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观察了20头新生荷斯坦犊牛右心室乳头肌和腱索的形态特征。右心室内有三个乳头肌,即壁乳头肌、隔前乳头肌、隔后乳头肌。三个乳头肌中壁乳头肌最大,隔前乳头肌最小。在三例标本中隔前乳头肌缺如。乳头肌分三个型,总计60例乳头肌中,游离型6例(10%),中间型24例(40%),附着型30例(50%)。腱索总数为17.93±3.34条。 相似文献
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藏系绵羊右心室条束的形态学观测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
观察测量了１８２只成年藏系绵羊新鲜心脏右心室内的条束。在９５％的标本中均可见有一条连于侧壁乳头肌与前乳头肌基部（占６８．１％）或隔前乳头肌稍下方的室中隔壁之间（占２６．４％）的发达的条束，称此条束为右心室主要条束。右心室主要条束中肉柱型、细索型和细丝型分别占４０．７％、４２．３％和１７．０％，圆型束和椭圆型束分别占３３％和６７％；暗红色束和乳白色束分别占８３％和１７％。条束长（１．８３±０．３３） 相似文献
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试验为探究同一营养水平下伊犁马不同性别间心脏结构和功能的差异。试验选用30匹2岁伊犁马,在2.5 MHz下使用彩色多普勒超声系统在马匹右侧胸骨旁第3到第5肋骨之间的二维（2D）和M型成像,采集心脏结构指标19个,心脏功能指标13个。结果显示,不同性别间伊犁马的体重、体尺与心脏结构和功能指标无线性关系。公马的舒张末期右心室内径（RVDd）和左室左右径（LV minor）均大于母马（P<0.05）;母马的二尖瓣内径（MVD）大于公马（P<0.05）,收缩末期肺动脉内径（PAd）高于公马（P<0.01）。公马的每搏量（SV）高于母马（P<0.05）,每搏量指数（SI）高于母马（P<0.01）;母马的心率（HR）、左心室射血分数（ET）和左心房内径/主动脉根部内径（LAD/AOD）高于公马（P<0.01）。研究表明,伊犁马心脏结构及功能指标存在性别差异,试验初步得出2岁伊犁马心脏功能及参数的参考范围,可为伊犁马心脏的深入研究提供参考。 相似文献
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心脏病及其引发的心机能不全 (心力衰竭 )是小动物临床常见病之一。治疗心力衰竭必须正确地诊断原发病 ,并通过检查评价心脏机能 ,判断病情的严重程度 ,评价治疗效果及预后。从问诊、症状、一般检查及听诊、心电图与心音图、胸部 X线检查等综合评价的重要性不言而喻 ,但随着超声诊断技术的发展 ,超声心动图检查 ( Echocardiography)在心脏病诊治中的重要作用日益明显。临诊上不仅可以通过 M型超声心动图 ( M- modeechocardiogram)和切面超声心动图 ( cross-sectional) ,又称二维超声心动图 ( Two- di-mensional echocardiogram)或 B型超… 相似文献
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西宁地区105日龄“星杂579”公鸡心脏观测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用大体解剖学方法,对西宁地区28只“星杂579”公鸡心脏的形态、位置及部分解剖参数进行了观察。发现心脏重7.52克,与体重的相对比为0.65%。心室部左、右两半重量的比值为2.21:6。心室部、左心室腔及右心室腔的长径分别为2.875、2.481和1.615厘米。主动脉口、肺动脉口及左房室口的内径分别为0.590、0.585和0.784厘米。右房室口的长径为1.248厘米。心周径为7.217厘米。左、右心房壁和左、右心室壁以及房间隔、室中隔的厚度分别为0.074、0.061、0.510、0.230和0.060、0.530厘米。左心房壁上的一级、二级和三级梳状叽的直径分别为0.312、0.168和0.098厘米;右心房壁上的一级(右横肌弓)、二级和三级梳状肌的直径分别为0.367、0.164和0.096厘米。 相似文献
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超声断层扫描诊断绵羊早期妊娠的研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
用带５ＭＨｚ探头的多普勒超声和带５ＭＨｚ直肠探头的Ｂ型超声分别从体外和直肠对５只配种１５～１８ｄ种后２５～３８ｄ的蒙古羊随机探查１次，结果，用多普勒超声可在配种后３０～３８ｄ探到胎血音（ＵＭＳ）或胎心音（ＦＨＢ）、判断妊娠，较以往的报告提早５ｄ以上，用Ｂ型超声可在配种后中１８，１９，２０ｄ先后探测胎水，胎体和胎心搏动，判断妊娠较以往报道的提早３～５ｄ。多普勒超声虽然诊断母羊早孕较Ｂ超要晚，但仪器小 相似文献
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观察了20头新生荷斯坦犊牛左心室乳头肌和腱索的形态特征。左心室内有二个乳头肌,即壁前乳头肌,壁后乳头肌。壁前乳头肌大于壁后乳头肌。乳头肌分三个型,总计40个乳头肌中,附着型35个(87.5%),中间型5个(12.5%),无游离型乳头肌。腱索平均为13.00±1.30条。 相似文献
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M-mode echocardiography study in growing Spanish mastiffs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. Bayón M. J. Fernández del Palacio A. M. Montes C. Gutiérrez Panizo 《The Journal of small animal practice》1994,35(9):473-479
The growth of the heart in proportion to body-weight was studied by M-mode echocardiography in 66 Spanish mastiffs aged from one to 12 months and from two to four years. Measurements of the right and left ventricular cavities, septal and parietal wall thicknesses, aorta, left atrium, D-E excursion of the mitral valve and distance between the maximum aperture of the mitral valve and the interventricular septum, were shown to have a curvilinear increase closely related to the development of bodyweight. Least squares regression analysis of the logarithmically transformed data provided the power-law equations relating each echocardiographic measurement to bodyweight. The exponential powers of bodyweight varied from 0.22 to 0.45. From the direct measurements the following cardiac indices were determined: ratio of right/left ventricular cavity, shortening fraction, percentage of septal and parietal wall thickness and ratio of aorta/left atrium. The highest coefficient of determination was for the right ventricular/left ventricular ratio. 相似文献
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Fernández del Palacio MJ Bernal LJ Bayón A Bernabé A Montes de Oca R Seva J 《The Journal of small animal practice》2001,42(3):137-142
A seven-month-old male Siberian husky was presented with a recent history of anorexia, hindlimb weakness and syncope. Physical examination revealed severe tachycardia, tachypnoea and dyspnoea. Mucous membranes were pale and femoral pulses were weak. An electrocardiogram showed sustained ventricular tachycardia with a left bundle branch block configuration. Thoracic radiographs revealed slight right ventricular enlargement and two-dimensional echocardiography revealed mild right ventricular dilation at the cardiac apex and some hyperechogenic areas on the right side of the interventricular septum. Administration of intravenous lignocaine converted the ventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm. The maintenance antiarrhythmic therapy consisted of oral procainamide and propranolol. Three weeks later the dog died suddenly. On postmortem examination, the right ventricular free wall was very thin at the apex, infundibulum and caudal aspect of the right ventricular parietal wall, similar to the 'triangle of dysplasia' of human patients. Histopathological examination revealed replacement of several areas of right ventricular free wall myocardium with connective tissue and fat. The right atrium and left ventricle were less severely affected by the same lesions. The clinical and pathological findings are similar to those reported in young people with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. 相似文献
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Influence of detomidine on echocardiographic function parameters and cardiac hemodynamics in horses with and without heart murmur 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
30 warmblood horses were examined before and after sedation with 20 micrograms/kg BW detomidine, to determine changes of cardiac function parameters, using B-mode, M-mode and Doppler echocardiography. 15 horses showed a heart murmur, but no clinical signs of cardiac heart failure, 15 horses had neither a heart murmur nor other signs of cardiac disease. After sedation with detomidine we could recognise a significant increase of end-diastolic left atrium diameter, an increase of end-systolic left ventricular diameter and aortic root diameter. The end-systolic thickness of papillary muscle and interventricular septum showed a decrease. Fractional shortening and amplitude of left ventricular wall motion was decreased after sedation. The mitral valve echogram revealed a presystolic valve closure and an inflection in the Ac slope (B-notch) in xy horses before sedation. Both increased after sedation with detomidine. Doppler echocardiography showed a decrease of blood flow velocity and velocity time integral (VTI) in the left and right ventricular outflow tract after sedation. Regurgitant flow signals were intensified following sedation in xy horses, especially at the mitral valve. 相似文献
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Shimizu M Tanaka R Hoshi K Hirao H Kobayashi M Shimamura S Yamane Y 《Australian veterinary journal》2006,84(4):117-121
An 8-month-old entire Miniature Dachshund, weighing 4.2 kg, was presented for examination following delvelopment of a cough. Ventricular septal defect had been diagnosed tentatively in its infancy on the basis of a cardiac murmur detected by auscultation and echocardiography. Echocardiography using a B mode right parasternal long-axis view showed a defect at the atrioventricular junction and a thickened cusp of the aortic valve prolapsing into the defect. Colour-flow Doppler showed shunt blood flow across the defect at the level of the atrioventricular junction, from left to right. The sinus of Valsalva was dilated, with turbulent blood flow. Aortic regurgitation was also observed. Cardiac catheterisation studies confirmed the diagnosis of a supracristal ventricular septal defect with aortic regurgitation. Despite medication with digoxin, enalapril and aminophylin, started from the first admission, left ventricular internal dimensions gradually increased, and fractional shortening of the left ventricle gradually decreased. Surgery, with the aid of extracorporeal circulation, to close the ventricular septal defect, was performed 1 year after the initial examination. The aortic valve was left untreated. Postoperatively, the systolic murmur disappeared. Shunt flow from the left to the right ventricle was no longer observed on echocardiography, however there was still a small amount of aortic regurgitation during diastole visualised with colour-flow Doppler echocardiography. The prolapse of the cusp of the aortic valve on B-mode echocardiography was no longer observed and thickening of the cusp had not progressed. Left ventricular function measurement using M mode echocardiography showed a reduced left ventricular volume overload with reduced left ventricular internal dimensions and increased fractional shortening. The cough was relieved and no follow-up medication was scheduled. Early surgical closure of the ventricular septal defect improved the patient's condition and controlled prolapse and thickening of the aortic valve. 相似文献
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Morphology and Classification of Right Ventricular Bands in the Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris) 
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下载免费PDF全文 L. A. Cope 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2017,46(5):464-473
Ventricular bands, also designated as ‘false tendons’, are described as single or multiple strands that cross the ventricles and have no connection to valvular cusps. Previous work indicates these strands are present in the ventricles of humans and some animal hearts and not always associated with cardiac pathologies. Despite these previous studies, the published literature is limited in documenting the morphology of these strands and incidence in animals. In this study, examination of 89 hearts showed six types of ventricular bands in the right ventricle of the domestic dog. These bands were classified according to their prevalence and points of attachment. Type I extended from the interventricular septum to the ventricular free wall, type II connected a musculus papillaris parvus to the ventricular free wall and type III connected trabeculae carneae on the interventricular septum. Type IV connected the trabeculae carneae on the ventricular free wall, type V interconnected papillary muscles and type VI connected the interventricular septum to a papillary muscle. While the study of these ventricular bands provided additional information on the cardiac anatomy of the domestic dog, it also showed their clinical importance. Several studies have proposed that their position in the ventricle may interfere with cardiac catheterization and pacemaker lead placement or be misinterpreted during echocardiography. 相似文献
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The morphology of moderator bands in both heart ventricular cavities was examined on macro‐ and microscopic levels in 14 six‐month‐old Landrace pigs. One transverse moderator band, measuring 2.9 ± 0.6 mm in diameter, was located between the septum and the free wall of the right ventricular cavity. On cross‐section, clumps of conductive cells were found at the periphery of the moderator band and in its central part around the blood vessels. Large amounts of muscle fibres were identified. The left ventricular cavity contained moderator bands in the form of thin cords, measuring 1.05 ± 0.09 mm in diameter and located mostly between the interventricular septum and the papillary muscles. Conductive tissue was represented by clumps of Purkinje cells, surrounded by myocardial fibres. The proportion of conductive cells and muscle fibres in the moderator bands was approximately the same. Owing to different amounts of conductive cells and muscle fibres in the bands, we assume that moderator bands in the right and left ventricles play different primary functional roles. Our results were compared with previous data on pigs and other ungulate animal species. 相似文献
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QUANTITATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN THE NORMAL DOG 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Michael R. O'Grady DVM MS John D. Bonagura DVM MS Jean D. Powers DVM PhD David S. Herring DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1986,27(2):34-49
Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed on 18 unanesthetized, normal dogs (4.5 to 30 kg). Measurements of wall thickness, intracavitary dimensions, and cross-sectional area of the left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta were made. Satisfactory data were obtained from 17 dogs, and were used to determine normal values. Normal data were tested for significant correlation to body weight (kg) by linear regression. Repeatability was studied in six dogs examined, on three separate occasions, during a 5-day period. Differences between values obtained on different days were evaluated by analysis of variance.
Satisfactory qualitative echocardiograms were repeatedly obtained by using consistent sites of transducer placement and by identifying internal cardiac structures. These tomographic planes were highly reproducible, with only ventricular length, and some views of the ventricular septum, showing statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences. Almost all linear and area measurements were significantly correlated to body size, while most indices of left ventricular function were independent of body weight. Dimensions obtained from the left and right parasternal position were nearly identical. Cross-sectional echocardiography allows repeatable assessment of cardiac anatomy, and it should prove useful for identification and quantitation of heart disease in the dog. 相似文献
Satisfactory qualitative echocardiograms were repeatedly obtained by using consistent sites of transducer placement and by identifying internal cardiac structures. These tomographic planes were highly reproducible, with only ventricular length, and some views of the ventricular septum, showing statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences. Almost all linear and area measurements were significantly correlated to body size, while most indices of left ventricular function were independent of body weight. Dimensions obtained from the left and right parasternal position were nearly identical. Cross-sectional echocardiography allows repeatable assessment of cardiac anatomy, and it should prove useful for identification and quantitation of heart disease in the dog. 相似文献
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Washizu M Takemura N Machida N Nawa H Yamamoto T Mitake H Washizu T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(6):753-756
A 14-year-old female Yorkshire terrier was presented with the complaint of cardiac murmur and convulsive seizure. Thickened mitral valve, left atrial enlargement, excess motions of the left ventricular (LV) free wall and the ventricular septum, and tricuspid, mitral and aortic valve regurgitations were recognized on echocardiography. Follow-up echocardiography revealed the progression of concentric LV hypertrophy and LV outflow obstruction. Clinical symptoms associated with cardiac failure did not develop during the observation period. The pathological examination of the heart revealed that the dog had the morphological hallmarks of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: massive ventricular hypertrophy, disorganization of cardiac muscle cells, interstitial myocardial fibrosis, and abnormal intramural coronary arteries. 相似文献
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Echocardiographic findings in 103 cats with hyperthyroidism 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
B R Bond P R Fox M E Peterson R V Skavaril 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1988,192(11):1546-1549
Using M-mode echocardiography, cardiac abnormalities were studied in 103 cats with untreated hyperthyroidism. In addition, follow-up echocardiography was performed on 24 of these cats to assess the long-term (4 to 21 months) effect of treatment (thyroidectomy or radioiodine) on thyrotoxic cardiac disease. The most common echocardiographic abnormality in the 103 untreated hyperthyroid cats was hypertrophy of the left ventricular caudal wall (71.9%). Hypertrophy of the interventricular septum also was documented in 39.8% of the 103 cats. Other abnormalities included high values for left atrial diameter (70.0%), aortic root diameter (18.5%), and left ventricular diameter at end diastole (45.6%). In some of these cats, indices of contractility were enhanced; in 21.4% and 14.6% of the cats, values for shortening fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, respectively, were greater than those values measured in clinically normal cats. After treatment of the hyperthyroidism, left ventricular hypertrophy resolved or improved in many of the cats, as indicated by decreases in left ventricular caudal wall and interventricular septum thicknesses. Hyperdynamic wall motion resolved in all cats after treatment, as evidenced by consistent decreases in shortening fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. Despite these improvements, some cats had one or more persistently abnormal echocardiographic values after treatment. These results suggested that in cats, hyperthyroidism commonly is associated with largely reversible cardiomyopathy. In those cats in which cardiomyopathy persists or worsens after treatment, underlying primary cardiomyopathy or thyroid hormone-induced cardiac structural damage may exist. 相似文献
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Donkey (Equus asinus), the cheapest form of agricultural power in Egypt, is used principally as draught or pack animals and may also be ridden, or used for threshing, raising water, milling, and other work. The aim of the present study was to provide B-mode and M-mode echocardiographic reference ranges from a sample of population of donkeys (E. asinus) based on the probability theory and statistics. In the present study, B-mode and 2-dimensional guided M-mode echocardiography were performed on 44 clinically healthy donkeys (E. asinus) (22 males and 22 females), without any neither clinical nor echocardiographic evidence of cardiovascular diseases, aged 2–25 year old, and weighed 150–350 kg. The echocardiographic dimensions, including interventricular septum thickness at end diastole, interventricular septum thickness at end systole, left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole, left ventricular internal diameter at end systole, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole, and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end systole were assessed. The cardiac function indices, including end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening were also measured. B-mode and guided M-mode echocardiographic examination of healthy donkeys revealed that both the interventricular septum thickness and the left ventricular posterior free wall were greater during systole than diastole. However, the left ventricular dimension during diastole was greater than systole. Furthermore, the recorded data of cardiac function indices, including end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening using B-mode echocardiography were closer to those recorded by guided M-mode echocardiography. To our knowledge, this is the first Egyptian study to report the echocardiographic reference ranges of donkeys (E. asinus) based on the probability theory and statistics, the coefficient of variation. The results of the present study can be used as standard and reference values for further echocardiographic studies in donkeys and represent a step in the identification, interpretation, and evaluation of cardiovascular disorders in such animals. 相似文献