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1.
Manhattan Lebrun Ibrahim Alidou Arzika Florie Miard Romain Nandillon Gülriz Bayçu Sylvain Bourgerie Domenico Morabito 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(4):766-772
The remediation of metal(loid) polluted soil using plants (i.e. phytoremediation) often requires the application of amendments, as well as chemical fertilizer. However, such fertilizers can have negative effects when applied alone and can thus be applied together with other organic amendments to diminish this negative effect. Finally, plants to be used in phytoremediation should be selected based on their adaptive capacity and tolerance to poor and highly contaminated soils, characteristics that possesses Ailanthus altissima. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of osmocote fertilization on the amended mining technosol properties and plant growth parameters, as well as to study the accumulation pattern of As and Pb in plant roots. Results showed that osmocote ameliorated soil conditions, but increased Pb mobility. It also greatly improved plant growth. Finally, different behaviours of metal(loid) accumulation were observed in the roots: As was absorbed mainly in the roots because of its similarity with P, with very low amounts in the leaves, whereas Pb was adsorbed mainly on the root surface, with lesser proportion absorbed inside the root system. 相似文献
2.
利用土壤改良剂固定污染土壤中铅、镉的研究进展 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
Since the inception of industrial revolution, metal refining plants using pyrometallurgical processes have generated the prodigious emissions of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). As the core target of such pollutants, a large number of soils are nowadays contaminated over widespread areas, posing a great threat to public health worldwide. Unlike organic pollutants, Pb and Cd do not undergo chemical or microbial breakdown and stay likely in site for longer duration after their release. Immobilization is an in-situ remediation technique that uses cost-effective soil amendments to reduce Pb and Cd availability in the contaminated soils. The Pb and Cd contamination in the soil environment is reviewed with focus on source enrichment, speciation and associated health risks, and immobilization options using various soil amendments. Commonly applied and emerging cost-effective soil amendments for Pb and Cd immobilization include phosphate compounds, liming, animal manure, biosolids, metal oxides, and biochar. These immobilizing agents could reduce the transfer of metal pollutants or residues to food web (plant uptake and leaching to subsurface water) and their long-term sustainability in heavy metal fixation needs further assessment. 相似文献
3.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(22):2623-2632
Several anthropogenic activities lead to the production of substantial amounts of aqueous effluents that contain various toxic trace and heavy metals and which pose potential threats to the wild habitat of wetlands. As a part of the remediation of heavy metals, it is necessary to identify some aquatic hyperaccumulator plants. To this end, a greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the phytotoxicity resulting from lead (Pb) and its accumulation in selected plant species. Lead was added from low to very high levels in a swell–shrink clayey soil (Typic Haplustert). Seven levels of Pb (0, 50, 100 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg kg–1 soil) were applied. Typha angustifolia L. of Typhaceae and Behaya plant (Ipomoea carnea L.) of the Convolvulaceae family were taken as test plants. Lead was added at high and low concentrations to determine whether an increase in concentration would Pb to an increased toxicity to the plants. Recorded weight of the Typha crop was reduced (6%) at 600 mg Pb kg–1 soil, and at greater doses of Pb, the dry-matter yield was inhibited considerably. In the case of Ipomoea, no growth retardation from Pb was observed. Most Pb accumulated in roots and then was transported to shoots. The Typha angustifolia L. and Ipomoea carnea L. plants show promise for the removal of Pb from contaminated wastewater because they can accumulate high concentrations of Pb in roots (1200 and 1500 mg Pb kg–1 respectively) and shoots (275 and 425 mg Pb kg–1 respectively). Lead uptake by both the plants increased with the increasing doses of Pb (50 to 800 mg kg–1 soil). Physiological parameters such as photosynthesis, respiration, chlorophyll content, and different enzyme activities including nitrate reductase (NR), peroxidase (POD), and succinate dehydrogenase (SD) were also studied for the evaluation of these plant species. In Typha plants, at greater doses of Pb, the rate of photosynthesis and chlorophyll content decreased whereas POD and SD activities increased to combat oxidative stress. 相似文献
4.
In the surroundings of a former Pb/Zn smelter in Arnoldstein (Austria) heavy metal concentrations in planted crops exceed thresholds for usage as food and feed. The aim was to study the effects of a plant growth-promoting bacterial strain in combination with immobilizing soil amendments on plant growth, heavy metal uptake and on microbial community structure. Pot experiments were performed whereby two maize cultivars were grown in different contaminated soils and treatments consisted of Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN with and without addition of gravel sludge and siderite bearing material. Inoculation with strain PsJN significantly improved root and shoot biomass of maize independent of immobilizer addition. Analysis of heavy metal content of the rhizosphere and leaves indicated that immobilizing amendments had significant reducing effects on NH4NO3 extractable Zn and Pb in soil and in plants grown in treated soils. Microbiomes were analysed by cultivation-independent pyrosequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes. The results showed clear effects on community composition in response to the immobilizer amendments, whereas inoculation with B. phytofirmans affected microbiome diversity only to a minor extent. 相似文献
5.
Geebelen Wouter Vangronsveld Jaco Adriano Domy C. Carleer Robert Clijsters Herman 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2002,140(1-4):261-277
Lead immobilization was evaluated on soils spiked with increasingconcentrations of Pb (as Pb-acetate) using the following soilamendments: bentonite, zeolite, cyclonic ash, compost, lime,steelshot, and hydroxyapatite. The immobilization efficacy of theamendments was evaluated according to the following criteria:Ca(NO3)2-extractable Pb as an indicator of Pbphytoavailability, morphological and enzymatic parameters of beanplants (Phaseolus vulgaris) as indicator of phytotoxicity, and Pb concentration in edible tissue of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The lowest reductions in Ca(NO3)2-extractablesoil Pb occurred when bentonite and steelshot were applied. Phytotoxicity from application of steelshot was confounded by toxic amounts of Fe and Mn released from the by-product which killed the lettuce seedlings. Addition of zeolite induced poorplant growth independent of Pb concentration due to its adverseeffect on soil structure. Substantial reductions in Ca(NO3)2-extractable Pb were observed when cyclonic ash, lime, compost and hydroxyapatite were applied. In general,these amendments reduced Pb phytotoxicity concomitant with reduced Pb concentration in lettuce tissue. Cyclonic ash, limeand compost further improved plant growth and reduced oxidativestress at low soil Pb concentrations due to soil pH increase mitigating Al or Mn toxicity. 相似文献
6.
Jin Hee Park Nanthi Bolan Mallavarapu Megharaj Ravi Naidu 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(2):599-608
Lead forms stable compounds with phosphate and the immobilized Pb becomes less available to soil biota. In this study, we
tested the bioavailabilty of Pb using earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and plants after immobilization of Pb by a soluble P compound and an insoluble rock phosphate compound in the presence of
phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Enterobacter sp.). Rock phosphate in the presence of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and a soluble P compound enhanced Pb immobilization
as measured by NH4NO3-extractable Pb concentration, thereby reduced its bioavailability as evaluated by earthworm Pb loading and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Pb uptake under greenhouse conditions. However, soluble P treatment increased the concentration of Pb in soil solution thereby
inhibited the root elongation of mustard (Brassica hirta) seedlings. Sunflower plants in the Pb-spiked soil without P amendments showed symptoms of necrosis and stunting because
of Pb toxicity. Both soluble and insoluble P treatments significantly increased shoot and root weight and decreased Pb concentration
in shoot by more than 50% compared to the control. However, high Pb concentration in soil solution was found in soluble P
treatment, which can be attributed to dissolved organic carbon–Pb complex formation, thereby increasing Pb mobility. The inoculation
of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can facilitate phytostabilization of Pb-contaminated site. 相似文献
7.
采用盆栽试验,通过测定延胡索植株内铅含量、地上植株及地下块茎的生物量,研究了不同钾铅浓度组合对延胡索（Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang）生长及其不同器官干物质积累过程的影响。结果表明:总体上低铅和高铅处理土壤延胡索地上部分和地下部分生物量与空白对照相比均有增加,其中低铅处理的地上部分增加了16.26%、地下部分增加了13.44%,高铅处理的地上部分增加了10.26%、地下部分增加了7.40%。钾肥的施加能够缓解铅的生物毒性,使延胡索生物量增加。延胡索地上和地下部分中钾处理的生物量对比未施加钾肥处理,在低铅和高铅处理中均有增加,分别增加了18.67%、35.97%、29.24%、46.78%。同时,延胡索不同部位铅的积累量地下部分与地上部分总体差异显著。即地下部分呈现随时间逐渐减小的趋势,而地上部分随时间先增加后降低的趋势。且中钾处理的地上和地下部分在低铅处理中分别比未施加钾肥处理的铅含量降低了44.08%、53.37%,在高铅处理中则分别降低了28.26%、14.07%。因此在延胡索规范化种植中应在保证其铅积累量不超标的情况下,尽量选择含低铅的土壤,试验条件下增施200 mg kg?1钾肥可缓解重金属对药用植物的毒害,提高产量。 相似文献
8.
Lead (Pb) is toxic to humans, especially to young children, as well as animals. Toxicity is strongly related to the bioavailability of Pb and soil Pb bioavailability can be influenced by soil amendments. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Mn oxides and phosphorus (P) on Pb bioaccessibility in five lead-contaminated soils or mine spoils from Kansas and Missouri, USA. Fifteen treatments were used: Brazilian (BMN) and Amonone #4 (AM#4) (commercial Mn oxides), birnessite (BIR) and cryptomalene (CRYP) (synthetic Mn oxides), phosphate rock (PR) and triple superphosphate (TSP) phosphorus sources, and combinations of each P source with the Mn oxides. A physiologically based extraction test (PBET) was used to evaluate time and treatment effects. All amendments significantly decreased Pb bioaccessibility compared with control although treatment effects differed from soil to soil. In general, TSP, PR, and BIR treatments were most effective in decreasing Pb. Some amendments reduced the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) concentration for Pb to below the critical value of 5 mg L?1, but were not able to reduce TCLP extractable Cd to below 1 mg L?1. Our results indicated that the use of P and Mn oxides for reducing soil Pb bioaccessibility in contaminated soils is promising. 相似文献
9.
土壤中铅的来源及生物有效性 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26
土壤中铅有自然来源和人为来源。植物对铅的吸收和积累,决定于环境中铅的浓度、土壤条件、植物种类、叶片大小和形状等。饮用水中的铅主要来自河流、岩石、土壤和大气沉降。在生物圈循环过程中,铅污染通过呼吸、饮用水、食物等途径到达食物链的终端,最终使人体受到铅的危害。土壤铅全量与作物产量及铅吸收量的相关性要低于土壤有效铅。影响土壤铅的植物有效性的因素包括土壤铅全量、土壤理化性质、土壤微生物、高等植物等。目前,评价土壤中金属植物有效性的方法主要有:化学提取法、植物吸收试验、微生物和酶活性试验及同位素法。 相似文献
10.
Salt affected soils limit crop yields around the world. Knowledge of how nutrient availability is affected in plants growing on salt affected soils is important in adopting appropriate management practices to satisfy plants’ nutritional requirements and improve yields to meet food demands of increasing world populations. In the salt affected environment plants required to absorb essential nutrients from a dilute source in the presence of highly concentrated nonessential nutrients. Nutrient uptake and use efficiency in salt affected soils is low due to salt stress and negative interactions with cations and anions present in high concentrations. Hence, a higher amount of nutrients is necessary in salt affected soils compared to normal soils. Biological nitrogen fixation is also adversely affected in legumes grown on salt affected soils. Salts also reduce activity of many enzymes which supply energy for nutrient uptake. The important soils and plant management practices which can improve nutrient uptake and use efficiency in salt affected soils are use of soil amendments to reduce effect of salts, application of farmyard manures to create favorable plant growth environments, leaching salts from soil profile and planting salt tolerant crop species or genotypes within species. Addition of fertilizers, especially potassium may also help in reducing salinity effects and improving nutrient use efficiency. 相似文献
11.
采用盆栽试验，研究3种改良刺对减少烟草吸收土壤重金属的效应。烟草生长在外源添加重金属达Pb300mg kg^-1和Cd 0.1mg kg^-1的污染土壤上，通过添加3种土壤改良剂，测定分析烟草在不同生长时期不同部位的生物量及重金属含量，探讨3种改良剂埘减少烟草吸收土壤重金属的效果。结果表明：Pb的转移系数小于Cd，说明这两种重金属在烟草体内的迁移能力是Cd〉Pb；与对照处理相比，所有修复剂处理的土壤重金属残留量较多；3种改良剂均在不同程度上减少了烟草不同部位重金属（Cd和Pb）的含量，且增加了烟草的生物量，都起到了一定的改良效果，本试验得到改良剂优劣顺序为：凹凸棒土〉骨粉〉活性炭。 相似文献
12.
Perrine Tabarant Cécile Villenave Jean-Michel Risède Jean Roger-Estrade Marc Dorel 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(3):341-347
Nematodes are major pests for crops, including banana. Environmentally friendly methods for managing plant-parasitic nematodes
have to be developed, such as organic material application. Our study focuses on the impacts of several organic amendments
on banana plants, considering mainly their effect on soil nitrogen supply and soil microbial biomass, and the consequences
on plant-parasitic nematode impacts on the plants. A microcosm experiment for 13 weeks was conducted to evaluate four organic
materials: sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane sludge, plant residues, and sewage sludge, compared to a control without organic amendment.
Input of organic materials led to an important change on nitrogen resource, and plants grew better when the N availability
was the highest, but better growth conditions did not necessarily reduce parasitic nematodes impacts on the roots. Damage
on the roots depended on plant-parasitic nematode abundance. Three of four tested amendments exhibited a regulator effect
on plant-parasitic nematode populations (bagasse, sugarcane sludge, and plant residues). Root growth was not the explanatory
factor for this regulation. Only sugarcane sludge led to an overall positive effect on the plant, increasing its growth and
reducing its parasitism pressure. The other organic materials exhibited an antagonism between the promoted plant growth and
the reduced nematode populations. 相似文献
13.
锗对植物影响的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
锗是良好的半导体材料,且具有清除自由基、抗衰老抗氧化等生物活性,在电子工业和医学领域应用广泛。目前在植物上的研究主要集中在提高植物品质,促进植物生长及对植物毒害等方面。本文综述了锗及其化合物的理化性质、起源与分布特征,分析了锗在影响植物生长方面的生理生化机制。锗具有清除自由基的电子结构,能改变土壤中酶活性和微生物,改变植物对营养元素的吸收和利用、影响植物光合作用、改变植物的抗氧化系统等。适宜剂量的锗能促进种子萌发,有效控制藻类生长,提高作物的品质。锗积累过多,影响生理代谢,抑制植物生长,产生毒害。锗在种子萌发、植物生长方面的研究与应用,为探索锗在调节植物生长、生理生态等方面的作用提供理论基础,为植物吸收利用锗,减少锗污染方面提供理论参考。 相似文献
14.
铅镉高污染土壤的钝化材料筛选及其修复效果初探 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
本研究以重金属高污染农田土壤(全Pb含量为1 277 mg/kg,全Cd含量为39.0 mg/kg)为研究对象,通过土培试验和玉米苗期盆栽试验,探讨海泡石、石灰、腐植酸、钙镁磷肥、磷矿粉、生物质炭等常用稳定材料不同剂量及复配组合对高污染土壤重金属的钝化修复效应。土培试验结果表明,石灰对Pb和Cd钝化效果最好,其次是海泡石,但两者表现为较高添加量处理间没有显著差异;而低剂量生物质炭和腐植酸显著增加土壤有效态Pb和Cd含量,高剂量生物质炭具有较好的钝化效果。盆栽试验表明,海泡石与石灰配施钝化效果较好,与对照相比,土壤氯化钙提取态Pb、Cd含量分别降低了97.5%、81.4%;玉米根和地上部Cd含量分别降低48.5%、34.0%,Pb含量分别降低35.6%、29.6%;但海泡石与磷材料配施显著增加玉米根Pb含量,对玉米Cd吸收没有显著影响。以上结果表明,重金属高污染农田土壤添加合适的改良剂,可较大幅度降低土壤重金属有效性和植物重金属吸收性。 相似文献
15.
X. H. Zhang Y. -G. Zhu B. D. Chen A. J. Lin S. E. Smith F. A. Smith 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2065-2077
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate heavy metal [copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd)] uptake by two upland rice cultivars, ‘91B3’ and ‘277’, grown in a sterilized field soil contaminated by a mixture of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd. Rice plants were inoculated with each of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Glomus versiforme (GV), Glomus mosseae (GM), and Glomus diaphanum (GD), or remained noninoculated (NM). Both rice cultivars could be colonized by the three AMF used in this experiment. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization by the three AMFs on the two rice cultivars ranged from 30% to 70%. Mycorrhizal colonization of both upland rice cultivars had a large influence on plant growth by increasing the shoot and root biomass compared with non-inoculated (NM) plants. The results indicate that mycorrhiza exert some protective effects against the combined toxicity of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in the contaminated soil. This conclusion is supported by the partitioning of heavy metals (HMs) in the two cultivars. In the two cultivars, colonization by AMF reduced the translocation of HMs from root to shoot (except that the colonization of AMF increased the Cu translocation of HMs in cultivar ‘277’). Immobilization of the HMs in roots can alleviate the potential toxicity to shoots induced by the mixture of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd. The two rice cultivars showed significant differences in uptake of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd when uninoculated. GM inoculation gave the most protective effects on the two cultivars under the combined soil contamination. 相似文献
16.
Lead (Pb) is recorded as the second most hazardous pollutant of the environment. Previous cases of Pb bioremediation has been reported using single biosystem, but very few reports are available in biological approaches using multi-biosystems to achieve an enhanced bioremoval of Pb. The present study evaluated the capacity of a unique association of Pennisetum purpureum, a hyperaccumulator plant, and Lumbricus terrestris (earthworm) bioaugmented with a Pb-resistant bacterium, obtained from an industrially contaminated site and identified as isolate VITMVCJ1 Klebsiella variicola, to bioremediate Pb. The Pb-resistant gene was amplified in the bacterial isolate VITMVCJ1. The study was conducted for 60 d. Results verified that the bioaugmentation process enhanced 1) root and shoot length of the plants, 2) chlorophyll content of the plants, and 3) biofilm-producing ability of the microbes from the rhizosphere region of the plants. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be lower in the plants in the bioaugmented setup. The study also observed a reduction in the toxic effects of Pb on earthworm and plant. The earthworm was used to assess the Pb-induced stress syndrome after exposure to sublethal concentrations of Pb in the soil. A reduction in the content of malondialdehyde, a potential biomarker, on exposure to Pb demonstrated the role of the inoculum to alleviate heavy metal-induced stress in earthworms. All three symbionts accumulated Pb; Pb was accumulated mainly in the root of the plant, and poorly in the shoot of the plant and body mass of the earthworm. The bioaugmentation system exhibited stable and excellent uptake of Pb from the contaminated soils. The results of the present study suggest the positive effect of the synergistic association of the plant and earthworm with appropriate microbes for the bioremoval of Pb. 相似文献
17.
作物品种和化学固定剂对玉米谷物中镉和锌积累的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soil amendments(lime,nano-Si foliar solution and used diatomite) on the growth and metal uptake of three maize(Zea mays L.) cultivars grown in a Cd and Zn-contaminated acidic soil.The addition of lime significantly increased the maize grain yields and decreased the concentrations of Zn and Cd in the grains and shoots of maize when compared with the control.Among the three maize cultivars,Yunshi-5 accumulated the lowest amounts of Cd and Zn in the grain.The concentrations of Zn and Cd in the grain of Yunshi-5 conformed to the Chinese feed standards.These data revealed that a combination of low metal-accumulating maize and chemical fixation could effectively provide a barrier to prevent metals from entering the human food chain. 相似文献
18.
采用盆栽试验研究了土壤—水稻系统中不同铅浓度下(CK,100,300,500,700,900 mg/kg)2种水稻土壤的酶活性、微生物量碳、水稻生理指标及生物量的变化。结果表明:低浓度的铅处理时,土壤酶活性、微生物量碳及水稻生物量有一定的激活效应,而当铅浓度超过500 mg/kg时,多数指标转为抑制作用,其影响程度受土壤性质(如颗粒组成,有机质含量等)制约。水稻叶绿素含量在黄松田水稻土中开始随铅处理浓度的增大而增加,到铅浓度达700 mg/kg时出现峰值,然后随铅浓度的增加而降低;而在黄红壤水稻土中变化差异不明显。铅处理诱导了水稻中脯氨酸含量和过氧化物酶活性的缓慢上升。种植水稻比未种水稻具有较高的土壤微生物量碳,揭示了水稻生长具有一定的解毒作用。在土壤—铅—水稻相互作用的系统中,土壤酶活性、土壤微生物量和水稻生理指标是较好地反映铅污染的敏感指标,并且相互间存在一定的相关性,其大小因土壤类型而异。 相似文献
19.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):1053-1064
Phosphorus (P) is both a macronutrient for plants and an effective amendment to reduce lead (Pb) toxicity in soil. Thus, in Pb-polluted soil with low P availability, P will act as a nutrient as well as a Pb-immobilizing agent. However, this has not been fully investigated. A soil with 2.50 mg kg?1 Olsen P was spiked with soluble Pb and then amended with superphosphate to examine the effect of P on soil Pb availability and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. cv. Aubisque) growth. It was found that P/Pb = 2 increased ryegrass yield by 804% and decreased root Pb concentration and soil diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)–extractable Pb concentration by 25.6% and 1.0%, respectively. As P amendment increased to P/Pb = 4, both plant yield and root Pb concentration declined compared with P/Pb = 2. Results of the sequential extraction indicated that the proportion of carbonate phase Pb decreased, while that of the manganese oxide phase increased as P was added. The proportion of residual Pb was little affected by the amendment. The results suggest that in soils with low P availability and high Pb availability, availability of soil Pb and root concentration of Pb are less affected, whereas the toxicity of Pb is greatly depressed by the P amendment; P/Pb = 2 is high enough to alleviate the stresses of low P availability. 相似文献
20.
Soil salinization affecting different crops is one of the serious threats to global food security.Soil salinity affects 20%and 33%of the total cultivated and irrigated agricultural lands,respectively,and has been reported to caused a global crop production loss of 27.3 billion USD.The conventional approaches,such as using salt-tolerant varieties,saline soil scrapping,flushing,leaching,and adding supplements (e.g.,gypsum and lime),often fail to alleviate stress.In this context,developing diverse arrays of microbes enhancing crop productivity under saline soil conditions without harming soil health is necessary.Various advanced omics approaches have enabled gaining new insights into the structure and metabolic functions of plant-associated beneficial microbes.Various genera of salt-tolerating rhizobacteria ameliorating biotic and abiotic stresses have been isolated from different legumes,cereals,vegetables,and oil seeds under extreme alkaline and saline soil conditions.Rapid progress in rhizosphere microbiome research has revived the belief that plants may be more benefited from their association with interacting diverse microbial communities as compared with individual members in a community.In the last decade,several salt-tolerating plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that improve crop production under salt stress have been exploited for the reclamation of saline agrosystems.This review highlights that the interaction of salt-tolerating microbes with plants improves crop productivity under salinity stress along with potential salt tolerance mechanisms involved and will open new avenues for capitalizing on cultivable diverse microbial communities to strengthen plant salt tolerance and,thus,to refine agricultural practices and production under saline conditions. 相似文献