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1.
B. Prakash S. K. Verma S. V. Rama Rao M. V. L. N. Raju S. S. Paul A. Kannan 《British poultry science》2020,61(1):26-32
ABSTRACT1. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional status of backyard chickens reared under 4 different agro-climatic conditions (tropical, humid subtropical, cool-temperate and semi-arid) of India during different seasons of the year and to compare their nutritional status with those reared under confined feeding system (CFS). In each season, 15 adult and 15 grower chickens were slaughtered for collecting content of crop and gizzard to assess the nutritional status from different agro-climatic conditions.2. The dry matter content of crop and gizzard was higher (P < 0.01) in chickens reared under backyard conditions compared to those reared under CFS.3. Higher (P < 0.01) crop and gizzard contents were recorded during winter compared to the rainy season. The proportion of grains in the crop during summer and winter season was higher compared to rainy season. Further, there were more insects present in the crop during the rainy season and winter compared to summer.4. The proportion of insects was higher in chickens reared in humid, subtropical and cool temperate regions compared to semi-arid conditions. The consumption of grasses was higher in cool-temperate regions as compared to those reared under other areas.5. Crude protein (CP), Ca, P and gross energy (GE) content of the crop were higher in chickens reared under CFS compared to those reared in backyard systems and CP in the crop contents was lower in backyard chickens reared in humid subtropical and semi-arid regions compared to other areas. Similarly, lower (P < 0.01) Ca levels were seen in crop and gizzard contents from birds reared in semi-arid Rajasthan, and P and GE were lower in tropical wet and dry Telangana (TWT) compared to the chickens reared in the backyard conditions in other regions.6. Based on the results, the nutrient intake for birds utilising the scavenging feed resource base (SFRB) in the TWT region was below the requirements of backyard chickens from the other regions selected in the present study. GE and CP were critically deficient in the SFRB of the TWT region. Therefore, evolving location-specific supplementary diets using locally available feed resources to meet nutrient requirement of backyard chickens is required for optimising production potential. 相似文献
2.
Arigbede OM Anele UY Südekum KH Hummel J Oni AO Olanite JA Isah AO 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(2):250-259
Seasonal chemical composition and ruminal organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) degradabilities were determined in four tropical multi-purpose tree species (MPTS) namely; Pterocarpus santalinoides, Grewia pubescens, Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Leucaena leucocephala. Three West African dwarf (WAD) rams fitted with permanent rumen cannula were used for the degradability trials. Foliage samples were collected four times to represent seasonal variations as follows: January--mid dry; April--late dry; July--mid rainy and October--late rainy seasons. Leaf samples were randomly collected from the trees for estimation of dry matter (DM) and chemical composition. Ruminal in sacco OM and CP degradabilities were estimated from residues in nylon bags. All samples had high CP (161-259 g/kg DM) and moderate fibre concentrations [neutral detergent fibre (without residual ash], 300-501 g/kg DM; acid detergent fibre (without residual ash), 225-409 g/kg DM and acid detergent lignin, 87-179 g/kg DM across seasons. Interaction effects of species and season on chemical composition were highly significant (p = 0.001) except for trypsin inhibitor (p = 0.614). The MPTS recorded more than 60% OM and CP degradability at 24 h, which implied that they were all highly degradable in the rumen. Their incorporation into ruminant feeding systems as dry season forage supplements is therefore recommended. 相似文献
3.
四川阿坝县不同地区与不同海拔秋季牧草营养成分分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘要：为了给四川阿坝县反刍家畜的补饲和草地的合理利用提供科学依据,采取实地采样与实验室分析相结合的方法测定了四川阿坝县麦尔玛乡三大队牧场、麦昆乡草原村、贾柯河乡四大队和贾柯河牧场秋季（9月）牧草营养成分。结果表明,阿坝县秋季牧草粗蛋白质（CP)平均含量为10.30%,粗脂肪(EE)平均含量为2.92%,粗纤维（CF）平均含量为29.24%,粗灰分(Ash)平均含量为6.86%,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)平均含量为57.21%,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)平均含量为35.47%,钙（Ca）平均含量为0.71 %、磷（P）平均含量为0.14%。不同地区秋季牧草CP、EE、CF、ADF、NDF、Ash和Ca的含量差异不显著（P>0.05）,P的含量差异显著（P<0.05）。把海拔3 400～3 800 m的采样区范围分成 3 400～3 500、3 500～3 600、3 700～3 800 m 3个层次,不同海拔牧草CP、EE、CF、ADF、NDF和Ash的含量差异不显著（P>0.05）,Ca和P的含量差异显著（P<0.05）。其营养成分适合阿坝县反刍动物的秋季放牧生产的要求,但不能以单纯放牧的形式来满足反刍动物的营养需求,需要补饲。 相似文献
4.
An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of season (dry and rainy), location (lowland and highland villages)
and breed (local and improved) on the amount and physical and chemical composition of the scavenged feed. This was done by
crop content analysis of a total of 192 Ri (local) and 192 Luongphuong (LP, improved) hens at 20 weeks of age. The mean fresh
weights of the crop contents were 16.9 and 33.3 g, for the dry and rainy seasons, respectively (p < 0.001), 24.3 and 25.9 g, for the Ri and LP breeds, respectively (p < 0.001), and 25.0 and 25.3 g, for the lowland and highland village, respectively (p > 0.05). The proportions of contents were human food leftovers 38.4% and 24.3%, grains 20.9% and 33.7%, insects and worms
9.6% and 11.2%, and green materials 8.8% and 13.8%, for the dry and rainy seasons, respectively (p < 0.05). The proportion of green materials was higher in the LP hens and highland villages, while the proportion of grains
was higher in the Ri hens and lowland village (p < 0.05). The dry matter, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), total ash (Ash), calcium (Ca), phosphorus, and metabolizable
energy (ME) contents were significantly higher for the rainy season (p < 0.01), and CP, Ash, Ca and ME were higher for the LP hens. The crude fibre content was higher in the dry season, and in
the Ri hens and highland village (p < 0.001). The total and essential amino acid concentrations were significantly higher in the rainy season, and in the LP
hens (p < 0.05), but were not different between locations (p > 0.05). Nutrient intakes from scavenging were estimated at between 20% and 30% of requirements. 相似文献
5.
本试验对3种木薯产品及玉米对照样品的主要营养成分包括粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、无氮浸出物、总淀粉、支链淀粉、直链淀粉、氨基酸、非淀粉多糖、矿物质的含量及其体外干物质和淀粉消化率、淀粉颗粒特征等指标进行了比较研究。结果表明,与玉米对照相比,木薯产品粗蛋白质和氨基酸含量较低,蛋白质品质低劣;木薯粒粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分含量均显著高于玉米（P<0.05）;木薯渣无氮浸出物含量显著低于木薯干（P<0.05）,而粗灰分和粗纤维含量均显著高于木薯干和玉米（P<0.05）;木薯干和木薯粒的总淀粉含量与玉米相当,但直链淀粉/支链淀粉比值显著低于玉米（P<0.05）,木薯渣中抗性淀粉含量显著高于其他木薯产品和玉米对照（P<0.05）,玉米淀粉粒形态为不规则多面体,而木薯淀粉粒形态似球形;木薯产品中钙、钾、铁和锰的含量均显著高于玉米（P<0.05）,而磷和锌的含量均显著低于玉米（P<0.05）;玉米中可溶性非淀粉多糖（SNSP）含量显著低于3种木薯产品,且木薯渣中SNSP含量显著高于木薯干和木薯粒（P<0.05）;木薯渣中不溶性非淀粉多糖含量显著高于木薯干和木薯粒（P<0.05）,且其不溶性半乳糖的含量显著高于其他木薯产品及玉米（P<0.05）;木薯粒干物质和淀粉消化率均显著高于木薯干、木薯渣和玉米（P<0.05）,木薯渣干物质和淀粉消化率均显著低于玉米和木薯干（P<0.05）。本研究结果对木薯产品在饲料中的应用有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
6.
WANG Zhi-jing WU Zheng-min ZHUANG Gui-feng WU Hao-hao LI Zi-cai CHEN Pu WANG Ya-yun HU Zeng-ming YIN Fu-quan 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(10):2931-2936
In order to understand the correlation between the grazing behavior of Leizhou goat and natural meadow nutrient content, the pasture behavior of Leizhou goats were tracked and recorded for 7 consecutive days, then the grass samples were collected according to the feeding conditions. The results showed that the relative feeding frequency of Pharbitis nil, Eleusine indica, Isachne globosa and Imperata cylindrica for Leizhou goats were 55.51%,28.70%, 8.13% and 1.18%,respectively.Among the determinated pastures, the contents of dry matter (DM)(P < 0.05),neutral detergent fiber (NDF)(P < 0.05) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in Imperata cylindrica were the highest; Bidens pilosa had the highest contents of crude protein (CP)(P < 0.05),calcium (Ca)(P < 0.05),phosphorus (P)(P < 0.05), crude ash (ASH) and crude fat (EE);The crude fiber (CF) content in Isachne globosa was the highest. The correlation coefficient between the content of grass CP,CF,ADF,NDF,Ca as well as P and relative feeding frequency was 0.793(P < 0.05),-0.813(P < 0.05), -0.328(P > 0.05), -0.945(P < 0.01),0.804(P < 0.05),0.735(P < 0.05),respectively. In conclusion, there were significant positive correlation between the relative feeding frequency of Leizhou goats and the cotent of CP, Ca and P in native grass, and had a significant or extremely significant negtive correlation with CF and NDF content. 相似文献
7.
为了解南方地区天然草场放牧雷州山羊牧食行为,以及天然牧草养分含量与其相对采食频度的相关性,连续7 d跟踪放牧观察记录雷州山羊牧食行为,并且根据雷州山羊采食情况采集牧草样本。试验结果表明,雷州山羊对于大花牵牛、牛筋草、柳叶箬和白茅的相对采食频度分别为55.51%、28.70%、8.13%和（P<0.05）1.18%;在测定的几种牧草中,白茅的干物质（DM）（P<0.05）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）（P<0.05）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）最高,鬼针草的粗蛋白质（CP）（P < 0.05）、钙（Ca）（P < 0.05）、磷（P）（P < 0.05）、粗灰分（Ash）和粗脂肪（EE）最高,柳叶箬的粗纤维（CF）含量最高;雷州山羊的相对采食频度与牧草CP含量的相关系数为0.793（P < 0.05）,与CF含量的相关系数为-0.813（P < 0.05）,与ADF含量的相关系数为-0.328（P > 0.05）,与NDF含量的相关系数为-0.945（P < 0.01）,与Ca含量的相关性系数为0.804（P < 0.05）,与P含量的相关系数为0.735（P < 0.05）。综上可得,雷州山羊的相对采食频度与天然草场牧草中的CP、Ca和P含量具有显著的正相关关系;与CF、NDF含量具有显著或极显著的负相关关系。 相似文献
8.
9.
Metabolizable energy and N-corrected ME (MEn) values of 12 samples of meat and bone meal (MBM) were determined using 288 barrows with an average BW of 35 +/- 3.1 kg. For each of 12 MBM samples, diets were formulated by substituting 0, 50, or 100 g/kg MBM (as-fed basis) in a basal 170 g of CP/kg corn-soybean meal diet; corn and soybean meal were adjusted at the same ratio to account for the substitution. Each diet was fed to eight barrows in individual metabolism crates in metabolism studies that used a 5-d acclimation, which was followed by a 5-d period of total, but separate, collection of feces and urine. The GE, CP, crude fat (CF), ash, Ca, and P contents of the MBM samples, per kilogram (DM basis), ranged from 3,493 to 4,732 kcal, 496.7 to 619.1 g, 91.1 to 151.2 g, 200.3 to 381.9 g, 54.3 to 145.8 g, and 25.6 to 61.7 g, respectively. For each of the 12 MBM samples, MBM intake and MBM contribution to ME and MEn increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing level of MBM in the diets. The ME and MEn content of each of the MBM samples was calculated from the slope of the regression of MBM contribution (in kilocalories) to ME and MEn intake, respectively, against quantity (in kilograms) of MBM intake. The ME and MEn of the 12 MBM samples ranged from 1,569 to 3,308 kcal/kg DM and 1,474 to 3,361 kcal/kg DM, respectively. The variation in ME was described by the regression equation: ME = 6,982 + 0.283 GE (kcal/kg) - 6.26 CP (g/kg) - 3.75 CF (g/kg) + 129.47 P (g/kg) - 54.91 Ca (g/kg) - 6.57 ash (g/kg), with an R2 of 0.612 and SD of 376. For MEn, the corresponding equation was: MEn = 3,937 + 1.089 GE (kcal/kg) - 8.74 CP (g/kg) + 3.58 CF (g/kg) + 60.89 P (g/kg) - 15.92 Ca (g/kg) - 9.57 ash (g/kg), with an R2 of 0.811 and SD of 314. Simpler regression equations describing variation in ME or MEn were 9,254 - 7.41 CP (g/kg) - 9.41 ash (g/kg), with R2 of 0.504 and SD of 278; or 12,504 - 10.71 CP (g/kg) - 13.44 ash (g/kg), with R2 of 0.723 and SD of 249. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the variations in ME and MEn of the MBM samples were not related to any of the major chemical components. The results indicated that variation in each of the chemical components of MBM alone is not the sole determinant of ME or MEn content of MBM, but that the interactions among these components influence energy use in MBM for pigs. 相似文献
10.
氮肥用量、刈割高度对饲用苎麻产量、营养品质及败蔸的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨了氮肥用量和刈割高度对“湘苎3号”(Xiangzhu-3)和“多倍体1号”(Tri-1)饲用产量、营养品质及败蔸的影响,为“湘苎3号”和“多倍体1号”作为饲用作物的开发利用提供理论支持。采用两因素随机区组设计,刈割高度设3个水平,分别是40 cm(D1)、70 cm(D2)和100 cm(D3);氮肥设置3个水平,分别是每次施氮0 kg/hm2(N1)、92 kg/hm2(N2)和138 kg/hm2(N3)。通过测定各处理饲用苎麻鲜物质产量、干物质产量、营养物质含量及败蔸率,对不同氮肥用量和刈割高度处理的苎麻饲用价值进行综合评价。结果表明,氮肥用量和刈割高度对湘苎3号和多倍体1号鲜物质产量、干物质产量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗纤维和磷含量影响显著,其中刈割高度是苎麻鲜物质产量、干物质产量和粗纤维有关参数的主要决定因子,湘苎3号粗蛋白含量主要由刈割高度决定,而多倍体1号粗蛋白含量主要由氮肥用量决定。其交互作用对湘苎3号和多倍体1号粗脂肪和粗纤维含量影响显著。在相同刈割高度下,湘苎3号和多倍体1号鲜物质产量、干物质产量、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均以N2处理最高,粗纤维含量随着氮肥用量的增加而降低。在相同氮肥用量下,湘苎3号和多倍体1号粗蛋白、钙和磷含量随刈割高度的增加而降低,生物产量和粗纤维含量随刈割高度的增加而增加。与此同时,多次刈割会引起湘苎3号和多倍体1号不同程度的败蔸。在本试验条件下,湘苎3号和多倍体1号最适合的刈割高度是70~100 cm,氮肥用量是92 kg/hm2。 相似文献
11.
Effect of lactobacillus supplementation was studied in eight Mongrel pups of about 10 weeks of age with a mean body weight of 5.2 kg divided into two equal groups, control (group C) and a probiotic supplemented group (group L). Both groups received the same feed (biscuit) which was for group L supplemented with 2 x 10(7) cfu of a Lactobacillus acidophilus strain. The feeding trial lasted 13 weeks and included a digestibility trial of six day during which feed and faeces were collected to assess intake and digestibility of nutrients. Growth was recorded as weekly live weight change and the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of stool were examined periodically to assess the effect of lactobacillus on intestinal health. The biscuits contained 89% DM, 32.6% CP, 5.8% ash and 12.7% EE with TDN, GE and ME content of 890 g, 19.6 MJ and 14.6 MJ per kg DM, respectively. The DM, OM, CP and GE digestibilities were between 76% to 79% and the EE digestibility was 93%. The CF digestibility was negligible (22%). There were no significant differences between the two groups. There was an appetite stimulation and a relatively higher DM intake (10 to 15%) which induced higher daily gain, 102 g in group L vs. 92 g in group C up to 19 weeks of age, the difference declined thereafter. The average daily gain during the whole period was 74.5 +/- 8.0 g and 81.6 +/- 6.0 g in group C and L, respectively, and the difference was statistically non-significant (P > 0.05). The stools showed similar physical properties and composition with acidic pH in both groups. Lactobacillus supplementation caused a competitive establishment in the gastrointestinal tract of pups. It can be concluded that lactobacillus supplementation shows a positive effect during active growth phase (up to 4.5 months of age), which became insignificant in the later period of life. 相似文献
12.
在海南大田国家级自然保护区围栏内采集海南坡鹿Cervus eldi hainanus主要采食的草本和灌木类饲草样本各18种,测定其粗蛋白(CP)、10种限制性氨基酸(LAAs)、粗脂肪(EE)、无氮浸出物(NEF)、粗灰分(CA)、粗纤维(CF)、钙(Ca)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)和铜(Cu)含量.结果显示,按旱季与雨季的平均值,灌木类饲草的CP,LAAs,Ca,Fe,Mn,Zn和Cu含量分别为13.43%,6.46%,0.72%,206.88,53.36,22.52和13.00 mg/kg,显著高于草本类的9.75%,3.87%,0.45%,110.70,29.66,11.03和6.75 mg/kg(P＜0.05);EE含量为3.75%,高于草本类的3.25%,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);NEF和CA含量为44.23%和15.73%,与草本类的45.39%和15.74%相近;水和CF含量为65.83%和21.70%,显著低于草本类的70.16%和24.71%(P＜0.05).研究表明,草本类饲草四大有机养分含量的总和值与灌木类相当,说明海南坡鹿通过增加对草本类饲草的采食量可以从围栏内获得充分的能量需求;灌木类饲草的蛋白质和微量元素含量显著优于草本类,虽然围栏内的可获得资源量远比草本类小,但比草本类耐旱,是坡鹿在旱季维持营养平衡供给的重要来源. 相似文献
13.
Fifty-five observations were used to determine the ME content of 8 foods containing different protein sources. The major protein sources tested included low-oligosaccharide whole soybeans; 2 low-oligosaccharide, low-phytate whole soybeans; 2 conventional soybean meals; low-ash poultry meal; low-oligosaccharide, low-phytate soybean meal; and conventional whole soybeans. The ME content of all foods ranged from 3,463 to 4,233 kcal/kg of DM. The first objective was to utilize the observed ME data and test the accuracy of the modified Atwater equation. In this study, the modified Atwater equation generally underpredicted ME compared with the observed ME (residual mean = 247 kcal/kg). The second objective was to use individual data to develop an equation, based on the chemical composition of the food, to predict the ME content of the foods. A multivariate regression analysis was used to predict ME content based on chemical composition. Five models were fitted to the data. Model 1 included CP, ether extract (EE), and crude fiber (CF). Because the foods varied in protein sources, and the ratio of total AA (TAA) to non-AA (NAA) CP ranged from 3.5:1 to 14.4:1, it was hypothesized that accounting for the proportion of TAA and NAA in CP would improve the fit of the model. Therefore, model 2 included TAA, NAA, EE, and CF. Defining CP in terms of TAA and NAA improved the r2 of the model from 0.46 to 0.79. Subsequently, models 3, 4, and 5 replaced the CF term with ADF, NDF, and hemicellulose (HEM). Model 3 included TAA, NAA, EE, and NDF. Model 4 included TAA, NAA, EE, ADF, and HEM. Model 5 included TAA, NAA, EE, and HEM. Defining dietary fiber in terms of HEM improved the r2 of model 2 from 0.79 to 0.81. Residual analysis suggested that replacing the CF term with HEM (model 5) improved the prediction of ME content. In contrast, defining fiber in terms of NDF (model 3) did not result in an improvement over model 2, whereas the ADF term (model 4) did not (P > 0.34) contribute to the overall model. Fractionating CP into TAA and NAA components further defined the chemical composition of the food. These data suggest that defining protein composition improves the accuracy of predicting the ME content of dog foods. 相似文献
14.
Mthiyane Doctor Mziwenkosi Nhlanhla Mhlanga Bhekumusa Sabelo 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(4):835-842
This study was aimed at investigating the nutritive value of marula seed cake (MSC) as an alternative protein source for broilers. In a completely randomised design involving six replicate pens of five chickens assigned to each of five treatments, body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and carcass characteristics were measured in an experiment in which 150 28-day-old broilers were fed maize-based diets containing, respectively, 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% MSC at finisher phase. The results showed MSC to be remarkably high in CP (470.0 g/kg DM) and EE (343.5 g/kg DM), with moderate CF (58.2 g/kg DM), ash (54.3 g/kg DM), Ca (1.1 g/kg DM) and P (11.0 g/kg DM). Whilst very poor in lysine, MSC was found to be rich in methionine, cyst(e)ine, arginine and glutamic acid; it also contains good levels of valine, glycine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine, phenylalanine, serine, proline and alanine. Also, it contained 85.24% oleic (OA), 9.65% palmitic and 5.11% stearic acids, with a high peroxide value and low levels of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin. BWG, FI and FCE of broiler chickens significantly decreased (P < 0.001) as the dietary level of MSC increased. Further, dietary MSC significantly decreased bird live weight at slaughter (P < 0.001), plucked weight (P < 0.001), dressed weight (P < 0.001) and weights of the liver (P < 0.001) and neck (P < 0.05). The results therefore demonstrate MSC to be a good source of CP, fat, Ca, P, amino acids (except lysine) and OA that can replace soya bean meal (SBM) in broiler diets. However, its use is currently limited by lipid peroxidation and presence of mycotoxins.
相似文献15.
淋雨和添加剂对苜蓿青贮品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究淋雨和添加剂对苜蓿(Medicago sativa)青贮品质的影响,试验设新鲜和淋雨苜蓿青贮2个因素,添加剂分别为对照、甲酸、绿汁发酵液、改良绿汁发酵液、玉米粉、绿汁发酵液+玉米粉、改良绿汁发酵液+玉米粉7个水平,共14个处理。青贮90 d后,测定各处理的pH、氨态氮、有机酸、营养成分和硝基化合物含量。结果表明:淋雨和添加剂均极显著降低苜蓿青贮饲料pH、氨态氮、乳酸和乙酸含量(P<0.01)。改良绿汁发酵液+玉米粉组的乳酸含量显著高于对照和其他处理组(P<0.05)。淋雨和添加剂显著影响苜蓿青贮饲料的干物质、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量和缓冲能值(P<0.05),添加剂对粗灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和水溶性碳水化合物含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。淋雨、添加剂及其交互作用极显著影响苜蓿青贮饲料的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量(P<0.01)。添加剂可改善淋雨苜蓿青贮的发酵品质,其中改良绿汁发酵液+玉米粉组合效果最明显。 相似文献
16.
为拓展家兔的粗饲料来源,本研究评定了由四川农业大学玉米研究所选育的大黑山薏苡(Coix lacryma-jobi cv.Daheishan)全株(晒干)对生长肉兔营养价值的影响。在分析化学组成的基础上,将24只42日龄遗传背景相同、体重相近(1 107.00±98.42)g的健康法国伊拉商品兔随机分为两组(每组12只),单笼饲养在粪尿分开的金属网笼(60cm×60cm×45cm)中,分别饲喂基础饲料(100%)和试验饲粮(85%基础饲粮+15%大黑山薏苡全株),进行体内消化试验,试验期11d(预试期7d,收集期4d)。结果显示,大黑山薏苡全株的干物质(dry matter,DM)含量为88.46%。以DM计,总能(gross energy,GE)、粗蛋白质(crude protein,CP)、粗纤维(crude fiber,CF)、中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(acid detergent lignin,ADL)、无氮浸出物(nitrogen free extract,NFE)、粗脂肪(ether extract,EE)、粗灰分(crude ash,Ash)、钙(calcium,Ca)和总磷(total phosphorus,TP)含量分别为16.94 MJ·kg~(-1)、13.46%、29.58%、62.57%、42.05%、7.01%、31.20%、1.02%、13.19%、1.21%和0.20%,精氨酸(arginine,Arg)、组氨酸(histidine,His)、异亮氨酸(isoleucine,Ile)、亮氨酸(leucine,Leu)、蛋氨酸(DL-Methionine,Met)、赖氨酸(lysine,Lys)、苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine,Phe)、苏氨酸(L-Threonine,Thr)和缬氨酸(valine,Val)含量分别为0.47%、0.15%、0.37%、0.74%、0.14%、0.41%、0.46%、0.45%和0.49%。对于生长肉兔,大黑山薏苡全株的DM、GE、CP、CF、NDF、ADF、ADL、EE、Ash、Ca和TP全肠表观消化率分别为31.67%、30.02%、60.09%、4.55%、10.26%、0.80%、29.21%、54.68%、38.17%、58.84%和6.25%,消化能(digestible energy,DE)为5.69 MJ·kg~(-1) DM;Arg、His、Ile、Leu、Met、Lys、Phe、Thr和Val全肠表观消化率分别为89.98%、87.16%、82.54%、84.31%、72.40%、83.77%、83.63%、75.81%和83.84%。综上可知,晒干大黑山薏苡全株的营养物质尤其是粗蛋白质和钙含量较高,纤维组分构成较合理,且其营养物质尤其是氨基酸在生长肉兔上的消化率较高。因此,从化学组成和营养物质消化利用角度看,大黑山薏苡全株可作为粗饲料用于家兔生产。 相似文献
17.
本试验旨在测定麦麸的猪消化能(DE)及麦麸各化学成分对DE与能量消化率(DCE)的影响,分析用麦麸化学成分建立其DE与DCE的预测方程。试验选用12头三元杂交(杜×大×长)去势公猪[初始体重为(36.6±2.9)kg],采用2个6×6拉丁方试验设计(6期,11种饲粮),应用全收粪法测定10种不同产地和批次麦麸的DE,通过分析麦麸原料中的粗蛋白质(CP)、粗纤维(CF)、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、淀粉(St)、粗脂肪、粗灰分、总能与DE及DCE之间的相关关系,筛选出最佳的预测因子并建立预测方程。结果表明:10种麦麸的平均DE为11.72 MJ/kg(干物质基础),平均DCE为61.31%,St为DE和DCE的最佳预测因子。推荐DE预测方程:DE=0.31×St+3.71(R2=0.76,RSD=0.42,P<0.01)、DE=-0.91×CF-0.71×CP+33.80(R2=0.76,RSD=0.35,P<0.01)。推荐DCE预测方程:DCE=1.70×St+22.28(R2=0.76,RSD=2.89,P<0.01),DCE=-5.02×CF-3.65×CP+182.81(R2=0.80,RSD=1.79,P<0.01)。由此可知,本试验利用麦麸原料营养成分建立的DE及DCE的预测方程相关指数较高,且由本试验结果预测的DE值比较准确。 相似文献
18.
Comparison of feed preference and digestion of three different commercial diets for cats and ferrets
Fekete SG Fodor K Proháczik A Andrásofszky E 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2005,89(3-6):199-202
Diet preference and digestibility experiments were conducted using a total of 10 cats and 10 ferrets. The composition of the three different kinds of dry cat feed was as follows (each data are given in dry matter, DM): (i) normal diet (N): 95.3% DM, 33.7% crude protein (CP), 20.4% ether extract (EE), 37.6% nitrogen-free extract (NFE); (ii) 'light diet' (L): 94.2% DM, 31.6% CP, 10.7% EE, 52.2% NFE; (iii) 'veterinary diet' (D): 94.57% DM, 38.7% CP, 9.6% EE, 47.2% NFE. During the period of the preference test, the average daily dry matter intake (calculated with the mean of the three diets: 94.7% DM) was 98.0, 15.0 and 16.7 g DM in cats and 25.0, 7.3 and 8.1 g DM in ferrets. The preference rates of the three different diets, expressed in percentage of their total consumption, were as follows: 60.4% N (54.4 g DM), 12.4% L (12.1 g DM) and 27.2% D (26.6 g DM) in cats, and 46.2% N (11.6 g DM), 29.9% L (7.5 g DM) and 23.9% D (6.0 g DM) in ferrets. This indicates that cats and ferrets have a clear preference for diets of higher fat content. In all three diets, the digestibility of CP was significantly (p < 0.05) lower (70.1 +/- 5.4 vs. 75.9 +/- 5.8) while that of EE was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (95.6 +/- 1.5 vs. 89.4 +/- 5.3) in ferrets than in cats. The average digestible/metabolizable energy (DE/ME) ratio of feeds turned to be 95.6% for cats and 90.6% for the ferrets. From the data one can conclude that the ferret cannot be used as a model animal for cats either for preference or digestibility studies. 相似文献
19.
A study on scavenging local (n = 64) and crossbred (n = 64) pullets was undertaken in the dry and rainy seasons in two villages in Burkina Faso: Korea in the arid northern Sahelian
region and Bounouna in the sub-humid south. After 4 weeks of scavenging, the birds were killed and the crop contents were
subjected to physical and chemical analysis. Cereal grains, brans, green and dry forages, insects/worms and household leftovers
were the main physical components. The proportion of cereal grains was higher in the rainy season, whereas the proportion
of bran, peanut and sand/grit was higher in the dry season (p < 0.05). The proportion of kitchen waste and millet/milo grains was higher in local than in crossbred birds, whereas the
opposite was the case for millet/milo bran (p < 0.05). Rice and local beer residues were not found in the crops of birds from Korea. Dry matter, ash, crude fibre and potassium
contents were higher in the dry season (p < 0.05), while calculated metabolizable energy content was higher in the rainy season (p < 0.05). There were no location or breed effects on chemical composition parameters (p > 0.05), except that potassium content was higher in Korea. Mean live weight at slaughter was 806 ± 22.0 g (local breed)
and 881 ± 22.0 g (crossbreds) (p < 0.05). Digestive organ weights, including contents, were higher for crossbred birds (p < 0.05). Gastrointestinal tract percentage was higher in the rainy season and in Bounouna (p < 0.05). The nutrient composition of the crop contents indicates the need for supplementation, particularly of protein, for
higher levels of production. 相似文献
20.
苜蓿品质是由苜蓿化学成分、采食率、消化率、能量值、家畜饲喂效果等组成的一个综合性状。为探索不同苜蓿品种间的品质差异,试验选取10个国内外苜蓿品种,于2017年和2018年第1茬初花期刈割取样,65 ℃烘干后测定茎叶比、干物质（DM）、粗蛋白（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、酸性洗涤木质素（ADL）、粗灰分（ASH）、粗脂肪（EE）指标。结果表明：茎叶比最低的品种是WL319HQ,DM含量较高的品种是中苜1号和康赛,CP含量较高且ADF含量较低的品种是康赛和WL319HQ,RFV、EE含量最高且NDF含量最低的品种是康赛,ADL含量最低的品种是骑士2,ASH含量最低的品种是中苜1号,将上述指标进行聚类分析,品质最好的品种是WL319HQ,其次是康赛。从相关分析中得出：CP含量与茎叶比和ADF呈极显著（P<0.01）负相关,与NDF含量呈显著（P<0.05）负相关,与EE含量呈极显著（P<0.01）正相关;NDF含量与ADF和ADL含量呈极显著（P<0.01）正相关。除DM含量和ASH含量外,其他指标之间均有一定相关性。 相似文献