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《杂交水稻》2017,(4):33-35
株1S原原种本地规模化生产采用割蔸后坐蔸再生冷灌繁殖,繁殖基地选择在株1S原种繁殖基地内,便于隔离和温度调控。栽培上注意培育壮秧、匀秧;单本移栽,密度16.7 cm×16.7 cm;头茬肥轻、再生肥重;齐穗后2~3 d割蔸,留桩高度8 cm,切口平整;科学管水,培育健壮的茎、根;全程加强预防以纹枯病和稻飞虱为主的病虫防治;头茬稻每蔸成穗6~7穗,每个穗生成2~3个再生穗;割蔸后7 d开始冷灌,持续17~18 d,至90%再生苗剑叶全展时停止冷灌;冷灌深度18~22 cm,调整水流量和冷灌时间,保持出水口日平均温度在23.5℃左右。在头茬育性敏感期创造高温株表达环境,严格剔除高温敏株和普通杂株。繁殖产量可达3t/hm~2以上。 相似文献
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认真做好杂交水稻制种田间除杂去劣工作是确保种子质量的重要环节,仔细观察对比亲本与各类杂株的特征特性,及早、从严、彻底抓好各个环节的除杂工作是保证种子质量的关键.介绍了苗期、拔节期、抽穗开花期和成熟期各类杂株的识别技术. 相似文献
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据笔者8年的试验结果,从原麻产量、质量和后代变异性以及经济性状等因素分析有性与无性两种繁殖方法的利弊,得出了“黑皮蔸品种可以实行有性繁殖”的结论。也指出了良种繁殖基地仍应实行无性繁殖和有性繁殖后代出现劣变株的克服方法。 相似文献
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杂交水稻“双两大”栽培技术,是每蔸双株寄括、两段育秧、大蔸原蔸移栽的简称。它是一种适用于杂交水稻长秧龄规范化的高产栽培技术.凡是迟插的杂交早、中、晚稻都可推广。 该项技术是原湖南省常德地区农科所、地区粮作科、慈利县农科所等单位,以骆正鑫同志为首研究成功的。他们针对70年代后期推广的杂交水稻单株两段育秧栽培方法存在着用工多、推广难的问题,在80年代初进行了“三改”试验,即改单株寄插为双株寄插,改寄秧田高密度寄为适当稀寄,改本田小蔸密植为大蔸(大行)原蔸移栽.经多点试验证明,比常规的一段育秧栽培方法每亩增产50kg左右… 相似文献
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阐述旱地宿根蔗提高单产的途径.主要包括培肥蔗地;种好管好新植蔗;适期收获上造蔗,提高斩蔗质量;选用宿根性好的品种;科学管理,做到早清园,早开垅松蔸,早补苗,早施肥管理,早防治病虫鼠害等"五早"技术措施. 相似文献
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全球甘蔗收获趋势以机械收割为主,而机械化收割甘蔗的较高含杂率严重影响了糖厂的生产.广东省湛江农垦第一机械厂根据中国糖协的要求,研制出中国第一套甘蔗预处理除杂设备,并于2013/2014年榨季在广东湛江华丰糖厂投入试用,取得良好效果,具有安全性高、处理量大、生产成本低、除杂效果好等特点.甘蔗预处理除杂设备的运用是我国糖业发展的必然趋势. 相似文献
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2003年安徽省优质高产棉花品种擂台赛小结 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为筛选出适应于安徽棉区种植的棉花品种 ,安徽省农业技术推广总站有针对性地征集了 5个棉花品种 (组合 )进行擂台赛试验 ,着重鉴定优质高产及适应性。1参试品种及试验地点参试品种为全抗杂 1号、皖杂 40 F2 ( CK)、多抗皖杂 40、SJ- 2、皖杂 5号。在沿江和淮北两大棉区的萧县、灵璧县、全椒县、东至县、望江县 5个试点品种密码编号统一方案实施 ,统一采取单因素随机区组试验设计 ,重复 3次 ,小区面积 2 0 m2 ,密度每公顷 2 .7万～ 4.2万株 ,每区 4行。施肥水平以每公顷产 1 5 0 0 kg皮棉标准施 ,常规栽培管理 ,根据棉株长势长相进行适当化… 相似文献
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Effects of timing and rate of N fertilizer application on concentrations of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in herbage from perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures were studied at two sites in south-western Victoria, Australia. Nitrogen fertilizer (0, 15, 25, 30, 45 and 60 kg ha–1 ) was applied as urea in mid-April, early May, mid-May, early June and mid-June 1996 to pastures grazed by dairy cows. At Site 1, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, K, S, Mg and Cl concentrations in herbage and a linear decrease in Ca concentration. For all times of application, concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg and Cl in herbage increased by 0·0048, 0·08, −0·010, 0·0013 and 0·053 g kg–1 dry matter (DM) per kg N applied respectively. For S concentration, maximum responses occurred in mid-May (0·012 g kg–1 DM per kg N applied). At Site 2, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, S and Na concentrations in herbage, a linear decrease in Ca concentration and a curvilinear increase in K and Cl concentration. The maximum responses for P, S and K concentrations in herbage occurred for the N application in mid-June and were 0·015, 0·008 and 0·47 g kg–1 DM per kg N applied respectively. For Cl concentration, the maximum response occurred for the N application in early June and was 0·225 g kg–1 DM per kg N applied. Overall, applications of N fertilizer up to 60 kg ha–1 did not alter herbage mineral concentration to levels that might affect pasture growth or animal health. 相似文献
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《Industrial Crops and Products》2001,13(3):229-238
Plant breeding in guayule, a rubber and latex producing plant, has not been as effective as predicted or desired. A surprisingly large amount of variability has been reported in this apomictic crop for traits such as plant height, width, resin, rubber, and latex contents. This study was designed to calculate the proportion of the total measured variability due to the environment and the proportion due to genetic influences within and between three-released germplasm lines. Plant heights were measured at 1, 2 and 3-years-of-age; plant width, and latex contents at 2 and 3-years-of-age; and resin and rubber content at 2-years-of-age. Broad-sense-heritabilities were estimated for each trait and year by dividing the genotypic by the total variance. To estimate the genetic component of the measured variance for each trait, the environment effects (variance from clonally propagated plants) were subtracted from the total variance (variance from open-pollinated (OP) seed propagated plants). In general, the variances of the means for the measured traits were lower in the clonally propagated plants compared with the apomictic OP seed propagated plants. The heritability estimates calculated for each trait differed from year to year. For instance, heritability for plant height was estimated in line AZ-2 to be 0.84 at 1 year of age; 0.47 at 2 years of age; and 0.0 at 3 years of age. These values imply that a large portion of the observed variation in this line is attributed to genetic effects in the first 2 years of growth. As the plant grows over several seasons, the environment effects compound, masking the genetic effects, making effective selection choices more difficult. Heritability for latex content for the same line was estimated to be 0.97 for the second year and 0.55 for the third year. Selections for the measured traits in this study appear to be most effective during the first and second years of growth, with effectiveness diminishing during the third year. Most selections previous to this study were performed between 3 and 5 years of growth, thus suggesting one reason for the lack of significant progress in most breeding programs. 相似文献
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氮磷钾肥对稻米铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21
采用田间试验，在四川省西昌市用两个水稻品种研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用量对稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响。结果表明，稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量均随着施氮量增加先上升后下降，滇屯502的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量都以施用90 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高；而合系39的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙的含量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用270 kg/hm2 N最高，说明供试籼型品种滇屯502对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种合系39强；磷肥明显降低了稻米中铁、铜、锰、钙的含量和产量，适量增施磷肥有利于增加稻米中镁的含量和产量；适量施用钾肥有利于提高稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰含量和产量，两供试品种铁、锌、铜、锰含量均以90 kg/hm2 K2O时最高，而钾肥明显降低了稻米中镁、钙的含量和产量。 相似文献
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晚粳稻籽粒中砷、镉、铬、镍、铅等重金属含量的品种和粒位效应 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15
选用籽粒着粒密度差异较大的密穗型品种秀水63和散穗型品种秀水11，种植于受重金属轻度污染的土壤，研究了晚粳稻籽粒中有毒重金属As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb含量的品种与粒位效应。结果表明，重金属含量的粒位间差异秀水63明显大于秀水11，As、Cd、Cr、Pb含量粒位间差异显著， Ni含量差异较小。穗上部籽粒As、Cd、Ni含量高于中部籽粒，穗下部籽粒最低，而Cr、Pb则正好相反。稻米中几种重金属含量与粒重的关系因重金属种类不同存在着差异，籽粒As、Cd、Ni含量与粒重呈正相关，而Cr和Pb含量与粒重呈负相关。秀水63和秀水11不同粒位的籽粒灌浆模式存在差异，下位粒灌浆速率较低，使粒重较上、中位粒低，导致粒重有较大的粒位差异，而这种差异也与穗部着粒密度有关，秀水63明显大于秀水11。籽粒As、Cd、Ni含量与最大灌浆速率（GRm）呈正相关，与到达最大灌浆速率时间（Tpoi）呈负相关，而Cr和Pb含量与以上两个籽粒灌浆特性参数分别呈负相关和正相关，说明籽粒As、Cd、Ni的积累与碳水化合物的积累具有相同或相近的模式，而Cr和Pb表现为不同的积累模式。 相似文献
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近年来，冬玉米产业在景洪市得到了较大的发展，通过多年的科学研究和栽培试验，已经摸索出了一套符合景洪市实际的冬玉米栽培技术。本文丛品种选育、选田整地、播种育苗、田间管理及收获等方面概述了冬玉米的高产栽培技术。 相似文献
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The content and fractionation of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined in 28 surface soil samples (0–20 cm) of agricultural topsoil from Isfahan Province in central Iran. The order of abundance of metals in the soils was Fe (1240.4 mg kg?1) > Mn (95.7 mg kg?1) > Pb (51.6 mg kg?1) > Zn (23.8 mg kg?1) > Ni (13.4 mg kg?1) > Cu (7.0 mg kg?1) > Cd (2.8 mg kg?1). Iron, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn existed in paddy soils mainly in Fe-Mn oxides (53.6 %, 65.2 %, 40.4 %, 40.8 %, 53.3 %, respectively), whereas Cu and Cd occurred essentially as residual mineral phase (41.4 %) and carbonate (36.1 %), respectively. The mobile and bioavailable fractions of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in paddy soils averaged 48.8, 20.8, 0.79, 29.2, 28.5, 41.1, and 24.8 %, respectively, which suggests that the mobility and bioavailability of the seven metals probably decline in the following order: Cd > Pb > Mn ≥ Ni > Zn > Cu ? Fe, suggesting greater contribution of anthropogenic Cd. As Cd in soil is easily accumulated by plants through the root system, the concentration of Cd in these paddy soils could be a concern to human health. 相似文献
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T. J. Fitzpatrick R. V. Akeley J. W. White W. L. Porter 《American Journal of Potato Research》1969,46(8):273-286
Analyses for secific gravity, total solids, total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, and nonprotein nitrogen are reported for 73 seedling samples grown in Maine, and for 10 selections grown in Idaho. The interactions between the various constituents, as indicated by regression analysis, are discussed. These samples indicate a potential for breeding a variety of potato with a higher than average protein content, but further work is necessary to determine the inheritance pattern. This work is in progress. 相似文献
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Botrytis cinerea, the fungal pathogen responsible for causing gray mold in tomatoes, frequently exhibits multiple fungicide resistance. In this study, the sensitivity to carbendazim (Car), diethofencarb (Die), procymidone (Prc), and pyrimethanil (Pyr) was determined for 263 isolates of B. cinerea from diseased fruit and leaves of tomato plants from 87 commercial greenhouses in Henan Province of China during 2013 and 2014. Of the isolates tested, 89%, 93%, 85%, and 86% were resistant to Car, Die, Prc, and Pyr, respectively. Twelve phenotypes were found having different sensitivity patterns, and multi-fungicide resistance was found to one, two, three or four fungicides. The percentage of multiple fungicide resistant isolates (CarRDieRPrcRPyrR) was 68%. Mycelial growth, spore production, and mycelial dry weight were not significantly different between resistant and sensitive phenotypes of the B. cinerea isolates. However, the virulence of CarSDieRPrcSPyrS isolates was higher than that of the other fungicide-resistance phenotypes. All of the carbendazim and diethofencarb resistant phenotypes carried a point mutation at codon 198 (E198A or E198K) or 200 (F200Y) in the β-tubulin gene, and all of the procymidone resistant phenotypes carried point mutations at codons 369 (Q369P) and 373 (N373S) in the Bos1 gene. These results provided important reference data for assessment of resistance risk of B. cinerea isolates from commercial tomato transplants in Henan Province, indicating the existence of a high frequency of resistance to carbendazim, diethofencarb, procymidone, and pyrimethanil revealing the necessity of a more integrated control of gray mold. 相似文献