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1.
Helmisaari HS 《Tree physiology》1992,10(1):45-58
During the period 1983-1987, retranslocation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, B and Al within the foliage of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was studied in sapling, pole-stage and mature stands in eastern Finland. Needle concentrations of the mobile nutrients N, P, and K varied seasonally because of retranslocation. In unfertilized plots, needle contents of N, P and K decreased 62-92% during senescence and needle dry weight decreased 19-51%. In some years, needle contents of Ca, Mn, Zn, Fe, B and Al increased during senescence. Retranslocation was more efficient from needles with greater dry weight. In the fertilized, pole-stage stand, needle dry weight did not decrease at senescence four years after fertilization and nutrient content decreased less than in the other years. In the mature stand, there were no clear differences in needle dry weight and nutrient changes during senescence between years or between unfertilized and fertilized plots. 相似文献
2.
Nutrient retranslocation from existing foliage of singleleaf pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem.) did not meet the nutrient demands of new needles on the same branch. Singleleaf pinyon pines, with an average age of 177 years, located at an elevation of 2300 m on a ridge in The Sweetwater Range in Nevada, USA retained needles for 18 or more years and increased needle number per branch by 17-18% annually. With age, needles gained weight and accumulated Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, P, and Mn. The amount of N per needle showed no consistent trend with needle age. Only Cu and K declined in concentrations and amounts with needle age and these differences were not statistically significant. Retranslocation of nutrients at needle abscission could provide only 2 to 13% of the N, P, K, Fe, Cu, and Mg required by new needles. We conclude that nutrient capital in existing foliage constitutes a long-term nutrient reserve for the tree rather than a mobile nutrient pool. 相似文献
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4.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):177-193
Temporal variation in nutrient concentrations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles was studied during a three‐year period in three stands of differing stages of development. Concentrations of N, P and K varied significantly between years; this variation was related to differences in needle dry weight. Concentrations of all measured nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, B) and Al varied between seasons; this variation was related to nutrient mobility and the annual physiological cycle. Concentrations of the mobile nutrients N, P and K decreased in spring and early summer during shoot and needle elongation and increased in late summer and autumn during needle senescence and litterfall. Concentrations of Mg, Cu, Zn and B followed somewhat similar patterns. The poorly mobile nutrients Ca, Mn and Fe accumulated gradually in needles during each growing season. Needle nutrient concentrations were stable during the nonactive period. 相似文献
5.
灰木莲人工林营养元素分配及其积累特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对南宁市46年生灰木莲人工林的9种营养元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn和Cu)的含量、积累量、年净积累量及其分配特征进行了研究。结果表明:灰木莲不同组分的营养元素含量大致为树叶>树皮>树根>树枝>干材。大量元素N、K在树根中的含量最高,P、Mg在树叶中的含量最高,而Ca则在树皮中含量最高;微量元素在各组分中的含量则以Mn最高,Fe、Zn次之,Cu最低。灰木莲人工林营养元素积累总量为1 948.78 kg/hm2,其中乔木层的营养元素积累量为1 715.22 kg/hm2,占林分营养元素积累总量的88.02%;草本层为74.33 kg/hm2,占总积累量的3.81%;灌木层为83.19 kg/hm2,占总积累量的4.26%;凋落物层为76.04 kg/hm2,占总积累量的3.90%。灰木莲人工林营养元素年净积累量为37.32 kg/(hm2·a),各组分营养元素年净积累量排列顺序为干材>树根>树皮>树叶>树枝。 相似文献
6.
1997年对安溪半林国有林场福建柏人工林的养分积累进行了研究。在连续坡面上福建柏人工林叶的N、P、K含量随坡位升高而降低 ,Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn则相反 ;养分积累量随坡位升高而缓慢下降。在生长过程中叶的N、P含量随年龄增大而降低 ,Ca、Mg则相反 ,K含量相对稳定 ;10年生、2 0年生时林木叶的养分积累量占全树的比重最大 ,由大到小的顺序为叶、根、干、枝、皮 ,而 30年生时林木根的养分积累量占全树的比重最大 ,由大到小的顺序为根、干、叶、枝、皮 ;营养元素的积累总量随年龄的增大而增加。在不同生长阶段 ,养分的积累与分配有所不同 相似文献
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对黑龙江省东部山地白桦人工林生态系统的大气降水、穿透水、树干茎流和地表径流中的pH值、溶解氧、浊度、总溶解固体、电导率、氧化还原电位、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Mn和Fe等水质指标进行了测定.结果表明:大气降水经过白桦人工林生态系统后,浊度和总溶解固体值逐渐升高.穿透水除Ca元素外,其他化学元素含量均有不同程度的增加,化学元素含量排序为:K＞ Ca＞ Na＞ Mg＞ Mn＞ Fe ＞Zn＞ Cu.树干茎流中各化学元素含量排序为:K＞Ca＞Mg ＞Na＞Fe ＞Mn ＞Zn ＞Cu.地表径流中各化学元素含量为:K＞ Ca＞ Na＞ Mg＞ Fe＞ Mn＞ Zn＞ Cu.除Na、Ca元素外,大气降水中其他元素的变异系数均较大.穿透水和树干茎流中Cu元素的变异系数大于其他元素,地表径流中Zn元素的变异系数最大.根据淋溶系数的大小排列,穿透水中各化学元素的淋溶序列是:Mn＞K＞Mg＞Fe＞Cu ＞Zn＞ Na＞ Ca.树干茎流中各化学元素的淋溶序列是:K ＞Mn＞ Mg＞ Fe ＞Cu ＞Zn＞ Ca＞ Na.经过淋洗后,穿透水和树干茎流中K和Mg元素增加较多,Ca元素出现负淋溶. 相似文献
9.
采用盆栽方法，以3种不同pH值（3．0、4．0、5．0）的模拟酸雨溶液对红檵木、杜鹃、夏鹃幼苗进行浇灌处理，研究不同pH值的酸雨对幼苗叶矿质元素含量的影响．结果表明：模拟酸雨对3种灌木幼苗叶矿质元素含量均有一定影响，3种幼苗叶中的大多数矿质元素含量变化不一致，表明不同植物的不同元素对酸雨的反应不同；各酸雨处理红檵木幼苗叶K、Mg、Mn、Ni、S、Al的含量较对照增加，其中Al、Ni含量是随着酸雨pH值的降低而逐渐增加．Zn含量比对照含量有所减少，N、P、Ca、Fe、Cu、Cd、Pb含量不随酸雨pH值的变化而变化．红檵木幼苗叶Al含量与模拟酸雨的pH值达到显著负相关；3种酸雨处理后的杜鹃幼苗叶P、Cu、Mn、Pb含量均比对照增加．其中P、Cu含量是随酸度的增大而逐渐增加，Ca、Zn含量比对照有所减少，N、K、Mg、S、Al、Fe、Ni、CA含量没有随着酸度变化而随之变化的趋势，P含量与模拟酸雨的pH值达到显著负相关；3种酸雨处理后的夏鹃幼苗叶P、K、Mg、Al、Fe、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb含量比对照增加．其中P、Ni是随酸度增加逐渐增加，Zn含量比对照减少，N、Ca、S、Cd含量则表现为有的酸雨处理增加，有的下降，Ni含量与模拟酸雨的pH值达到显著负相关．该项研究可为南方绿化植物的选择提供理论依据． 相似文献
10.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):446-456
The dynamics of three major mineral nutrients (K, Ca, Mg) and six heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) were studied in decomposing natural, unpolluted litter in two forest types: Scots pine needle litter in a pure Scots pine forest and oak‐hornbeam leaf litter in a mixed oak‐hornbeam stand. Of the mineral nutrients, only K in the oak‐hornbeam system showed a significant decrease in concentration during the course of litter decomposition. For Ca and Mg in both systems and for K in the Scots pine system no clear relation between concentration and accumulated litter‐mass loss was observed. On the other hand, for Fe, Zn, Pb and Cd at both sites, as well as for Mn in the oak‐hornbeam stand and Cu in the Scots pine stand highly significant positive relations were found between heavy metal concentrations and accumulated mass loss. A decrease in concentration was noted only in the case of Mn in the Scots pine system. No clear pattern was found for Cu in the oak‐hornbeam stand. Concentrations of heavy metals in the decomposing litter reached levels at or above those reported to retard decomposition in other studies. At the oak‐hornbeam stand increased also the absolute amounts of Fe, Zn, Pb and Cd. 相似文献
11.
Interception loss, throughfall and stemflow chemistry in pine and oak forests in northeastern Mexico
Interception loss, gross precipitation, throughfall and stemflow solution chemistry beneath pine (Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl.), oak (Quercus sp.) and pine-oak natural forest canopies in northeastern Mexico were measured. Coefficients of variation for throughfall were 12% in pine and oak canopies and 17% in the mixed pine-oak canopy. The variability of stemflow averaged 66, 126 and 73% for pine, oak and the mixed pine-oak canopies, respectively. Linear regression analysis of net versus gross precipitation for the three canopies showed highly significant correlations (r = 0.974-0.984). Total precipitation during the experimental period was 974 mm and estimated interception loss was 19.2, 13.6 and 23% for the pine, oak and pine-oak canopies, respectively. Stemflow did not occur following rainfall events of less than 4 mm and, in all canopies, stemflow represented a minimal proportion of gross precipitation (0.60, 0.50 and 0.03% for pine, oak and pine-oak, respectively). Throughfall pH in pine (6.2), oak (6.3) and pine-oak (6.3) canopies was significantly more acidic than gross precipitation (6.6). Stemflow pH ranged from 3.7 (pine) to 6.0 (oak). The pine-oak canopy registered the highest throughfall and stemflow electrical conductivities, 104 and 188 microS cm(-1), respectively. Net nutrient leaching of K, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn and Zn was significantly higher from the pine-oak canopy than from the pure pine and oak canopies. Mean depositions of Ca and Cu in throughfall behaved similarly among the three types of canopies. A greater proportion of Zn in gross precipitation was absorbed by the oak canopy than by the pine and pine-oak canopies. Enrichment factors beneath the pine-oak canopy relative to gross precipitation varied from 1.2 to 3.2 for macro-nutrients (Ca, K, Mg and Na) and from 1.4 to 3.1 for micro-nutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn). Stemflow depositions of Ca, K, Mg and Cu were higher in the pine-oak canopy, whereas stemflow depositions of Na, Fe, Mn and Zn were higher in the pine canopy. 相似文献
12.
冰冻灾害前后矿区废弃地栾树杜英混交林生态系统养分含量的比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对冰冻灾害前后湖南湘潭锰矿矿区废弃地的栾树、杜英混交林生态系统的地表水、土壤、林木及死地被物的养分含量进行对比研究.结果表明:冰冻灾害后,林地地表水的pH值、电导率、溶解氧、K、Ca、Mg含量明显减少,Zn、Mn、Pb含量显著增加;林内土壤含水量、全P、全K含量显著增加,速效N、速效P、速效K含量明显减少,微量元素Cu、Pb、Co含量增加,Fe、Zn、Mn、Cd、Ni含量减少;林木枝、叶、干中含水量均显著减少,树干中N、P、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cd、Ni、Pb、Co含量增加,树枝和树叶中P、K、Mg减少,而Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cd、Ni、Pb、Co含量却增加;林地上的死地被物中K、Mg在各组分(未分解、半分解、已分解)含量降低,Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Co含量增加.可为突发性自然干扰对植物生命活动的影响及抗御机理的研究提供基础数据. 相似文献
13.
为了解京杭运河台儿庄段槐叶萍生物体中微量元素的含量特征,运用非色散原子荧光光度计和火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定了槐叶萍生物体不同部位中微量元素的含量。结果显示:Fe、Mn、Zn、Ni、Cu、Se 6种微量元素在槐叶萍花芽、叶、根与茎中含量差异极显著(P≤0.01),其中槐叶萍中微量元素Fe含量最高,Se的含量最低;与同科植物体比较,京杭运河台儿庄段槐叶萍生物体中微量元素Fe、Mn含量处于中等水平,Zn、Cu含量处于下游水平。 相似文献
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通过调查未覆盖、2~3 a覆盖、4~5 a覆盖和6~7 a覆盖4类集约栽培早竹林的竹鞭和鞭芽生长状况并测定各处理土壤中矿质元素含量,研究早竹林衰老和矿质元素关系,结果表明,从4~5 a覆盖到6~7 a覆盖为早竹林衰老明显加剧的转折点,竹鞭和鞭芽生长状况可作为竹子衰老的一个指标;矿质元素对竹子衰老的影响分为3类:①与早竹衰老关系不大:N、K;②高浓度时促进早竹衰老:P、Cu、Ca、Al、Se;③低浓度时促进竹子衰老:Ni、Mg、Mn、Co、Zn。保护地集约栽培早竹衰老可能与土壤中高含量的P、Cu有关,高含量的Zn不促进早竹衰老。 相似文献
15.
贵州都匀马尾松种子园针叶DRIS营养诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对都匀1．5代无性系种子园20年生马尾松针叶中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、B等营养元素含量变化的测定和分析,初步筛选出N／P、K／N、Ca／N、Mg／N、N／Cu、zn／N、N／Fe、K／P、Ca／P、P／Mg、P／Cu、P／Zn、Fe／P、K／Ca、K／Mg、K／Cu、K／Zn、Fe／K、Ca／Mg、Ca／Cu、Ca／Zn、Fe／Ca、MgJCu、Zn／Mg、Fe／Mg、Zn／Cu、Fe／Cu、Fe／Zn共28对元素比值为重要参数,对贵州都匀马尾松种子园针叶作DRIS营养诊断分析。结果表明,该地区马尾松针叶内Mn含量过高,平均值为767．01mg／kg,而B含量较低,仅为12．95mg／kg,马尾松的需肥顺序为Cu〉P〉Zn〉Mg〉Ca〉N〉K〉Fe。 相似文献
16.
为了探明不同林龄马尾松人工林枯枝落叶层现存量、贮水量以及养分贮量的变化规律及其互相之间的关系,在桂西北乐里林场选择3种林龄段马尾松人工林分别建立标准地,对林地枯枝落叶物进行取样测定。结果表明:1)该区9～14a生马尾松人工林枯枝落叶层现存量为3.31～5.64t/hm2,最大净贮水量为4.48～10.19t/hm2,并随林龄的增大而递增。2)林地枯枝落叶层元素养分含量以N,Ca为最大,大约各占10种元素养分总含量的1/3～1/2;Mg,K元素含量次之;Mn,Fe,P,Zn,Cu,B元素含量微小。林地枯枝落叶层养分总贮量为70.66～98.82kg/hm2,随林龄的增大而递增。3)林地枯枝落叶层现存量、最大净贮水量以及元素养分总贮量分别与林龄存在密切的相关性,其回归方程各异。因此,可以根据不同林龄段来预测枯枝落叶层现存量、最大净贮水量和元素养分总贮量。 相似文献
17.
Zusammenfassung Die Gelbf?rbung von Fichten im Südschwarzwald betrifft vor allem die ?lteren Nadeln; der jüngste Nadeljahrgang ist jeweils
grün. Wir untersuchten die zeitliche Entwicklung der Vergilbung durch Chlorophyll- und Elementanalysen.
Die Vergilbung der letztj?hrigen Nadeln setzt mit dem Knospenaustrieb im Sp?tfrühjahr ein und ist mit einer starken abnahme
der Gehalte an Mg und Zn gekoppelt. N, P, K, und S ver?ndern sich nur wenig. Fe und Al, weniger stark Ca und Mn, nehmen mit
dem Nadelalter zu. Cu, Pb und Cd zeigen keine Korrelation mit dem Vergilbungsgrad Ein Anstieg des Chlorophyllgehaltes ist
nur schwach ausgepr?gt.
Aus dem zeitpunkt des Vergilbens und den Ver?nderungen der Elementgehalte schlie?en wir, da? Mobilisierung und Verlagerung
von unzureichend angebotenen N?hrelementen (Mg, Zn) die Vergilbung der Nadeln ma?geblich beeinflussen.
Chronological change in chlorophyll and element contents in the needles of a yellow-chlorotic spruce stand
Summary The yellow discoloration of spruce in the southern Black Forest primarily affects the older needles; the current year's needles remain green.We investigated the chronological development of yellowing through chlorophyll and element analyses. The discoloration of last year's needles begins at bud burst in late spring and occurs along with a great decrease in the contents of Mg and Zn. N, P, K. and S are scarcely altered. Fe and Al, less so Ca and Mn, increase with needle age. Cu, Pb, and Cd show no correlation with the degree of yellowing. An increase in chlorophyll content is only weakly pronounced. From the onset of yellowing and the changes in element contents we conclude that mobilization and translocation of the deficient nutrient elements (Mg, Zn) decisively influence needle discoloration.相似文献
18.
桤木人工林细根与土壤养分含量季节动态变化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对桤木人工林细根、土壤养分含量的季节变化及其两者之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明:(1)桤木细根中大量元素N、Ca、K、Mg、P含量冬季高,春季最低;微量元素Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cd含量冬季最低,春夏季较高.(2)土壤各层中大量元素N、Ca、K、Mg、P含量冬季最低,夏季最高;微量元素Mn、Zn含量在冬季最低,秋季最高;Fe、Ni、Pb、Cu、Cd含量在冬季最高,春秋较低.(3)细根和土壤中大量元素含量在冬季存在负相关关系,微量元素Fe、Ni、Cd含量在一年四季均存在显著负相关关系,Mn、Cu含量在春季、夏季和秋季存在负相关关系,Zn、Pb含量在春季、夏季和秋季存在正相关关系. 相似文献
19.
Roger F. Walker Robert M. Fecko Dale W. Johnson Watkins W. Miller 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(5):482-541
An investigation of wildfire effects on mineral nutrition of Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) along with species comparisons of the nutrition of unburned specimens of this pine to those of unburned California white fir (Abies concolor var. lowiana [Gord.] Lemm.) were conducted in an eastern Sierran mixed conifer stand. Foliar Fe and Mn concentrations were frequently higher and Al was consistently so in burned than in the unburned pine as assessed in six sampling periods distributed over more than two postfire growing seasons while base cation/metallic element molar ratios consisting of Ca/Al, K/Al, K/Mn, Ca/Fe, Mg/Fe, K/Fe, and Ca/Zn were often lower in the former. Foliar N, P, Fe, Zn, and Cu were frequently higher in unburned pine than unburned fir while the reverse proved true concerning K, Ca, Mn, B, and Al; and likewise several molar ratios involving Al and Mn were higher in the former while several involving Fe, Zn, and Cu were higher in the latter. At midstudy, mineral soil in the burned stand portion had lower K but higher S, Mn, and Zn than that in the unburned portion, and the former had several molar ratios that were lower as well. 相似文献
20.
A new method of simultaneous determining Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) with a single sweep polarography
was developed. The experiment condition was studied and the results show that the optimum base solution is that the residue
got from evaporating 25 mL mixed solution, 2.5 mL 1.0 mol/L ethylenediamine, 3.0 mL 1.0 mol/L ammonia-ammonium chloride, 5.0
mL 10 % sodium sulfite and 0.5 mL 0.5 % gelatin were mixed and diluted to 25 mL with water. Under the condition of this base
solution, the polarography wave shapes of the six cations are ideal and without overlap of the peaks. In this base solution,
Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) in synthetic samples were determined with relative errors 0.4–9.4% and relative
standard deviations 0.8%-12.2%. Under this experiment condition, one fold of Pb(II), Cr(VI) and Mo(VI) do not interfere with
the determination for Cu(II). This method has been used to the simultaneous determination of the amount of the six cations
in the samples of soil and Beiqi Tea. The relative standard deviations were 0. l%-2.1% and recoveries were 93.5%-99.0 %. 相似文献