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1.
A rapid method was developed for concurrent screening of transgenic elements in GM canola. This method utilizes a single multiplex PCR coupled with an oligonucleotide DNA array capable of simultaneously detecting the 12 approved GM canola lines in Canada. The assay includes construct-specific elements for identification of approved lines, common elements (e.g., CaMV 35S promoter, Agrobacterium tumefaciens nos terminator, or nptII gene) for screening of approved or unapproved lines, a canola-specific endogenous gene, and endogenous genes from heterologous crops to serve as additional controls. Oligonucleotide probes were validated individually for functionality and specificity by amplification of specific transgene sequences from appropriate GM canola lines corresponding to each probe sequence, and hybridization of amplicons to the array. Each target sequence hybridized to its corresponding oligonucleotide probe and no significant cross-hybridization was observed. The limit of detection was examined for the GM lines GT73, T45, and MS8/RF3, and was determined to be 0.1%, 0.1%, and 0.5%, respectively, well within the European food and feed labeling threshold level of 0.9% for approved GM product. Practically, the method was demonstrated to be effective for the detection of GM canola in several types of animal feed, as well as in commercial canola meal.  相似文献   

2.
The aim was to determine the fate of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA fragments in the blood, tissues, and digesta of broilers. Male broiler chicks (n = 24) were allocated at 1 day old to each of four treatment diets designated T1-T4. T1 and T2 contained the near isogenic nongenetically modified (GM) maize grain, whereas T3 and T4 contained GM maize grain [cry1a(b) gene]; T1 and T3 also contained the near isogenic non-GM soybean meal, whereas T2 and T4 contained GM soybean meal (cp4epsps gene). Four days prior to slaughter at 39-42 days old, 50% of the broilers on T2-T4 had the source(s) of GM ingredients replaced by their non-GM counterparts. Detection of specific DNA sequences in feed, tissue, and digesta samples was completed by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Seven primer pairs were used to amplify fragments ( approximately 200 bp) from single copy genes (maize high mobility protein, soya lectin, and transgenes in the GM feeds) and multicopy genes (poultry mitochondrial cytochrome b, maize, and soya rubisco). There was no effect of treatment on the measured growth performance parameters. Except for a single detection of lectin (nontransgenic single copy gene; unsubstantiated) in the extracted DNA from one bursa tissue sample, there was no positive detection of any endogenous or transgenic single copy genes in either blood or tissue DNA samples. However, the multicopy rubisco gene was detected in a proportion of samples from all tissue types (23% of total across all tissues studied) and in low numbers in blood. Feed-derived DNA was found to survive complete degradation up to the large intestine. Transgenic DNA was detected in gizzard digesta but not in intestinal digesta 96 h after the last feeding of treatment diets containing a source of GM maize and/or soybean meal.  相似文献   

3.
To meet the labeling and traceability requirement of genetically modified (GM) maize and their products for trade and regulation, it is essential to develop a specific detection method for monitoring the presence of GM content. In this work, six GM maize lines, including GA21, Bt11, NK603, Bt176, Mir604, and Mon810, were simultaneously detected by universal primer-multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (UP-M-PCR), and the amplicons for the six event-specific genes as well as the endogenous Ivr gene were successfully separated by the method of capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF). The UP-M-PCR method overcame the disadvantages in conventional M-PCR, such as complex manipulation, lower sensitivity, amplification disparity resulting from different primers, etc., and in combination with CE-LIF, it obtained a high sensitivity of 0.1 ng for both single and mixed DNA samples. The established method can be widely used for the qualitative identification of the GM maize lines.  相似文献   

4.
Seven types of processed foods, namely, cornstarch, cornmeal, corn puffs, corn chips, tofu, soy milk, and boiled beans, were trial produced from 1 and 5% (w/w) genetically modified (GM) mixed raw materials. In this report, insect resistant maize (MON810) and herbicide tolerant soy (Roundup Ready soy, 40-3-2) were used as representatives of GM maize and soy, respectively. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the raw materials and the trial-produced processed food using two types of methods, i.e., the silica membrane method and the anion exchange method. The GM% values of these samples were quantified, and the significant differences between the raw materials and the trial-produced processed foods were statistically confirmed. There were some significant differences in the comparisons of all processed foods. However, our quantitative methods could be applied as a screening assay to tofu and soy milk because the differences in GM% between the trial-produced processed foods and their raw materials were lower than 13 and 23%, respectively. In addition, when quantitating with two primer pairs (SSIIb 3, 114 bp; SSIIb 4, 83 bp for maize and Le1n02, 118 bp; Le1n03, 89 bp for soy), which were targeted within the same taxon specific DNA sequence with different amplicon sizes, the ratios of the copy numbers of the two primer pairs (SSIIb 3/4 and Le1n02/03) decreased with time in a heat-treated processing model using an autoclave. In this report, we suggest that the degradation level of DNA in processed foods could be estimated from these ratios, and the probability of GM quantification could be experimentally predicted from the results of the trial producing.  相似文献   

5.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is being used increasingly to detect DNA sequences for food quality testing for GM content, microbial contamination, and ingredient content. However, food processing often results in DNA degradation and therefore may affect the suitability of PCR or even DNA sequence detection for food quality assurance. This paper describes a novel approach using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to estimate the extent of DNA degradation. With use of two maize endogenous nuclear sequences, sets of four qPCR assays were developed to amplify target sequences ranging from<100 bp to approximately 1000 bp. The maize nuclear sequences used encode chloroplastic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and cell wall invertase. The utility of the qPCR approach for quantifying the effective concentration of maize DNA that is needed to amplify variable length DNA sequences was demonstrated using samples of maize cornmeal cooked in water for variable times, extrusion products developed using different barrel temperature and torque settings, and a range of food products from supermarket shelves. Results showed that maize DNA was substantially degraded by a number of processing procedures, including cooking for 5 min or more, extrusion at high temperatures and/or high torque settings, and in most processed foods from supermarket shelves. Processing also reduced the effective concentration of DNA sequences capable of directing amplification of the <100 bp assays as well, particularly after popping of popping corn or extrusion at a combination of high temperature and torque settings. The approach for quantifying DNA degradation described in this paper may also be of use in disciplines where understanding the extent of DNA degradation is important, such as in environmental, forensic, or historical samples.  相似文献   

6.
An international CCQM-P60 pilot study involving eight national metrological institutes was organized to investigate if the quantification of genetically modified (GM) corn powder by real-time PCR was affected by the DNA extraction method applied. Four commonly used extraction methods were compared for the extraction of DNA from a GM Bt176 corn powder. The CTAB-based method yielded the highest DNA template quantity and quality. A difference in the 260 nm/230 nm absorbance ratio was observed among the different extraction methods. Real-time amplification of sequences specific for endogenous genes zein and hmg as well as transgenic sequences within the cryIA(b) gene and a fragment covering the junction between the transformed DNA and the plant genome were used to determine the GM percentage. The detection of the transgenic gene was affected by the quantity and quality of template used for the PCR reaction. The Bt176 percentages measured on diluted or purified templates were statistically different depending on the extraction method applied.  相似文献   

7.
The number of cultured hectares and commercialized genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has increased exponentially in the past 9 years. Governments in many countries have established a policy of labeling all food and feed containing or produced by GMOs. Consequently, versatile, laboratory-transferable GMO detection methods are in increasing demand. Here, we describe a qualitative PCR-based multiplex method for simultaneous detection and identification of four genetically modified maize lines: Bt11, MON810, T25, and GA21. The described system is based on the use of five primers directed to specific sequences in these insertion events. Primers were used in a single optimized multiplex PCR reaction, and sequences of the amplified fragments are reported. The assay allows amplification of the MON810 event from the 35S promoter to the hsp intron yielding a 468 bp amplicon. Amplification of the Bt11 and T25 events from the 35S promoter to the PAT gene yielded two different amplicons of 280 and 177 bp, respectively, whereas amplification of the 5' flanking region of the GA21 gave rise to an amplicon of 72 bp. These fragments are clearly distinguishable in agarose gels and have been reproduced successfully in a different laboratory. Hence, the proposed method comprises a rapid, simple, reliable, and sensitive (down to 0.05%) PCR-based assay, suitable for detection of these four GM maize lines in a single reaction.  相似文献   

8.
Since the 18th of April 2004, two new regulations, EC/1829/2003 on genetically modified food and feed products and EC/1830/2003 on traceability and labeling of GMOs, are in force in the EU. This new, comprehensive regulatory framework emphasizes the need of an adequate tracing system. Unique identifiers, such as the transgene genome junction region or a specific rearrangement within the transgene DNA, should form the basis of such a tracing system. In this study, we describe the development of event-specific tracing systems for transgenic maize lines Bt11, Bt176, and GA21 and for canola event GT73. Molecular characterization of the transgene loci enabled us to clone an event-specific sequence into a plasmid vector, to be used as a marker, and to develop line-specific primers. Primer specificity was tested through qualitative PCRs and dissociation curve analysis in SYBR Green I real-time PCRs. The primers were then combined with event-specific TaqMan probes in quantitative real-time PCRs. Calibration curves were set up both with genomic DNA samples and the newly synthesized plasmid DNA markers. It is shown that cloned plasmid GMO target sequences are perfectly suitable as unique identifiers and quantitative calibrators. Together with an event-specific primer pair and a highly specific TaqMan probe, the plasmid markers form crucial components of a unique and straighforward tracing system for Bt11, Bt176, and GA21 maize and GT73 canola events.  相似文献   

9.
目标起始密码子多态（start condon tardeted polymorphism,SCoT）分子标记结合了ISSR标记和RAPD标记的优点,具有操作简单﹑成本低廉﹑多态性丰富﹑重复性好﹑引物设计简单且通用性良好等诸多优点。本实验以石硖龙眼的新鲜叶片为试材,采用单因素试验的方法分别研究模版、引物、rTaqDNA聚合酶、dNTPs、缓冲液（Mg2＋）及退火温度共6因素各8个水平对龙眼SCoT-PCR扩增结果的影响。结果表明：龙眼SCoT标记的20μL优化反应体系为：10×BufferⅡ（含Mg2＋）2.0μL、DNA模板30ng、引物浓度为30μmol/L、rTaqD-NA聚合酶用量为0.45U、dNTP浓度为4.0mmol/L。适宜的扩增程序为：94℃预变性4min;95℃变性50s,49.5℃退火40s,72℃复性2min,36个循环;最后72℃延伸10min。利用24个龙眼品种验证该反应体系,1.5%琼脂糖电泳检测结果显示,扩增产物在400-2200bp之间,不同品种间DNA谱带具有多态性,反应体系具有良好的稳定性和可重复性。  相似文献   

10.
With the development of genetically modified organism (GMO) detection techniques, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique has been the mainstay for GMO detection, and real-time PCR is the most effective and important method for GMO quantification. An event-specific detection strategy based on the unique and specific integration junction sequences between the host plant genome DNA and the integrated gene is being developed for its high specificity. This study establishes the event-specific detection methods for TC1507 and CBH351 maizes. In addition, the event-specific TaqMan real-time PCR detection methods for another seven GM maize events (Bt11, Bt176, GA21, MON810, MON863, NK603, and T25) were systematically optimized and developed. In these PCR assays, the fluorescent quencher, TAMRA, was dyed on the T-base of the probe at the internal position to improve the intensity of the fluorescent signal. To overcome the difficulties in obtaining the certified reference materials of these GM maizes, one novel standard reference molecule containing all nine specific integration junction sequences of these GM maizes and the maize endogenous reference gene, zSSIIb, was constructed and used for quantitative analysis. The limits of detection of these methods were 20 copies for these different GM maizes, the limits of quantitation were about 20 copies, and the dynamic ranges for quantification were from 0.05 to 100% in 100 ng of DNA template. Furthermore, nine groups of the mixed maize samples of these nine GM maize events were quantitatively analyzed to evaluate the accuracy and precision. The accuracy expressed as bias varied from 0.67 to 28.00% for the nine tested groups of GM maize samples, and the precision expressed as relative standard deviations was from 0.83 to 26.20%. All of these indicated that the established event-specific real-time PCR detection systems and the reference molecule in this study are suitable for the identification and quantification of these GM maizes.  相似文献   

11.
利用102对微卫星引物对5份黑麦（Secale）、4份普通小麦（Triticum aestivum）和1份分枝小黑麦（Triticale）进行SSR分析,引物Xgwm614能在分枝小黑麦中扩增出一个387bp的特异DNA片段（记为FZ387,GenBank登录号为EF179137）,而黑麦未能扩增出。序列比对结果显示该片段与一粒小麦（T. monococcum）（AY485644）和栽培二粒小麦（T. turgidum）（AY494981）A基因组中Gypsy Ty3-LTR反转座子fatima的一部分分别有94%和95%同源性。根据序列同源性比对结果,在FZ387内部设计1对特异引物FaF和FaR。引物Xgwm614F和FaR能在含有A基因组的物种中扩增出约350bp的条带（记为A350）,而其不含A基因组的物种都未扩增出该条带。利用小麦二体和端体代换系材料对其进行定位,结果显示该片段分布在所有A染色体的长臂和断臂上。此外,引物FaF和Xgwm614R能在含有A、B或AB基因组的物种中扩增出约350bp的条带（记为AB350）,而不含AB基因组的材料未扩增出目标条带。利用这两对特异引物对小麦属近缘物种进行PCR扩增,发现只有中国春能够扩增出A350和AB350。序列比对结果和FZ387两侧SSR引物结合区的规律性变化表明该反转座子在进化上可能存在属间多样性和属内相似性。A350和AB350也可以分别作为分子标记检测A染色体和AB染色体。  相似文献   

12.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques are increasingly used for the detection of genetically modified (GM) crops in foods. In this paper, recombinant DNAs introduced into the seven lines of GM maize, such as Event 176, Bt11, T25, MON810, GA21, DLL25, and MON802, are sequenced. On the basis of the obtained sequence, 14 primer pairs for the detection of the segments, such as promoter, terminator regions, and construct genes, were designed. To confirm the specificities of the designed primer pairs, PCR was performed on genomic DNAs extracted from GM and non-GM maize, GM and non-GM soy, and other cereal crops. Because the presence of the corresponding DNA segments was specifically detected in GM crops by the designed primer pairs, it was concluded that this method is useful for fast and easy screening of GM crops including unauthorized ones.  相似文献   

13.
Qualitative and quantitative analytical methods were developed for the new event of genetically modified (GM) maize, MON863. One specific primer pair was designed for the qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The specificity and sensitivity of the designed primers were confirmed. PCR was performed on genomic DNAs extracted from MON863, other GM events, and cereal crops. Single PCR product was obtained from MON863 by the designed primer pair. Eight test samples including GM maize MON863 were prepared at 0.01 approximately 10% levels and analyzed by PCR. Limit of detection of the method was 0.01% for GM maize MON863. On the other hand, another specific primer pair and probe were also designed for quantitative method using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. As a reference molecule, a plasmid was constructed from a taxon-specific DNA sequence for maize, a universal sequence for a cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter used in most genetically modified organisms, and a construct-specific DNA sequence for the MON863 event. Six test samples of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0% of GM maize MON863 were quantitated for the validation of this method. At the 3.0% level, the bias (mean vs true value) for MON863 was 3.0%, and its relative standard deviation was 5.5%. Limit of quantitation of the method was 0.5%. These results show that the developed PCR methods can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively detect GM maize MON863.  相似文献   

14.
As more and more genetically modified (GM) crops are approved for commercialization and planting, the development of quick and on-spot methods for GM crops and their derivates is required. Herein, we established the polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis-free system for the identification of seven GM maize events (DAS-59122-7, T25, BT176, TC1507, MON810, BT11, and MON863) employing a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. The LAMP assay was performed using a set of four specific primers at 60-65 °C in less than 40 min, and the results were observed by direct visual observation. In these developed assays, the specificity targeted at each GM maize event based on the event-specific sequence was well confirmed, and the limits of detection were as low as four copies of maize haploid genomic DNA with an exception of 40 copies for MON810 assay. Furthermore, these developed assays were successfully used to test six practical samples with different GM maize events and contents (ranged from 0.0 to 2.0%). All of the results indicated that the established event-specific visual LAMP assays are more convenient, rapid, and low-cost for GM maize routine analysis.  相似文献   

15.
PCR products obtained by selective amplification of transgenic DNA derived from food samples containing Roundup Ready soybean or Bt-176 maize have been analyzed by anion-exchange HPLC. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), oligonucleotide analogues known to bind to complementary single-stranded DNA with high affinity and specificity, have been used as specific probes in order to assess the identity of the peaks observed. Two different protocols were adopted in order to obtain single-stranded DNA: amplification with an excess of one primer or digestion of one DNA strand. The single-stranded DNA was mixed with the PNA probe, and the presence of a specific sequence was revealed through detection of the corresponding PNA:DNA peak with significantly different retention time. Advantages and limits of this approach are discussed. The method was tested with reference materials and subsequently applied to commercial samples.  相似文献   

16.
本实验通过U255（5^4）均匀设计实验研究,对枇杷ISSR—PCR分子标记体系中模板DNA、dNTPs、TaqDNA聚合酶、Mg^2＋、引物5个组分的浓度进行优化。获得25μL反应体系中各成分的适宜浓度或用量分别是：模板DNA为10ng、dNTPs为0．5mmol／L、TaqDNA聚合酶为1U、Mg^2＋为2．5mmol／L,引物为0．4μmol／L。与单因素梯度优化体系相比,操作简便,简化了实验步骤,获得的实验结果可靠,从100条ISSR引物中筛选出27条扩增良好的引物,并获得了这些引物的最佳退火温度,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳获得了清晰的图谱。这一优化体系的建立为进一步利用ISSR标记技术进行枇杷种质鉴定及遗传多样性分析提供了一个标准化程序。  相似文献   

17.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have been the main technical support for the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). To date, GMO-specific PCR detection strategies have been developed basically at four different levels, such as screening-, gene-, construct-, and event-specific detection methods. Event-specific PCR detection method is the primary trend in GMO detection because of its high specificity based on the flanking sequence of exogenous integrant. GM canola, event T45, with tolerance to glufosinate ammonium is one of the commercial genetically modified (GM) canola events approved in China. In this study, the 5'-integration junction sequence between host plant DNA and the integrated gene construct of T45 canola was cloned and revealed by means of TAIL-PCR. Specific PCR primers and TaqMan probes were designed based upon the revealed sequence, and qualitative and quantitative TaqMan real-time PCR detection assays employing these primers and probe were developed. In qualitative PCR, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1% for T45 canola in 100 ng of genomic DNA. The quantitative PCR assay showed limits of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ) of 5 and 50 haploid genome copies, respectively. In addition, three mixed canola samples with known GM contents were detected employing the developed real-time PCR assay, and expected results were obtained. These results indicated that the developed event-specific PCR methods can be used for identification and quantification of T45 canola and its derivates.  相似文献   

18.
GTS40-3-2是抗草甘膦转基因大豆,为建立GTS40-3-2大豆转化体特异性PCR检测方法,本研究以GTS40-3-2标准品为实验材料,根据已公布转基因大豆GTS40-3-2基因与大豆基因组连接序列信息,利用Primer5.0软件设计了5对品系特异性引物,对每对引物进行了退火温度、特异性及扩增效率的PCR检测,结果显示,5对特异性引物均能够从GTS40-3-2中扩增出大小约279bp、238bp、470bp、490bp和257bp的预期产物,可用于特异性检测转基因大豆GTS40-3-2转化事件。以转基因大豆GTS40-3-2含量为5%、2%、1%、0.5%和0.1%的标准品进行PCR灵敏度检测,结果表明5对引物的检测灵敏度均能达到0.1%。通过荧光定量PCR对5对特异性引物的Ct值与溶解曲线比较,最后选择出RRS2引物对为转基因大豆GTS40-3-2品系特异性检测的最适引物。本文结果将为我国未来转基因生物产品成分检测提供科学合理的实验参考。  相似文献   

19.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods are very useful techniques for the detection and quantification of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food samples. These methods rely on the amplification of transgenic sequences and quantification of the transgenic DNA by comparison to an amplified reference gene. Reported here is the development of specific primers for the rapeseed (Brassica napus) BnACCg8 gene and PCR cycling conditions suitable for the use of this sequence as an endogenous reference gene in both qualitative and quantitative PCR assays. Both methods were assayed with 20 different rapeseed varieties, and identical amplification products were obtained with all of them. No amplification products were observed when DNA samples from other Brassica species, Arabidopsis thaliana, maize, and soybean were used as templates, which demonstrates that this system is specific for rapeseed. In real-time quantitative PCR analysis, the detection limit was as low as 1.25 pg of DNA, which indicates that this method is suitable for use in processed food samples which contain very low copies of target DNA.  相似文献   

20.
本研究利用改良CTAB法从珍珠黄杨叶片中提取基因组DNA作为模板,在TaqDNA聚合酶量不变的基础上,利用正交设计L9（34）对4个因素（模板DNA、Mg2＋、dNTP和引物）在3个水平上对珍珠黄杨ITS-PCR反应体系进行优化。实验结果表明,在总体积50μL的反应体系中,建立了最佳ITS-PCR扩增条件：Mg2＋浓度2.0mmol/L、引物浓度0.3μmol/L、dNTP浓度0.3mmol/L、DNA模板浓度240ng/50μL、TaqDNA聚合酶的用量1.75U/50μL和退火温度56℃,该优化体系保证了珍珠黄杨ITS-PCR产物的纯度和质量要求。珍珠黄杨ITS片段克隆测序后获得的序列长度为642bp,其系统学信息将为珍珠黄杨的起源进化提供有力的分子水平证据。  相似文献   

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