There were no uncertainties due to wide pore size distributions or nonuniform tortuous channels as in previously used model microporous materials such as dialysis tubing or gels. Aqueous diffusion rates through these mica membranes were measured for a series of compounds with molecular diameters from 5.2 to 43 angstroms and were corrected for "liquid film resistances" adjacent to the membrane-solution interface to obtain estimates of molecular diffusivities within the micropores of the membrane. Definite evidence is presented showing that, even when molecular size is a small fraction of pore size, diffusion rates decrease markedly. The apparent reduction in solute diffusivity in the microporous membrane can be quantitatively estimated by means of the Renkin equation for hindered diffusion. 相似文献
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Chmiola J Yushin G Gogotsi Y Portet C Simon P Taberna PL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5794):1760-1763
Carbon supercapacitors, which are energy storage devices that use ion adsorption on the surface of highly porous materials to store charge, have numerous advantages over other power-source technologies, but could realize further gains if their electrodes were properly optimized. Studying the effect of the pore size on capacitance could potentially improve performance by maximizing the electrode surface area accessible to electrolyte ions, but until recently, no studies had addressed the lower size limit of accessible pores. Using carbide-derived carbon, we generated pores with average sizes from 0.6 to 2.25 nanometer and studied double-layer capacitance in an organic electrolyte. The results challenge the long-held axiom that pores smaller than the size of solvated electrolyte ions are incapable of contributing to charge storage. 相似文献
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不同含水率状态下木材细胞壁孔径分布变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
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The fusion pore of regulated exocytosis is a channel that connects and spans the vesicle and plasma membranes. The molecular composition of this important intermediate structure of exocytosis is unknown. Here, we found that mutations of some residues within the transmembrane segment of syntaxin (Syx), a plasma membrane protein essential for exocytosis, altered neurotransmitter flux through fusion pores and altered pore conductance. The residues that influenced fusion-pore flux lay along one face of an alpha-helical model. Thus, the fusion pore is formed at least in part by a circular arrangement of 5 to 8 Syx transmembrane segments in the plasma membrane. 相似文献
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基于图像的智能木材识别方法是通过自动提取木材的识别特征来识别木材,对木材科学和产业具有十分重要的意义。提出了一种基于改进区域生长的木材导管形态特征提取方法:采用分治策略改进区域生长法实现木材横切面显微图像中导管细胞的快速分割,用链码跟踪技术提取了10个导管细胞的形态特征;选取了6种阔叶材树种的横切面显微图像进行仿真实验。实验结果显示:本文方法能提高导管细胞的分割速度;所提取的10个形态特征在给定的树种显微图像上具有较高的区分度,说明将本文方法用于阔叶材树种智能识别具有较强的可行性。 相似文献
12.
Nuclear mitochondria? 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Recognizable mitochondria were detected in the nucleus of a leukemic cell. It is suggested that passage through enlarged nuclear pores, incorporation within a pinched off invagination, or inclusion within the nuclear envelope at telophase may have been responsible for this unusual event. 相似文献
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【目的】探讨秸秆覆盖对广西甘蔗地土壤孔隙结构、孔隙数量、连通性等性质的影响,分析土壤孔隙结构特点及水分运移通道特征,为广西地区甘蔗生产中的科学合理种植提供理论依据。【方法】设秸秆覆盖（SM）与无秸秆覆盖对照（CK）2种处理,利用CT扫描成像技术和ImageJ软件获取土壤孔隙结构数据并测定土壤有机质,结合原位监测获得的5、20、40 cm深度的土壤含水量数据,对比分析不同处理的孔隙结构特点及土壤水分运移通道特征。【结果】SM处理0~10 cm土层的有机质含量显著高于CK （P<0.05,下同）;相同深度下SM处理的土壤含水量均高于CK。0~40 cm土层中,SM处理的土壤孔隙面密度显著大于CK,而CK的土壤孔隙复杂度显著高于SM处理。SM处理的孔隙数量（19190个）、直径≥1 mm孔隙数量（952个）、孔隙度（0.07%）及比表面积（1.64 mm-1）均显著大于CK对应值（9415个,690个,0.06%,1.43 mm-1）。土壤孔隙三维结构显示,CK的总孔隙数量少且多分散在0~20 cm土层,空间分布呈明显的分层现象;而SM处理的总土壤孔隙数量多且均匀分布在整个空间,无明显孔隙分布分层现象,且其连通性孔隙发育较完善。【结论】秸秆覆盖处理可有效提高广西甘蔗地的土壤含水量,增加土壤孔隙数量,从而整体提高土壤孔隙连通性,对土壤孔隙结构改善有一定积极影响,有利于促进甘蔗根系的生长发育。 相似文献
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A survey of the structure of the cell walls of green, brown, and red algae, as seen under light and electron microscopes is in progress. In this report a comparison of the cell wall structure of a brown alga, Dictyota flabellata, and a red alga, Helminthocladia californica, is presented. In Dictyota, typicalofthe brown algae, the microfibrillar pattern in the apical cells and in the adjacent cells of the thallus tip is reticulate. In mature cells the microfibrils are dominantly parallel in orientation. Pits, fields ofclosely set pores, are distinctive. The microfibrils in the pit areas are masked by nonfibrillar material. Helminthocladia, with a cell wall characteristic of the red algae, differs from Dictyota in that the microfibrillar pattern is reticulate throughout the thallus. In the pit areas the microfibrils are not masked by amorphous material. 相似文献
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根据钻井取心分析测试、岩石薄片和扫描电镜观察等手段,对南堡凹陷高南地区东营组成岩作用和次生孔隙发育特征进行研究,并在此基础上划分了成岩阶段。研究结果表明,东营组碎屑岩地层经历了强烈的压实作用和胶结作用、复杂的交代作用和多期次的溶蚀作用,原生孔隙大部分被破坏,主要以次生孔隙为主,长石的溶蚀是储层中次生孔隙形成的主要原因。从早成岩B期到中成岩A1期,有机质成熟过程、粘土矿物转化等造成的酸性地层水介质,使东营组碎屑岩储层在纵向上主要发育3个次生孔隙发育带。粘土矿物的结晶、石英次生加大作用及碳酸盐胶结物的沉淀对孔隙度的降低起到了关键性作用。 相似文献
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FG-rich repeats of nuclear pore proteins form a three-dimensional meshwork with hydrogel-like properties 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nuclear pore complexes permit rapid passage of cargoes bound to nuclear transport receptors, but otherwise suppress nucleocytoplasmic fluxes of inert macromolecules >/=30 kilodaltons. To explain this selectivity, a sieve structure of the permeability barrier has been proposed that is created through reversible cross-linking between Phe and Gly (FG)-rich nucleoporin repeats. According to this model, nuclear transport receptors overcome the size limit of the sieve and catalyze their own nuclear pore-passage by a competitive disruption of adjacent inter-repeat contacts, which transiently opens adjoining meshes. Here, we found that phenylalanine-mediated inter-repeat interactions indeed cross-link FG-repeat domains into elastic and reversible hydrogels. Furthermore, we obtained evidence that such hydrogel formation is required for viability in yeast. 相似文献
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High-performance liquid chromatography provides direct evidence for substantial removal of naturally occurring specific free amino acids during a single passage of water through the mantle cavity of mussels. This occurs during the few seconds required for passage of the water across the gill, and removal proceeds unabated at ambient substrate concentrations as low as 38 nanomoles per liter. 相似文献
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本实验室研究应用发育于不同母质和不同利用方式的六种红壤,研究了持水特性和蒸发速度,结果表明,持水量主要决定于<0.01mm物理性粘粒含量,有机质含量,孔隙数量及不同孔径的组合,而蒸发速度则与粘粒含量和<0.005mm孔径的孔隙数量成正比.以比水容量达到10~(-2)ml/bar·g作为临界吸力值时各种土壤的吸力值;油泥土为0.1bar,黄筋泥,红紫砂土和黄泥砂土为0.3bar.从土壤条件考虑,上述土壤达到临界吸力值时一般应进行灌溉. 相似文献
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From a magnetohydrodynamic simulation, we reproduce a three-ring structure in the circumstellar space of the supernova (SN) 1987A observed by the Hubble Space Telescope. When a star develops from a red supergiant (RSG) to a blue supergiant (BSG) just before the SN explosion, a wind-wind interaction occurs between the slow stellar wind from the RSG and the subsequent fast stellar wind from the BSG. This process is simulated numerically under an assumption that the density and velocity distributions around the RSG are anisotropic owing to the existence of toroidal magnetic field and coronal holes. The three rings with observed size and position are reproduced by the magnetic pinch effect and amplification of initial density asymmetry through the dynamical interaction. 相似文献