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水稻花器官数目突变体fon6的研究初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
fon6是在籼稻恢复系乐恢188/明恢62杂交F3代发现的花器官数目突变体,表型分析结果表明:该突变体小花颖壳畸形扭曲、内颖长于外颖不闭合;每朵小花内外颖壳总数目2～4片;雄蕊数目为1～14枚;雌蕊数目增加,子房数目2～6个,胚囊畸形。突变体套袋自交结实率为14.06%,花粉活力较高,平均花粉可染率为91.86%。自交种子能正常萌发成苗,突变性状表现稳定的遗传特性。以突变体为父本分别与蜀恢527、明恢63杂交,F2代群体中正常株与突变株的分离均符合3∶1的比例,F3代及BC1F2代进一步的观察与统计结果均表明,该突变性状受1对隐性核基因控制,将该突变基因暂定名为fon6(floral organ number6)。 相似文献
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为获得新的小麦雌蕊和雄蕊突变材料,并促进小麦遗传改良和功能基因组学的研究,利用甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methane sulfonate,EMS)对三雌蕊小麦(TP)种子进行诱变处理,确定半致死浓度和时间,并对诱变的突变体进行SSR检测和农艺性状分析。结果表明,TP种子适宜的EMS诱变条件为0.8%的EMS处理8 h。利用EMS诱变处理5 000粒TP种子,结果在其M3单粒传群体中共发现20个能稳定遗传的雌蕊和雄蕊突变株系。农艺性状分析表明,与TP相比,20个突变株系的穗粒数明显减少,部分突变株系的株高、穗长等性状与TP之间具有显著差异。SSR分析结果表明,22个SSR标记共扩增得到61个等位基因位点,平均每个标记可以检测到2.77个等位基因。获得42条多态性条带,多态性为68.85%。20个突变株系和对照TP的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.352 9~0.956 5,说明这些突变体具有丰富的遗传多样性。聚类结果表明,不同突变性状之间可以较好地被区分开,相同突变性状（尤其是单雌蕊性状）可以被较好地聚在同一簇下。 相似文献
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《中国水稻科学》2020,(2)
【目的】鉴定和克隆花器官发育相关基因,为进一步研究水稻花发育的分子机制奠定基础。【方法】在大田常规种植条件下比较了突变体dps2 (Defective pistil and stamens 2)和野生型春江06的主要农艺性状及花器官形态特征差异;扫描电镜及石蜡切片观察花药结构并用染色法观察花粉和胚囊的育性;利用图位克隆方法进行基因精细定位;qRT-PCR分析了花发育相关基因在野生型和突变体中的表达水平。【结果】dps2突变体抽穗期变长,不能正常扬花,雄蕊和雌蕊皱缩且花药和柱头数目增多;进一步研究发现,dps2突变体花药腔室塌陷,内无可见小孢子,即使部分花药形成腔室,花粉粒也无淀粉积累呈干瘪状。此外,突变体胚囊育性也受到影响;遗传分析表明该突变性状受一对隐性核基因控制,该基因位于第4染色体短臂上91.2kb的区间内,区间内未见花器官发育相关基因的报道。qRT-PCR检测发现,水稻ABCDE模型中的B类、C类和E类基因的表达在突变体中显著升高。【结论】dps2突变体的雄蕊及雌蕊均发育异常,最终导致完全不育,推测DPS2可能在水稻第3轮雄蕊发育和第4轮雌蕊发育调控中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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【目的】鉴定和克隆花器官发育相关基因,为进一步研究水稻花发育的分子机制奠定基础。【方法】在大田常规种植条件下比较了突变体dps2 (Defective pistil and stamens 2)和野生型春江06的主要农艺性状及花器官形态特征差异;扫描电镜及石蜡切片观察花药结构并用染色法观察花粉和胚囊的育性;利用图位克隆方法进行基因精细定位;qRT-PCR分析了花发育相关基因在野生型和突变体中的表达水平。【结果】dps2突变体抽穗期变长,不能正常扬花,雄蕊和雌蕊皱缩且花药和柱头数目增多;进一步研究发现,dps2突变体花药腔室塌陷,内无可见小孢子,即使部分花药形成腔室,花粉粒也无淀粉积累呈干瘪状。此外,突变体胚囊育性也受到影响;遗传分析表明该突变性状受一对隐性核基因控制,该基因位于第4染色体短臂上91.2 kb的区间内,区间内未见花器官发育相关基因的报道。qRT-PCR检测发现,水稻ABCDE模型中的B类、C类和E类基因的表达在突变体中显著升高。【结论】dps2突变体的雄蕊及雌蕊均发育异常,最终导致完全不育,推测DPS2可能在水稻第3轮雄蕊发育和第4轮雌蕊发育调控中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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油菜雄蕊同源异型缺失突变体的发现及形态特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在甘蓝型萝卜质不育系(Ogu CMS)与甘蓝型油菜中双4号和中双9号的杂交后代中,同时发现了花器官同源异型缺失突变体.形态观察表明,该突变体的变异主要发生在花器官第三轮的雄蕊上,其中位于外圈的2枚短雄蕊发育受阻,干瘪皱缩,不能产生花粉;而位于内圈的4枚长雄蕊则全部转化为心皮状结构,紧紧包附在雌蕊的周围.由于这种新型不育材料存在同源异型转换现象(雄蕊转化为心皮),因此推测其产生可能与控制花器官发育的同源异型基因的变异有关. 相似文献
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EMS诱变的小麦基部小穗不孕突变体的鉴定与小穗形态发育 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解小麦基部小穗不孕突变体的农艺性状和小穗形态发育特点,对EMS诱变小麦品系山农1186所得的基部小穗不孕突变体进行了农艺性状鉴定和小穗发育过程观察.结果表明,10个突变株系基部有2～4个不孕小穗,而山农1186基部小穗正常结实;与受体山农1186相比,10个突变株系的穗长、小穗数没有变化,但穗粒数显著降低,降低幅度为20.63%～44.44%;突变株系的株高、穗下节、倒二节、倒四节、倒五节间长度显著增加,平均增长27.28%、20.55%、22.58%、51.10%和93.55%,倒三节间长度增加不显著,表明株高的增加是由多个节间伸长造成的;大多数株系的旗叶、倒二叶、倒三叶长度增加不显著,但宽度显著变窄,分别比对照平均减少16.93%、18.15%和14.36%,叶长、叶宽的变异并未引起叶面积的明显变化.对小穗发育的形态学观察发现,突变体基部小穗在四分体时期开始退化,雌蕊、雄蕊、子房萎焉失水,变成模糊的一团组织,进而导致基部小穗不孕. 相似文献
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一个水稻多重颖壳突变体的形态学观察及初步遗传分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
从T DNA插入突变体库中筛选获得1份多重颖壳突变体。解剖镜下观察发现其内外稃伸长,同时伴有类颖壳状结构而普遍呈现多重颖壳。在所观察的215朵颖花中,14.27%的颖花没有雌、雄蕊,23.72%的颖花包含有额外小花,6201%的颖花其雌、雄蕊数目变化分别为1~3枚和1~9枚,部分颖花的花丝基部可看到泡状透明瘤状物;突变体浆片稃片化而使其颖花在自然条件下不能开放;完全雄性和雌性不育。扫描电镜观察揭示其颖花原基分化正常,但进入雌、雄蕊原基的分化较迟,会继续进行类似多重颖壳状器官的分化;同时,颖花原基进行不均衡分裂,产生数目不等的雌、雄蕊。遗传分析显示该突变是一个单基因控制的隐性性状,并与T DNA插入表现共分离。推断它是E类基因引起的功能突变。 相似文献
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PAN Cun-hong LI Ai-hong Wu Ru ZHANG Ya-fang TANG Wen Wu Chang-yin ZHANG Qi-fa PAN Xue-biao 《水稻科学》2006,13(4):227-233
The floral development is one of the pivotal characteristics of the transition from vegetative to reproductive phase in plant, while the generated seeds are the important source of propagation and population dispersal. Furthermore, it serves as the foundation of grain yield and quality in crop. Therefore, the floral development and its regulation becomes current research hotspot in plant molecular biology. Previously, some genes controlling flower development have been cloned in Snapdragon and… 相似文献
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本研究结果表明，新发现的大麦雄性不育材料小孢子母细胞的减数分裂，四分体之前表现正常，此后出现四分体小孢子形成不同步，单核期的小孢子，因无淀粉等必要的营养合成与积累而发生饥饿败育。主要表现为，细胞皱缩，胞壁逐渐解体，I－KI不染色等。自小孢子母细胞减数分裂四分体开始，经单核小孢了列双核小孢子期，雄性不育株的雌、雄蕊及其单核小孢子期的旗叶、旗下叶和倒3号，过氧化物酶同酶谱与其等基因可育株的相比，或酶带数增多或颜色加深，酶活性显著增强。可能是造成内源IAA氧化分解，导致小孢子发生饥饿败育的重要原因。在不育和可有株雄蕊中，分别发现染色很深的过氧化酶同工酶带POD－1、POD－9和POD－14、POD－15及POD－16等，可能是该雄性不育的特征带。 相似文献
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Potato (Solarium tuberosum) plants co-infected with a mild and a severe strain of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) were analyzed by return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the presence of both strains in vegetative and reproductive plant parts. Both strains were detected in the anthers, flowers, inflorescences, leaves, ovaries, ovules, petals, pistils, roots, sepals, stolons and tubers. Only mild strain was detected from pollen in the cultivars tested. True potato seed (TPS) were not doubly infected when they were obtained from co-infected maternal parent plants pollinated with pollen from healthy plants. Also, when maternal plants infected with severe strain were pollinated with pollen from healthy plants or from those infected with the mild strain, TPS were not doubly infected. A small number of TPS with double infection was obtained when co-infected or mild-strain-infected plants were pollinated with pollen containing the severe strain (singly or doubly infected). The number of TPS containing mild strain predominated in a ratio of 7:1 over TPS containing the severe strain. This study indicates that segregation of strains from doubly-infected plants probably takes place during pollen formation and persists through seed development. 相似文献
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Sun Lei Ling Wang Lianmeng Liu Yuxuan Hou Yihua Xu Mengqi Liang Jian Gao Qiqin Li Shiwen Huang 《水稻科学》2019,26(1):60-68
Rice spikelet rot disease (RSRD), caused by Fusarium proliferatum, is an emerging disease. So far, the effects of diseased rice floral organs as well as the primary infection sites and stages of this pathogen are not determined. We investigated changes in the floral organs, along with the infection processes of the pathogen in plants inoculated with F. proliferatum and labelled with a green fluorescent protein during different growth stages of rice. The results showed that RSRD is not a systemic infectious disease, which has negative effects on the fertility of the infected rice. F. proliferatum caused brown colored anthers, crinkled pistils and ovaries, pollen grain deformities and anther indehiscence. The number of pollen grains on the stigmas decreased significantly in the infected spikelets, and the anther dehiscence and seed-setting rate successively declined by 69% and 73%, respectively, as a result of the infection. The initial infection stage occurred at the pollen cell maturity stage, and the primary invasion sites were determined to be the anthers of rice. It was noted that the pathogen mainly damaged the pollen cells, and with the exception of the filaments, proceeded to colonize the pistils and endosperm. 相似文献
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一个新的大豆细胞质黄化突变体的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用一个大豆叶片黄化突变体与6个带有不同标记基因的基因型杂交配制了8个杂交组合(包括两组正反交组合)。根据杂交后代的表现对该突变体进行了遗传分析并测定了亲本和F_1植株的叶绿素含量。结果表明该突变体的叶绿素缺失性状呈母体遗传。当以黄化突变体为母本时,杂交F_1和F_2单株都表现为黄化,当用正常的非黄化基因型作为母本时,所有的F_1和F_2植株都不黄化。在自然光照条件下,突变体的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量约是正常基因型的47.4、40.4和43.7％。突变体新生叶片的叶绿素含量很低,随着叶片的发育成熟,叶绿素含量逐渐接近正常基因型。根据大豆遗传委员会的有关规定和惯例,建议将该突变体定名为Cyt—Y_4。 相似文献
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三粒小麦每朵小花通常可以结三粒种子。三粒小麦被认为是普通小麦"甘麦8号"的自然突变体,但一直缺乏分子证据。为了探讨三粒小麦与甘麦8号的亲缘关系,本研究利用SSR标记对三粒小麦、甘麦8号及其姊妹系等16份小麦材料进行了遗传多样性分析,63对引物共扩增出275条多态性带;遗传相似性分析表明,三粒小麦与甘麦8号之间未表现出更近的遗传距离;聚类分析将三粒小麦单独聚在一个亚组,而甘麦8号、甘麦8号的姊妹系及其亲本聚在另一个亚组,说明三粒小麦不一定来源于甘麦8号的自然突变。 相似文献
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LI Jin-bo XIA Ming-yuan WAN Bing-liang DU Xue-shu ZHA Zhong-ping YU Da-zhao QI Hua-xiong 《水稻科学》2009,16(1):79-82
A mutant with twisted hulls was found in a breeding population of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The mutant shows less grain weight and inferior grain quality in addition to twisted hulls. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype of mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene (temporarily designated as TWH). To map the TWH gene, an F2 population was generated by crossing the twh mutant to R725, an indica rice variety with normal hulls. For bulked segregant analysis, the bulk of mutant plants was prepared by mixing equal amount of plant tissue from 10 twisted-hull plants and the bulk of normal plants was obtained by pooling equal amount tissue of 10 normal-hull plants. Two hundred and seven pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers, which are distributed on 12 rice chromosomes, were used for polymorphism analysis of the parents and the two bulks. The TWH locus was initially mapped close to the SSR marker RM526 on chromosome 2. Therefore, further mapping was performed using 50 pairs of SSR primers around the marker RM526. The TWH was delimited between the SSR markers RM14128 and RM208 on the long arm of chromosome 2 at the genetic distances of 1.4 cM and 2.7 cM, respectively. These results provide the foundation for further fine mapping, cloning and functional analysis of the TWH gene. 相似文献