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1.
为了确定杜仲高产胶优良无性系选择的指标,采用选择典型样株和随机取样的方法对杜仲果实、树皮和叶片内含胶率进行全面分析比较.研究结果表明:不同产地、不同变异类型以及不同无性系的各器官杜仲胶含量由高到低的顺序均为果实>树皮>叶片;不同变异类型果实含胶率是叶片含胶率的4.34~4.89倍;不同产地果实含胶率是叶片含胶率的3.79~5.47倍;不同无性系果实含胶率是叶片含胶率的2.98~6.75倍;杜仲果实内杜仲胶的开发利用潜力远远大于杜仲叶.果园化栽培是今后杜仲综合利用的主导栽培模式,利用杜仲果实提取杜仲胶是今后杜仲胶产业化发展的最主要途径之一,也是今后杜仲培育技术重点研究的技术领域. 相似文献
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为了弄清杜仲叶含胶特性的个体变异规律,为杜仲高产胶优良无性系的选择提供科学依据,采用选择典型样株和随机取样的方法进行测验,含胶率的测定采用杜仲胶综合提取法.研究结果表明:不同无性系叶长、叶宽、叶片厚度、叶面积、单叶质量和叶片含胶率的差异均达到了极显著水平;叶片含胶率最高为3.23%,最低仅1.55%;杜仲无性系叶片含胶率与叶长和单叶质量的相关性达到了显著水平,而与叶宽、叶片厚度、叶形指数、叶面积的相关性均未达到显著水平,这说明无性系叶片含胶率的高低在叶片的形态方面的表现并不明显;而单叶含胶量与叶长、叶宽、单叶面积、单叶质量以及叶片含胶率的正相关关系达到了极显著水平. 相似文献
3.
采用选择典型样株和随机取样的方法,对杜仲果实含胶特性的个体变异规律及其与若干宏观性状的相关性进行了系统研究。结果表明,无性系间的果长、果宽、果厚、果形指数、果实千粒质量、果皮含胶率、果实含胶率和单果含胶量都存在极显著差异。在供试的35个无性系中,果皮含胶率极显著高于对照的有14个无性系,果实含胶率极显著高于对照的有15个无性系;无性系果实含胶率和果皮含胶率与果实主要形态性状的相关性均未达到显著水平,而单果含胶量则与果长、果宽、果厚、果实千粒质量的相关性均达到了极显著水平,与果皮含胶率和果实含胶率的相关性也达到了极显著水平。 相似文献
4.
为了弄清不同变异类型杜仲皮的生长发育特点及其含胶性状的变异规律,为杜仲胶优良资源的选择和有效利用提供理论依据,进行了本试验研究.试验采用选择典型样株和随机取样的方法;含胶率的测定采用杜仲胶综合提取法.研究结果表明,不同变异类型树皮特征及含胶性状表现出不同的特点.深纵裂型的胸径生长量、树皮厚度和木栓层厚均最大,而光皮型的胸径生长量最小、树皮厚度和木栓层厚最薄;树皮含胶率以浅纵裂型最高,深纵裂型的树皮含胶率最低;树皮内杜仲胶体积质量也以深纵裂型的最高,深纵裂型杜仲胶体积质量最低. 相似文献
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以杜仲果实为研究对象,采用随机区组设计,对杜仲无性系成枝力、单枝结果数、果实含胶率和单株产果量等进行了系统分析.结果表明:不同无性系每年的单枝结果数的差异显著性都达到了极显著水平;连续2年单枝结果数及其变幅比较结果,9503、9516、9501、9532、9505、9526等无性系具有比较稳定的结果性能;不同无性系间历年单株产果量存在极显著差异;对不同无性系单株历年产果量、历年总产果量以及结果稳定性等进行综合比较,9503、9516、9532、9526等4个无性系为高产胶优良无性系.在进行杜仲高产胶优良无性系选择时,可以将连续2年单枝结果数和单株产果量的平均值作为选择指标;利用3~4年单枝结果数和单株产果量的平均值作为高产胶优良无性系早期选择的标准. 相似文献
7.
不同产地杜仲树皮含胶特性的变异规律 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
为了弄清杜仲树皮含胶特性的地理变异规律 ,为杜仲高产胶产业化基地的选择提供科学依据 ,选择我国主要杜仲产地和主要引种区共 16个产地作为研究对象。采用选择典型样株和随机取样的方法 ;含胶率的测定采用杜仲胶综合提取法 ;利用SAS软件进行统计分析。结果表明 ,不同产地 10a生杜仲胸径、树皮厚度和树皮含胶率均存在极显著差异。北方产区杜仲胸径和树皮厚度普遍高于南方产区 ;在纬度相似的地区 ,东部产区高于西部产区。杜仲皮的含胶率大体上随着纬度的增加而呈逐步减小趋势 ,南方产区杜仲皮的含胶率一般比北方产区高。海拔越高、年降雨量越大、年均气温越高、无霜期越长 ,越有利于杜仲皮内杜仲胶的形成和积累 ,树皮含胶率越高。 相似文献
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为了弄清杜仲皮含胶率的年变化、逐年变化和垂直变化的特点和规律,为杜仲皮内杜仲胶的有效利用提供科学依据,2002年,在河南省嵩县杜仲综合试验示范基地进行了杜仲皮内杜仲胶形成积累的试验.试验方法为选择典型样株法和随机取样法;杜仲皮样品采集后均进行了发汗处理;采用杜仲胶综合提取法测定含胶率.试验结果表明:杜仲树皮含胶率在一年内的变化不明显;树龄为6 a以前的树皮其含胶率随树龄的增长而提高,树龄为6 a以后的树皮其含胶率有所下降并逐步趋于稳定;同一单株杜仲树皮的含胶率和杜仲胶的密度,随其主干高度的增加总体呈上升趋势;由于杜仲皮含胶率在一年中比较稳定,因而在不同的生长季节均可以取皮利用,且以树龄为6 a的杜仲皮最为适宜;由于树皮木栓层不含杜仲胶,随着树龄增加,树皮木栓层逐步形成,树皮含胶率降低,利用率随之降低. 相似文献
10.
为了弄清不同变异类型杜仲叶片含胶特性的变异规律,同时为了给杜仲胶优良资源的选择和有效利用提供理论依据,采用选择典型样株和随机取样的方法和含胶率的测定采用杜仲胶综合提取法进行了研究.结果表明:不同变异类型杜仲叶片的形态特征和含胶性状表现出不同的特点,其中4个变异类型叶长存在显著差异,而叶宽、叶形指数、叶面积、单叶质量、叶片含胶率和单叶含胶量的差异都达到极显著水平;叶片含胶率和单叶含胶量都是浅纵裂型最高,深纵裂型最低. 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
18.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
19.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献