共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为明确矿质元素指纹对粉葛产地鉴别的可行性,筛选出鉴别粉葛产地的有效指标,本研究采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定陕西、湖北、广西3个地域粉葛和土壤样品中B、Na、Mg、P、K、Ca、Mn、Co、Cu、Zn、Rb、Sr、Mo、Cd、Cs、Ba、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm和Ti 22种矿质元素含量,并结合主成分分析、逐步判别分析和聚类分析对不同地域样品进行分类。结果表明,除B、Cu元素外,其余元素含量在不同地域粉葛间均存在显著差异(P<0.05);不同地域间粉葛矿质元素含量表现出独有的地理指纹特征,经逐步判别分析筛选出Mg、P、Co、Rb和Sr 5种元素,经回代检验和交叉检验的整体判别率分别为97.7%和93.0%;相关性分析结果表明,粉葛中Rb、Sr和Ti元素含量与对应土壤中的元素呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。因此,矿质元素指纹结合多元统计分析能够在一定程度上实现不同产地粉葛的鉴别,这为粉葛产地溯源的可行性提供了技术支持。 相似文献
2.
Multi-element analysis of South African wines by ICP-MS and their classification according to geographical origin 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Coetzee PP Steffens FE Eiselen RJ Augustyn OP Balcaen L Vanhaecke F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(13):5060-5066
Wines from three important wine-producing regions, Stellenbosch, Robertson, and Swartland, in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, were analyzed by ICP-MS and the elemental composition used in multivariate statistical analysis to classify the wines according to geographical origin. The method is based on the assumption that the provenance soil is an important contributor to the trace element composition of a wine. A total of 40 elements were determined in 40 wines. Of these, 20 elements: Li, B, Mg, Al, Si, Cl, Sc, Mn, Ni, Ga, Se, Rb, Sr, Nb, Cs, Ba, La, W, Tl, and U showed differences in their means across the three areas. In a stepwise discriminant analysis procedure, functions based on linear combinations of the log-transformed element concentrations of Al, Mn, Rb, Ba, W, and Tl were generated to correctly classify wines from each region. In an alternative approach, a pairwise discriminant analysis procedure, not previously used in wine provenance studies, was tested. In this procedure, the classification was done in three steps, with each step classifying a wine as coming from a certain region or not. The combination of elements characterizing wines from a particular region was different in each region. The discriminant functions were based on the following elements: Al, Mn, Rb, Ba, and W for Stellenbosch; Se, Rb, Cs, and Tl for Robertson; and Al, Mn, Rb, Sr, Ba, and Tl for Swartland. After this procedure, the classification of the wines into one of the groups was 100% successful. 相似文献
3.
连续三年减施氮肥对潮土玉米生长及根际土壤氮素供应的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
4.
Liu L Cozzolino D Cynkar WU Gishen M Colby CB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(18):6754-6759
Visible (vis) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis was used to classify the geographical origin of commercial Tempranillo wines from Australia and Spain. Wines (n = 63) were scanned in the vis and NIR regions (400-2500 nm) in a monochromator instrument in transmission. Principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on PCA scores were used to classify Tempranillo wines according to their geographical origin. Full cross-validation (leave-one-out) was used as validation method when PCA and LDA classification models were developed. PLS-DA models correctly classified 100% and 84.7% of the Australian and Spanish Tempranillo wine samples, respectively. LDA calibration models correctly classified 72% of the Australian wines and 85% of the Spanish wines. These results demonstrate the potential use of vis and NIR spectroscopy, combined with chemometrics as a rapid method to classify Tempranillo wines accordingly to their geographical origin. 相似文献
5.
为探究贵州省名优茶产地不同深层土壤对茶叶矿质元素溯源效果的影响,以土壤-茶叶的多矿质元素法结合主成分分析(PCA)、反向传播(BP)神经网络法、逐步线性判别分析(SLDA)对茶叶产地进行溯源。结果显示,不同产地的茶叶和土壤具有独特的矿质元素指纹,茶叶中Fe、Mn、K、Ca、Mg、Cu的含量与土壤中对应元素含量显著相关(P<0.05),以这6种矿质元素含量结合PCA可有效区分茶叶的地理起源;不同深层土壤对茶叶产地的溯源有不同影响,通过SLDA法、BP神经网络法明确了以60~80 cm的土层进行产地溯源的效果最优,产地溯源验证判别率分别为98.5%(SLDA法)和100%(BP神经网络法),并基于SLDA法确定了Zn、Cu、P、Mn、Fe、Mg和K 7种元素构建的贵州名优茶产地溯源模型。此外,研究发现茶叶产地溯源几乎不受茶树品种的影响。本研究结果为贵州省名优茶矿质元素指纹图谱的建设及土壤-茶叶产地溯源的关系研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献
6.
为研究不同泌乳期及产地来源对牛奶中矿物元素含量的影响,并建立产地溯源模型,从我国4个地区(河北、宁夏、陕西和内蒙古)共采集120份牛奶样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定牛奶中12种矿物元素的含量,研究泌乳期不同阶段牛奶中矿物元素特征的变化并进行产地溯源。结果表明,泌乳期不同阶段样品的矿物元素含量差异不显著(P>0.05),同一泌乳阶段,含量最高的是钾,其次是钙,最低的是铬。除钼外,其余11种矿物元素的含量在4个地区间均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。偏最小二乘判别分析法(PLS-DA)和交叉验证的结果表明,矿物元素可以对不同产地来源的牛奶样品进行分类,交叉验证的准确率为88.3%,通过计算得出产地鉴别的关键因子是锶、铬、锌及锰。综上,多元矿物元素是鉴别牛奶地理来源的有效工具。本研究结果为保障乳制品安全及真实性提供了参考依据。 相似文献
7.
本研究旨在利用稳定同位素与多元素分析技术结合化学计量学统计方法,开发不同省份西瓜产地溯源新策略。通过元素分析仪-同位素比质谱和电感耦合等离子质谱测定新疆、山东、广西、海南等产地的73份西瓜样本的碳、氮、氢、氧稳定同位素比值(δ13C、δ15N、δ2H、δ18O)与16种矿物元素含量(Na、K、Ca、Sr、Ba、Pb等)。单因素方差统计分析表明,δ13C、δ15N、δ2H、δ18O值与Na、K、Ca、Cr、Mn等元素含量特征在各省份西瓜样本间具有显著差异(P<0.05),但单一变量不足以将4个产地的西瓜完全进行区分。通过典则判别分析进行多变量统计分析,提取特征变量,构建线性判别函数,可以实现4个省份西瓜样本的原产地区分。该方法对新疆、山东、海南样本判别准确度高达100%,而广西样本判别率为71.4%,误判为海南产地概率为28.6%。由此可知,该策略能够实现大尺度地理空间的西瓜产地溯源,为其产地标识确证和优质品牌保护提供了有效的技术手段。 相似文献
8.
磷肥减施对玉米根系生长及根际土壤磷组分的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
9.
Héberger K Csomós E Simon-Sarkadi L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(27):8055-8060
Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to classify 187 Hungarian white and red wines according to wine-making technology, geographic origin (wine-making region), grape variety, and year of vintage based on free amino acid and biogenic amine contents. Determination of free amino acids and biogenic amines was accomplished by ion-exchange chromatography. Six principal components accounted for >77% of the total variance in the data. The plots of component loadings showed significant groupings of free amino acids and biogenic amines. The component scores grouped according to wines made by different wine-making technologies. Using LDA the variables with a major discriminant capacity were determined. Almost complete classification (94.7%) was achieved concerning both white and red wines and wines made by different wine-making technologies. The results of differentiation between white wines according to geographic origin, grape variety, and year of vintage were 70.8, 62.4, and 73.5%, respectively. The same numbers for red wines according to geographic origin, grape variety, and year of vintage were 64.9, 71.6, and 82.4%, respectively. 相似文献
10.
基于矿物元素指纹的羊肉产地溯源技术 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为探讨矿物元素指纹对羊肉产地溯源的有效性,找寻表征地域特性的元素指标,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析中国内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟、锡林郭勒盟和呼伦贝尔市3个牧区,及重庆市和山东省菏泽市2个农区脱脂羊肉和土壤样品中4种常量元素(K、Ca、Na、Mg)和13种微量元素(V、Mn、Fe、Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Be、Sb、Zn、Se、Ba、Tl)的含量,对其进行方差分析、相关分析和判别分析。结果表明,羊肉中矿物元素含量组成在地域间有明显差异,农区元素含量普遍高于牧区。脱脂羊肉中Ca、Zn、Be、Ni、Fe、Ba、Sb、Mn和Se9种元素含量的地域差异与土壤相关,它们对农牧区的正确判别率达90%以上,对5个地域的正确判别率在70%～100%之间。利用羊肉中矿物元素指纹分析技术可鉴别和追溯羊肉的产地来源,为羊肉及其他食品的产地溯源研究提供方法参考。 相似文献
11.
提高小麦籽粒有益微量元素含量,特别是对人体影响较大的Fe、Zn含量,是解决中国广大居民微量元素营养匮乏的重要途径之一。2012-2015年将3个不同基因型小麦品种(邯6172、衡5229和周麦16),种植于河北石家庄赵县、陕西杨凌区和河南省新乡辉县。每个地域3个小区,每小区面积10 m2,试验田按照当地小麦品种区域试验管理。共采集36份小麦样品,小麦籽粒粉碎制得全麦粉;同时将小麦籽粒加工制粉,得到粗麸、细麸和面粉。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定全麦粉及制粉产品(粗麸、细麸和面粉)中的Fe、Zn含量。结合单因素方差分析及Duncan多重比较分析不同地域、不同基因型、不同年际获得的小麦不同制粉产品间的Fe、Zn含量差异。结果表明,基因型对本研究全麦粉Fe含量影响最为显著,地域是影响全麦粉Zn含量的最重要因素。Fe、Zn含量在小麦制粉不同组分中的变化趋势为:粗麸>细麸>面粉。Fe含量在各组分中受基因型影响最大。Zn含量在全麦粉和粗麸中受地域影响最大,细麸中受年际影响最大,面粉中分别受年际×地域的交互作用、基因型和年际3个因素的影响最大。综上所述,全麦粉相对面粉的Fe、Zn含量更高,且更容易通过选种和选择合适地域耕种提高其Fe、Zn含量。本研究为从小麦的种植及加工角度改善主食中铁锌含量较低这一现状提供了理论参考。 相似文献
12.
生态环境与施氮量协同对小麦籽粒微量元素含量的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
【目的】铁、 锰、 铜、 锌等微量元素含量的高低不仅直接关系到小麦植株的生长发育也直接影响到小麦籽粒的营养价值。不同地区、 品种以及种植方式小麦微量元素营养品质不稳定。本试验主要研究不同生态环境与栽培措施协同对小麦籽粒微量元素含量的影响,以期为小麦高产优质生产提供参考。【方法】试验位于生态环境差异较大的北京、 河北任丘和河北赵县,采用裂区设计,以试验点为主区,即任丘、 北京、 赵县; 施氮量为副区,设5个氮素水平0、 90、 180、 270、 360 kg/hm2; 小麦品种为副副区,为济麦20、 皖麦38、 京冬8号、 中麦8号。收获后于每个小区中随机取样测定籽粒样品中Fe、 Mn、 Cu、 Zn等4种微量元素的含量。比较微量元素含量的差异显著性,分析不同试点生态条件与施氮量对小麦微量元素含量的影响,探讨不同生态环境下小麦微量元素含量的稳定性以及氮肥的调控补偿效应。【结果】 1）小麦籽粒中铁、 锰、 铜、 锌微量元素含量受生态环境、 栽培因素及品种遗传因素的共同作用,各试验因子均对其有显著影响。其中以生态环境的影响最大,生态环境差异越大,对小麦微量元素的影响作用越大。降水量可以影响小麦对铁和锰的吸收, 锌则受土壤有机质含量和试点纬度影响较大; 土壤中的钾可以促进小麦对铁、 锰、 铜、 锌的吸收利用。2）在0~360 kg/hm2 施氮范围内,氮肥有利于促进小麦对土壤中铁、 铜和锌的吸收,不利于锰的吸收积累。适当施用氮肥有利于缩小小麦籽粒铁、 锰、 铜元素含量的生态环境变异,提高其生态稳定性,但对锌元素试点间稳定性影响较小。施用氮肥对不同小麦品种微量元素含量差异有不同程度的调节效应,有利于缩小小麦品种间铁、 锰、 锌含量的差异。【结论】栽培环境对小麦籽粒微量元素含量的影响大于遗传因素,即小麦籽粒微量元素含量有较强的栽培可塑性。施氮有利于弥补生态环境或品种差异引起的微量元素含量不稳定性,调节品种差异并补偿生态环境对小麦造成的不利影响。适宜的栽培环境对提高小麦籽粒微量元素含量有明显效果。 相似文献
13.
基于矿物元素指纹图谱的黑龙江黄豆产地溯源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
该研究探讨了矿物元素指纹分析技术对黑龙江黄豆产地溯源的可行性,筛选出判别黑龙江黄豆产地溯源的有效指标。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定来自齐齐哈尔和北安2个地域50份黄豆样品中52种矿物元素的含量,并对数据进行了方差分析、主成分分析和判别分析。研究表明,46种矿物元素含量在地域间存在显著差异,通过逐步判别分析筛选出8项元素指标建立黄豆产地判别模型,所建立的模型对黄豆产地整体交叉检验判别率为95.7%。As、Ru、Gd含量在黄豆与土壤间呈显著正相关(P0.05),Tb含量在黄豆与土壤间呈极显著正相关(P0.01),由4种元素建立的判别模型对产地判别准确。因此,上述元素是黄豆矿物元素产地鉴别较可靠的指纹信息指标。 相似文献
14.
Rodríguez Madrera R Mangas Alonso JJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(8):3071-3075
A study of typification of cider brandies on the basis of the origin of the raw material used in their manufacture was conducted using chemometric techniques (principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and Bayesian analysis) together with their composition in volatile compounds, as analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization to detect the major volatiles and by mass spectrometric to detect the minor ones. Significant principal components computed by a double cross-validation procedure allowed the structure of the database to be visualized as a function of the raw material, that is, cider made from fresh apple juice versus cider made from apple juice concentrate. Feasible and robust discriminant rules were computed and validated by a cross-validation procedure that allowed the authors to classify fresh and concentrate cider brandies, obtaining classification hits of >92%. The most discriminating variables for typifying cider brandies according to their raw material were 1-butanol and ethyl hexanoate. 相似文献
15.
Young H Rossiter K Wang M Miller M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(12):5173-5177
Changes in aroma of apple harvested at four different maturities were measured at harvest and after short-term storage using electronic aroma sensors ("electronic nose") and classical headspace/gas chromatography methods. Stored fruits were also evaluated by a trained sensory panel. Compared with headspace/gas chromatography, the electronic nose was found to be more sensitive ( approximately 40 times) in terms of sample size. The sampling procedure for the electronic nose was much less complex. Using discriminant function analysis, both methods classified the apples tested into groups according to harvest date. After storage, the groupings were more diffuse. Results from sensory testing showed partial separation along the first linear discriminant but did not classify the apple into distinct groups. Important differences between treatments were found for "overall flavor", "acid flavor" intensity, "crispness", "cider/fermented aroma", "vegetative aroma", and "canned pear aroma". 相似文献
16.
Chandra B. Singh Digvir S. Jayas Jitendra Paliwal Noel D. G. White 《Cereal Chemistry》2009,86(3):256-260
Sprout damage which results in poor breadmaking quality due to enzymatic activity of α‐amylase is one of the important grading factors of wheat in Canada. Potential of near‐infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging was investigated to detect sprouting of wheat kernels. Artificially sprouted, midge‐damaged, and healthy wheat kernels were scanned using NIR hyperspectral imaging system in the range of 1000–1600 nm at 60 evenly distributed wavelengths. Multivariate image analysis (MVI) technique based on principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the hyperspectral data. Three wavelengths 1101.7, 1132.2, and 1305.1 nm were identified as significant and used in analysis. Statistical discriminant classifiers (linear, quadratic, and Mahalanobis) were used to classify sprouted, midge‐damaged, and healthy wheat kernels. The discriminant classifiers gave maximum accuracy of 98.3 and 100% for classifying healthy and damaged kernels, respectively. 相似文献
17.
Palacios SA Ramirez ML Cabrera Zalazar M Farnochi MC Zappacosta D Chiacchiera SM Reynoso MM Chulze SN Torres AM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(22):12264-12269
A survey was carried out to determine Fusarium species and fumonisin contamination in 55 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) samples collected during two harvest seasons (2007 and 2008) using HPLC and further LC-MS/MS confirmation. All samples showed Fusarium contamination with infection levels ranging from 8 to 66%, F. proliferatum being the species most frequently isolated during 2007 and the second most frequently isolated one during the 2008 harvest season, respectively. Natural contamination with fumonisins was found in both harvest seasons. In 2007, 97% of the samples showed total fumonisin (FB(1) + FB(2)) levels ranging from 10.5 to 1245.7 ng/g, while very low levels of fumonisins were detected in samples collected during 2008. These results could be explained by differences in the amount of rainfall during both periods evaluated. A selected number (n = 48) of F. proliferatum isolates showed fumonisin production capability on autoclaved rice. This is the first report of the presence of natural fumonisins in durum wheat grains. 相似文献
18.
The proportion of vitreous durum kernels in a sample is an important grading attribute in assessing the quality of durum wheat. The current standard method of determining wheat vitreousness is performed by visual inspection, which can be tedious and subjective. The objective of this study was to evaluate an automated machine‐vision inspection system to detect wheat vitreousness using reflectance and transmittance images. Two subclasses of durum wheat were investigated in this study: hard and vitreous of amber color (HVAC) and not hard and vitreous of amber color (NHVAC). A total of 4,907 kernels in the calibration set and 4,407 kernels in the validation set were imaged using a Cervitec 1625 grain inspection system. Classification models were developed with stepwise discriminant analysis and an artificial neural network (ANN). A discriminant model correctly classified 94.9% of the HVAC and 91.0% of the NHVAC in the calibration set, and 92.4% of the HVAC and 92.7% of the NHVAC in the validation set. The classification results using the ANN were not as good as with the discriminant methods, but the ANN only used features from reflectance images. Among all the kernels, mottled kernels were the most difficult to classify. Both reflectance and transmittance images were helpful in classification. In conclusion, the Cervitec 1625 automated visionbased wheat quality inspection system may provide the grain industry with a rapid, objective, and accurate method to determine the vitreousness of durum wheat. 相似文献
19.
日本小麦生产的现状及对策 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
介绍日本产小麦的特点、小麦生产中存在的问题和相应的对策。收获期遭受雨害使小麦的品质发生劣变。尽早收割和有效的干燥,为避免小麦遭受雨害起到了积极的作用。合理的精选不仅能清除因遭受雨害而产生的劣质小麦,而且可以根据小麦的不同品质而起到分级及均匀品质的作用。 相似文献
20.
旱地不同绿肥品种和种植方式提高土壤肥力的效果 总被引：21，自引：4，他引：17