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外源脱落酸处理对库尔勒香梨抗寒性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给库尔勒地区香梨安全越冬、稳产和高产的相关研究与栽培实践提供理论依据,以树势健壮、结果正常的库尔勒香梨单株为试验材料,在其生长期(2013年5月6日)第1次对其叶面喷施浓度分别为50、70、90 mg/L的外源激素ABA,之后每隔20天喷施1次,共喷施3次;在其休眠期采集枝条样品,在人工低温胁迫条件下测定其膜透性、丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和淀粉含量等抗寒性指标,并采用隶属函数法对其抗寒性进行了综合评价。结果表明:以50 mg/L的ABA喷施1次的枝条其各生理指标值的平均隶属度0.6,其抗寒级别可划为Ⅱ级;以70 mg/L的ABA喷施1次和2次及以50 mg/L的ABA喷施2次与3次的枝条,其各生理指标值的平均隶属度均大于0.4,这几个处理的枝条均为中抗寒型,其抗寒级别均可划为Ⅲ级;以90 mg/L的ABA喷施1次和2次的枝条,其各生理指标值的平均隶属度均大于0.3,这两个处理的枝条均为低抗寒型,其抗寒级别均可划为Ⅳ级;以70和90 mg/L的ABA喷施3次的平均隶属度均小于0.3,这两种处理的枝条均为不抗寒型,其抗寒级别均可划为Ⅴ级。文中认为,以50 mg/L的ABA叶面喷施1次,库尔勒香梨便能抵抗-24℃的低温。 相似文献
2.
剪取‘纸皮’扁桃休眠期枝条,以大田自然生长的枝条为对照,分别在人工气候箱内通过1/2MS+5%蔗糖溶液水培、培养土扦插和花泥固定1/2MS+5%蔗糖溶液培养,观测花芽、叶芽生长情况,评估枝条生长情况,比较3种培养方式对扁桃离体枝条的培养效果,筛选出最佳培养方式。结果表明:1/2MS+5%蔗糖溶液水培枝条的相对生长值最低,为36.15%,枝条生长情况最差;培养土扦插枝条的相对生长值为55.66%,枝条生长情况一般;花泥固定1/2MS+5%蔗糖溶液培养枝条的相对生长值为87.41%,枝条生长情况最好。花泥固定1/2MS+5%蔗糖溶液培养扁桃离体枝条的方法最好,可用于扁桃休眠期抗寒试验研究。 相似文献
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外源ABA对轮台白杏枝条内源激素含量及抗寒性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究不同浓度ABA对枝条内源激素含量变化及其与抗寒性的关系。以轮台白杏为试材,在新梢速长期喷施不同浓度ABA,采用酶联免疫吸附法定期测定枝条内ABA、GA、IAA、ZR含量变化,人工低温胁迫下测定休眠期枝条的抗寒性。结果发现,不同浓度ABA处理均提高了轮台白杏枝条内ABA与ZR含量以及ABA/GA与ABA/IAA的比值,而枝条内GA与IAA含量则下降。其中以60 mg/L处理对内源激素的影响最大,其次是90 mg/L处理,而30 mg/L处理对内源激素的影响不明显。同时,60 mg/L与90 mg/L处理显著降低了休眠枝条的半致死温度,分别降低了1.35℃和1.23℃,故能有效提高轮台白杏枝条的抗寒性。 相似文献
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《西部林业科学》2019,(6)
为掌握北京地区引种栽培大果榉的抗寒特性,以垂枝榆为对照,6年生大果榉为试材,选取其一年生休眠枝条分别在5℃(CK)、-10℃、-15℃、-20℃、-25℃、-30℃和-35℃下进行低温处理,测定枝条的相对电导率,应用Logistic方程拟合半致死温度(LT_(50));并测定其枝条的丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性糖的含量,过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,枝条恢复生长后的萌芽率,研究低温胁迫下大果榉休眠枝条的抗寒性。结果表明:随温度降低,相对电导率整体呈上升趋势;MDA、可溶性糖的含量以及POD和CAT酶活性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势;恢复生长率鉴定植物抗寒能力的方法易受到植物扦插成活难易程度的影响;相关性最高的抗寒指标是相对电导率,其次是MDA和可溶性糖。大果榉和垂枝榆的LT_(50)分别为-33.11℃和-29.83℃,大果榉的抗寒性高于垂枝榆。 相似文献
7.
《四川林业科技》2017,(6)
试验在人工设置低温条件下,设置D1(CK)、D2(-5℃)、D3(-15℃)、D4(-25℃)共计4个处理,低温持续时间共设3 d、6 d、9 d、12 d、15 d、18 d6个处理,3次重复,研究了紫叶矮樱离体枝条保护酶及电导率变化规律。结果表明:SOD表现为随着低温持续时间的延长而升高的变化,第18天D2处理比对照提高了25.60%,差异显著;POD活性表现为随着低温持续时间延长先升高后降低的变化,第15天D2与D1之间无显著差异,D3、D4均显著低于对照;电导率在3 d~12d D4始终处于最高值,15 d~18 d D3处于最高值,所有低温处理均显著高于对照。综合分析认为,持续低温会使紫叶矮樱离体枝条SOD、POD活性和电导率显著升高。 相似文献
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以5年生观赏海棠‘高原红’嫁接苗为试验材料,采用扫描电镜、花粉离体培养、荧光显微技术等研究了‘高原红’花粉的形态、生活力及贮藏特性,分析了花粉离体培养基成分、离体与活体萌发的区别及花粉贮藏过程中活力的变化。探讨了花粉萌发及贮藏特性,旨在为揭示花粉萌发特性、建立花粉贮藏体系提供理论依据。结果表明:硼酸与蔗糖溶液均对‘高原红’花粉萌发有显著的影响,单因素最佳培养基为10%蔗糖溶液;离体与活体花粉在萌发时间上有一定程度的差异,离体萌发较快于活体萌发,且活体萌发中花粉管在授粉后第8—12 h为快速伸长期;花粉贮藏过程中,室温(17—20℃)下贮藏的花粉活力急速下降,花粉管长度与4,-20℃及-70℃时差异显著,4℃下贮藏的花粉离体萌发率同样呈急速下降的趋势,与-20,-70℃时差异显著,而-20℃与-70℃下贮藏的花粉其离体萌发率之间与花粉管长度之间差异均不显著。 相似文献
9.
对浙江建德、遂昌、苍南三种源地的水团花一年生播种苗的抗寒性进行比较研究,测定其在4、0、-4、-8和-12℃5个温度梯度处理下离体叶片的细胞膜透性、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等生理生化指标,并结合Logistic曲线方程计算植株低温半致死温度(LT50)。结果表明,随着温度降低,3种源地植株叶片的细胞膜透性均有增加,可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量呈上升趋势,SOD活性先上升后下降,低温半致死温度为:建德-3.49℃、遂昌-2.4℃、苍南-2.23℃;3种源地水团花的抗寒顺序依次为:建德遂昌苍南。 相似文献
10.
为给无花果抗寒能力的评价与抗寒品种的选育提供参考依据,以我国北方地区引种的14个无花果品种为研究对象,采用人工低温(0~-20℃)处理对其1年生枝条进行了胁迫试验,并对其相对电导率、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、SOD活性、POD活性和MDA含量进行了测定,还根据相对电导率和对应的低温温度,依据logistic方程,建立了回归模型,对14个无花果品种的抗寒性进行了综合评价。结果表明:依据半致死温度来评价,布兰瑞克、ALMA等品种的抗寒性均较强,-5~-10℃的低温会严重影响参试的大部分品种的生存和生长发育;其SOD和可溶性糖在-10℃时的测定值是反映无花果抵抗和适应低温能力的一个临界值,而可溶性蛋白和POD的临界值是在处理温度为-5℃时的测定值。部分品种的综合抗寒能力的评价结果与其半致死温度的测定结果存在差异,但新早黄、ALMA、金傲芬和紫蕾等品种均具备较好的抗寒潜力。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
18.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
19.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献