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烟草蚀纹病毒病是近年来黄淮烟区流行的重要病害，主要由桃蚜传播。作者于１９９４年在陕西用Ｄａｖｉｄ＆Ｍｏｏｒｅ法调查统计蚜虫分布型，结果是蚜虫第１次迁飞高峰期在烟田成聚集分布。用平均扩散指标（Ｉδ）法和平均拥挤度ｍ＊两种方法检验蚀纹病在田间分布型，其结果一致，除７月２５日病株率最高达６０．９２％时属于均匀分布以外，其他均属聚集分布。说明发病初期和病情轻时，田间病株是聚集的，有明显发病中心，和蚜虫田间分布型密切相关，符合蚜传病毒病的发病特征。 相似文献
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用于制备固体免疫剂的液体免疫剂最佳组合：ＴＭＶ,ＣＭＶ和ＴｕＭＶ抗血清的稀释度分别为１／２５６、１／６４和１／１２８,金黄色葡萄球菌菌悬液浓度为１１％、０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＰＢＳ的ｐＨ值为７．０,甘油浓度为１０％。液体制剂冻干过程的降温方式为二步法。固体制剂贮藏条件的最佳组合：含水量为３．２％,贮藏温度为－１０℃。固体制剂在－１０℃贮藏１年后,采用病毒细菌凝集试验检测ＴＭＶ,ＣＭＶ和ＴｕＭＶ纯病毒 相似文献
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桂林地区位于长江流域冬油菜区与华南冬油菜区分界处,油菜病毒病的病原病毒主要是芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)和黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV),但以后者所占比例为大;病毒主要通过蚜虫迁飞而传播;传毒蚜虫主要是萝卜蚜和桃蚜;病害流行受油菜品种抗病性,毒源作物发病量,栽培环境和气候等因素影响,这些与长江流域冬油菜病区具有相似性。该地处于长 相似文献
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蚜虫是植物病毒病的主要媒介昆虫。有人用300种蚜虫对相同数目的植物病毒病进行传毒传毒试验,结果表明有180种蚜虫可以传播病毒病(Harris 1980)。在所研究过的蚜虫中,以桃蚜Myxus persicae(Sulzer)传播的病毒病最多(78种);棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover,也可传播55种。由于蚜虫传播了如此之多的 相似文献
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1980—1985年,在江苏省太仓县进行试验与调查,得出油菜病毒病的主要流行规律是:病害与油菜播种期、夏季气温和秋季降雨量呈负相关;与秋季传毒蚜虫迁飞量、十字花科蔬菜病毒病发生量呈正相关;油菜不同品种发病差异显著。 相似文献
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湖北省白肋烟病毒病调查及其鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
１９９５～１９９６年调查表明,湖北省五峰、建始、恩施县（市）白肋烟主产区为花叶和黄花病毒病流行区。１９９５年花叶类型发病率为１０％～９０％,平均３０％以上;黄化类型１０％～３０％,平均２０％左右,蚀纹病在３县（市）零星发生。１９９６年各产区病害比１９９５年轻,以花叶病害为主。经血清鉴定明确,花叶类型病害、黄化类型病害和蚀纹病分别由黄瓜花叶病毒（ＣＭＶ）、马铃薯Ｙ病毒（ＰＶＹ）和烟草花叶病毒（ＴＭＶ）引起。ＣＭＶ为侵染白肋烟的主要病毒。这是湖北省白肋烟病毒病调查与病毒鉴定的首次报道。 相似文献
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4种寄主植物的繁蚜－繁蜂能力和子代烟蚜茧蜂的寄生潜力比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为比较不同寄主植物繁蚜,继而繁育烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis的潜力,促进烟蚜茧蜂扩繁,从烟田采集供试烟蚜与烟蚜茧蜂,比较了烟草、萝卜、油菜和小白菜共4种常用寄主植物的繁蚜-繁蜂能力和繁育的子代烟蚜茧蜂的寄生潜力。结果显示:(1)烟草和萝卜的单株繁蚜速率较快、繁蚜量大,表明两者的繁蚜能力强于小白菜和油菜;(2)4种寄主植物上的僵蚜羽化率没有显著差异,烟蚜茧蜂对烟草和萝卜繁育烟蚜的寄生率显著高于小白菜和油菜,表明在烟草和萝卜上繁蜂能力强于油菜和小白菜;(3)烟草上繁育的子代蜂寿命及其后足胫节长度均显著大于在其他3种寄主植物上繁育的寄生蜂的相应参数,表明烟草上繁育的子代烟蚜茧蜂的营养状态优于在其他3种寄主植物上得到的烟蚜茧蜂。总体而言,烟草的繁蚜-繁蜂能力和子代烟蚜茧蜂的寄生潜力均强于其他3种寄主植物,更适用于烟蚜茧蜂扩繁;萝卜上繁育的子代烟蚜茧蜂的寄生潜力不及烟草,但明显优于小白菜和油菜,可作为一种烟蚜茧蜂繁育的替代寄主植物,用于提纯、复壮烟蚜和烟蚜茧蜂。 相似文献
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辅蛋白与蚜虫传毒之间关系研究初探 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用蚜虫在传播某些非持久性病毒时所需辅蛋白协助其完成传毒过程这一特性,综合生物学、血清学及电镜学方法,探讨辅蛋白与蚜虫传毒之间的关系。通过对进入蚜虫体内的病毒颗粒所处位置的观察,用间接生物学方法可测得它们之间的相关性。同时,该研究还进一步证实了辅蛋白在蚜虫传毒过程中所起作用的一部分。 相似文献
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植物病毒与介体蚜虫存在复杂的互作关系。前人关于植物病毒对蚜虫调控作用的研究主要集中在植物病毒通过寄主植物对蚜虫的间接影响上,未见植物病毒对介体蚜虫适合度直接调控的报道。鉴于此,我们以麦长管蚜Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi)为试虫,以其传播的大麦黄矮病毒-GAV(Barley yellow dwarf virus GAV,BYDV-GAV)为测试病毒,以全纯人工饲料加入BYDV-GAV病毒提取液饲养麦长管蚜4 d,使之在不接触寄主植物条件下获毒,然后分别在全纯人工饲料和无毒小麦叶片上继续饲养,直至死亡。利用生命表技术分析麦长管蚜生长发育和繁殖参数。研究结果表明:在无毒小麦叶片饲养条件下,与未获毒对照麦长管蚜相比,获毒后麦长管蚜生活史参数成虫历期和产仔天数显著降低,繁殖力显著增加;种群参数内禀增长率、净繁殖率、周限增长率显著增加,平均世代周期显著降低。在全纯人工饲料条件下,与未获毒对照相比,获毒后麦长管蚜仅成虫历期和产仔天数显著下降,而其他生活史参数及种群参数均无显著差异。说明BYDV-GAV使得介体麦长管蚜在小麦叶片上的适合度显著提高,这是由麦长管蚜与寄主植物互作引起的,而病毒对介体麦长管蚜的适合度无直接调控作用。 相似文献
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1983年6月,在南京郊区的长豇豆上采到1株表现植株矮缩症状的C-7病毒分离物。接种试验证明,它不能摩擦接种传病,但可以由豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)、棉蚜(A.gossypii)和桃蚜(Myzus persicae)以持久性方式传病。寄主范围测定的结果表明:分离物可以侵染长豇豆、豇豆、蚕豆、大豆、菜豆、豌豆、赤豆、利马豆、苜蓿、红三叶、地三叶、绛三叶、葫芦巴,紫云英和苕子等15种豆科植物和曼陀罗1种茄科植物。这些植物大都出现植株矮化,叶片扭曲,卷缩或僵缩,不能开花结实等症状。豆蚜的传病性状中,获毒饲育的最短传病时间为3小时,接毒饲育最短传病时间为10分钟,循回期是24小时左右。但是,传病率最高的获毒饲育时间是2~3天,接毒饲育时间在1天以上。接种1头蚜虫就具有传病能力,5头蚜虫能达到100%的传病率。蚜虫可以终身传毒,蜕皮不影响其传毒力,但传毒有间歇性。根据它的基本性状,病毒C-7分离物是一种豆科植物的黄化型病毒,可能是属于大麦黄矮病毒组(Luteovirus Group)的成员。 相似文献
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Raspberry latent virus (RpLV) is a newly characterized reovirus found in commercial raspberry fields in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Thus far, all members of the plant reoviruses are transmitted in a replicative, persistent manner by several species of leafhoppers or planthoppers. After several failed attempts to transmit RpLV using leafhoppers, the large raspberry aphid, commonly found in the PNW, was tested as a vector of the virus. The virus was transmitted to new, healthy raspberry plants when inoculated with groups of at least 50 viruliferous aphids, suggesting that aphids are vectors of RpLV, albeit inefficient ones. Using absolute and relative quantification methods, it was shown that the virus titer in aphids continued to increase after the acquisition period even when aphids were serially transferred onto fresh, healthy plants on a daily basis. Transmission experiments determined that RpLV has a 6-day latent period in the aphid before it becomes transmissible; however, it was not transmitted transovarially to the next generation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a plant reovirus transmitted by an aphid. Phylogenetic analyses showed that RpLV is related most closely to but distinct from Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV), the type member of the genus Oryzavirus. Moreover, the conserved nucleotide termini of the genomic segments of RpLV did not match those of RRSV or other plant reoviruses, allowing us to suggest that RpLV is probably the type member of a new genus in the Reoviridae comprising aphid-transmitted reoviruses. 相似文献
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The study of the transmission biology of insect-borne plant viruses is important to develop disease control practices. We characterized the transmission of a nanovirus, Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), by its aphid vector Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera, Aphididae) with respect to temperature, vector life stage, and plant access time. Adult aphids transmitted BBTV more efficiently than third instar nymphs at all temperatures tested. Adult aphids transmitted the virus more efficiently at 25 and 30 degrees C than at 20 degrees C, but temperature had no impact on transmission efficiency by nymphs. By decoupling the relationship between temperature and aphid BBTV acquisition or inoculation, we determined that temperature affected inoculation events more strongly than acquisition. Longer plant access periods increased viral acquisition and inoculation efficiencies in a range of 60 min to 24 h. Both BBTV acquisition and inoculation efficiencies peaked after 18 h of plant access period. We also show that BBTV transmission by P. nigronervosa requires a latent period. Our results demonstrate that vector transmission of BBTV is affected by temperature, vector life stage, and plant access period. 相似文献
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Aluminum foil and plastic mulch, covering 57-83% of the ground in peppers from emergence, effectively protected the crop against aphid-borne cucumber mosaic and potato virus Y by repelling winged aphids. Aluminum foil and grey plastic sheets gave the best results, followed closely by white plastic on black. The mulches were most efficient during the first 3 weeks in the field, after which they lost some of their reflectance. Trappings of winged aphids from the aluminum-covered plots during the first 3 weeks were only 2 and 5% of the control, and those in the grey-plastic-covered plots were between 6 and 12%.Myzus persicae was especially sensitive to reflection, and trappings in the aluminum and grey plastic plots during the first 3 weeks were less than 0.6 and 2% of the control, respectively. Repellence of winged aphids was correlated with virus incidence, especially during years with high natural virus spread; infection rates in the mulched plots at harvest time reached only 4.5-6% compared with 45% in the controls. As a result, yields were markedly higher except in the aluminum-mulched plot where in one season growth of plants was retarded, perhaps due to lower soil temperature. 相似文献
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The transmission efficiency of Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) by three aphid vectors (i.e., Aphis gossypii, A. craccivora, and Myzus persicae) was studied. Efficiency was measured by single-aphid inoculation, group inoculation (using five aphids), duration of virus retention, and the number of plants following a single acquisition access period (AAP) to which the aphids could successfully transmit the virus. Single-aphid inoculation studies indicated that M. persicae (56%) and A. gossypii (53%) were significantly more efficient in transmitting PRSV than A. craccivora (38%). Further, in the former two species, the time required for initiation of the first probe on the inoculation test plant was significantly shorter compared to A. craccivora. PRSV transmission efficiency was 100% in all three species when a group of five aphids were used per plant. There was a perceptible decline in transmission efficiency as the sequestration period increased, although M. persicae successfully transmitted PRSV after 30 min of sequestration. A simple leaf-disk assay technique was employed for evaluating the transmission efficiency of three species of aphids. The results of leaf-disk assays also indicated that A. gossypii (48%) and M. persicae (56%) were more efficient PRSV vectors than A. craccivora. Using leaf-disk assays, the ability of individual aphids to inoculate PRSV serially to a number of plants was studied. Following a single AAP on an infected leaf, M. persicae was more efficient than the other two species with 52.5% transmission after the first inoculation access period (IAP). However, its inoculation efficiency significantly decreased with the second and subsequent IAPs. A. gossypii was able to transmit PRSV sequentially up to four successive leaf disks, but with significantly declining efficiency. Since A. gossypii is reported to be the numerically dominant vector in south India in addition to being a more efficient vector capable of inoculating PRSV to multiple plants, it should be the target vector for control strategies. 相似文献