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玉米粗缩病属于昆虫传播病害,主要是由灰飞虱传播的一种病毒病.灰飞虱通过刺吸带毒的大麦、小麦及其它禾本科杂草获毒后迁飞至玉米上取食,从而传播病害[1].由于水稻、麦类轮作,灰飞虱的越冬数量大,已连续多年导致粗缩病的发生.近年来江苏、山东等地均有大面积发生.2008年江苏省粗缩病大发生,发生面积达13.3万hm2以上,不少地方毁耕重种,直接制约着江苏玉米产业的发展. 相似文献
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不同杀虫剂防治水稻灰飞虱田间药效试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索防治水稻灰飞虱的有效药剂,今年我们进行了30%烈虱EC等杀虫剂防治稻田灰飞虱田间小区药剂试验,以验证药剂对防治稻田灰飞虱的田间药效,明确最佳用药时间和用量,为防治工作提供理论与实践依据. 相似文献
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灰飞虱自身危害可造成水稻减产,由其传播的条纹叶枯病对水稻产量和品质的影响更为严重.简要介绍了灰飞虱的生物学特性及传毒机制,总结了辽宁省灰飞虱及其传播的水稻条纹叶枯病的发生历史与现状,分析了其暴发流行的主要原因,从农艺、物理、生态调控、化学防治等方面提出了防控对策. 相似文献
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植物中具有A20/AN1锌指结构域的蛋白参与了逆境应答,为研究甘蔗A20/AN1型锌指蛋白基因ShSAP1的功能及在甘蔗抗逆育种方面的价值,本研究通过构建ShSAP1基因的RNAi载体并进行甘蔗的遗传转化,以期通过反向遗传学进行ShSAP1的功能分析。将ShSAP1锌指编码区片段分别以正向和反向插入到中间载体pTCK303内含子的两侧,构建中间载体pTCK-iShSAP1,而后把干扰片段连入pCAMBIA-GUS中,获得RNAi表达载体pCAMBIA-iShSAP1,将该载体转导根癌农杆菌EHA105,通过农杆菌介导法侵染甘蔗胚性愈伤组织,并对部分转化幼苗进行了初步的PCR鉴定。经过限制性内切酶分析和测序验证,RNAi载体pCAMBIA-iShSAP1构建成功;转化幼苗经PPT抗性筛选后,获得了58株抗性植株,对抗性幼苗进行了Bar基因的PCR检测,得到6株PCR阳性植株。本研究完成了ShSAP1的RNAi载体构建及对甘蔗的遗传转化,为ShSAP1的功能研究打下了一定的基础。 相似文献
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通过室内笼罩饲养法观察了水稻、玉米、高粱、稗草等57种植物上灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus（Fallén）的生长发育繁殖情况。不同供试植物上灰飞虱羽化率、若虫历期、初羽化成虫体质量、成虫寿命和产卵量等参数均存在不同程度的差异。结合主成分分析和种群趋势指数分析,发现57种供试植物中,适宜灰飞虱生存的寄主植物有稗草等5种,这些植物上灰飞虱羽化率介于59.4%~86.9%,种群趋势指数在27.8以上;较适宜灰飞虱生存的寄主植物有黑麦草等9种,灰飞虱羽化率在27.0%~64.5%,种群趋势指数多在10以上;较不适宜灰飞虱生存的寄主植物有牛筋草等5种,羽化率介于130%~35.6%,种群趋势指数为1~10;不适宜灰飞虱生存的植物有无芒雀麦等13种,羽化率在10%以下,种群趋势指数在1以下;玉米等25种植物上灰飞虱若虫不能羽化为成虫。其中,黑麦草、棒头草、菵草、白顶早熟禾、野燕麦和荠菜等为新证实的寄主植物。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献
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R. W. Summers 《Crop Protection》1989,8(6):451-454
One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed. 相似文献
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为了寻找一种高效的荔枝果实瞬时基因表达方法,本研究以荔枝品种‘新球蜜荔’（Litchi chinensis Sonn. var. ‘Xinqiumili’）为试材,利用农杆菌注射法对荔枝果实组织进行转化,研究了果实发育时期、菌株种类、注射部位、取样时间、菌液浓度等对转化效率的影响。结果表明：选择果肉已完全包裹种子的Ⅱb期果实进行连体注射,在果柄、果皮、种子、果肉分别注入OD600值为2.4的农杆菌菌株GV3101,4 d后取样进行检测,4个组织的GUS染色率较高。本研究成功建立了适用于荔枝果实的基因瞬时表达系统,为今后快速鉴定荔枝果实相关基因功能提供了基础。 相似文献
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2020年10月17日,《中华人民共和国生物安全法》(以下简称《生物安全法》)通过全国人大常委会的审议,自2021年4月15日起施行.生物技术的研究与应用安全是《生物安全法》涉及的主要内容之一,基因编辑作为近几年生物技术领域的研究热点,其安全性评价和监管备受关注.本文概述了基因编辑技术的应用现状,比较了不同国家对基因编... 相似文献
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为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。 相似文献
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波罗蜜叶片突变体叶绿素含量测定和超微结构观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
波罗蜜（Artocarpus heterophyllus）是一种热带果树,至今对其突变体的研究少有报道。本研究以波罗蜜叶片为试验材料,探究其叶片出现白化和返绿现象的可能原因。（1）用分光光度计法、比色法测定波罗蜜叶片突变体和正常绿叶的叶绿素及叶绿素前体物质含量;（2）用叶绿素酶Elisa试剂盒测定叶绿素酶活性;（3）用透射电子显微镜对叶绿体的超微形态结构进行观察。研究结果表明：（1）不同叶色所产生的叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素总含量、类胡萝卜素含量均存在显著差异;（2）波罗蜜叶片突变体和正常绿叶的叶绿素合成前体物质含量之间并没有出现显著性差异;（3）对波罗蜜叶片的叶绿素酶活性进行测定时,发现其活性出现显著差异,但对其叶绿素含量的差异性并没有产生较大影响;（4）观察波罗蜜叶片内叶绿体超微形态结构时,发现正常绿叶的叶绿体形态完好且数量较多,白化叶和返绿叶的叶绿体内部结构存在缺陷,其原因是叶绿体基粒构建阶段受阻;基于测定波罗蜜叶片中的叶绿素、叶绿素前体物质含量和叶绿素酶活性,并观察波罗蜜叶片内叶绿体的超微形态结构,对得到的数据结果进行比较分析。本研究推测是在叶绿素合成阶段,原脱植基叶绿素合成叶绿素时受阻及叶绿体发不良导致波罗蜜出现白化和返绿现象,为今后进一步综合研究波罗蜜突变体提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed. 相似文献