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1.
饮水高钠诱发的肉鸡腹水综合征的血液流变学特征 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
为查明高钠饮水与肉鸡腹水综合征的病因学关系，将２４０只健康ＡＡ肉鸡随机均分为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和对照３个组，从８日龄起分别饮用含Ｎａ＋为０．０６％、０．１２％和０．００％的饮水，动态对比观察各组肉鸡临床表现、血液红细胞压积（ＰＣＶ）、红细胞变形性（ＥＤ）、右心室（ＲＶ）和全心室（ＴＶ）的重量比（ＲＶ／ＴＶ）。结果表明，高钠饮水可以诱发腹水综合征；肉鸡在摄入过量Ｎａ＋时，出现肺动脉高压（ＰＨ）、ＰＣＶ增加和ＥＤ下降等血液流变学特性的改变，促进了腹水综合征的形成。 相似文献
2.
肉鸡腹水综合征是世界肉鸡业所面临的三大危害最严重的营养代谢病之一。随着肉鸡业的发展，该病的发生率有逐年上升的趋势。本文主要通过阐述肉鸡腹水综合征的危害、临床症状、发病机理、预防和减缓肉鸡腹水综合征的营养与饲养技术等，为降低实际生产中肉鸡腹水综合征的发生提供参考。 相似文献
3.
肉仔鸡腹水症是主要危害快速生长幼龄肉鸡的以浆液性过量聚积在腹腔内为特征的非传染性疾病。该病已是世界性的肉鸡饲养业的严重问题，同时由于腹水症所造成的饲养中的死亡和加工过程中降低屠宰率，造成很大的经济损失。 腹水症 (Ascites)又称高海拔症、水肿病、心衰综合征和腹坠病等，腹水是由细胞水平对氧需要一系列相互作用下产生的，属快速生长鸡易发的特异性充血性的心力衰竭症。肉鸡快速生长的品系比慢生长的品系易感腹水。此病首次于 1946年由美国报道，当时是由雏火鸡发生，目前腹水症是引起肉鸡死亡的主要原因之一，已成为肉… 相似文献
4.
随着现代农牧业发展,养殖园区如雨后春笋般不断涌出,肉鸡产业得到空前发展。但在肉鸡养殖过程中,肉鸡腹水综合征严重威胁着肉鸡养殖产业,在这里对肉鸡腹水综合征做简要阐述。（一）概述肉鸡腹水综合征是一种以腹水为主的呼吸、循环系统机能障碍综合征。又称雏鸡水肿病、肉鸡腹水征、心衰综合征,鸡高原病。 相似文献
5.
正随着现代农牧业发展,养殖园区如雨后春笋般不断涌出,肉鸡产业得到空前发展。但在肉鸡养殖过程中,肉鸡腹水综合征严重威胁着肉鸡养殖产业,在这里对肉鸡腹水综合征做简要阐述。(一)概述肉鸡腹水综合征是一种以腹水为主的呼吸、循环系统机能障碍综合征。又称雏鸡水肿病、肉鸡腹水征、心衰综合征,鸡高原病。以鸡心脏、 相似文献
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7.
肉鸡腹水综合征简称腹水征，又名“心衰竭综合征”或“高海拔病”，以腹部膨大、剖检腹腔内有大量的草黄色腹水、心脏肥大和心包积液为特征。本病主要发生于快速生长的肉仔鸡，最早发病日龄为３日龄，死亡率严重者达６０％。腹水征与猝死征、腿病被称为世界肉鸡养殖业的三大新病。一、发病原因引起腹水征的原因比较复杂，目前已确定的因素有以下几种：１．遗传因素：腹水征多发生于生长较快的品种的肉仔鸡，且公鸡较比母鸡发病率高。快速生长的肉鸡对能量和氧气的需要明显增加，使较大的红细胞在肺毛细血管内不能畅流，影响肺部血液灌注，导… 相似文献
8.
肉鸡血清肌钙蛋白T与腹水综合征的关系研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本试验建立了肉鸡血清中心源性肌钙蛋白T(Tn-T)的ELISA测定方法,用于对肉鸡腹水综合征的早期非损伤性诊断指标.结果表明,患腹水综合征肉鸡的血清Tn-T平均测定值为0.242±0.0703 ng/ml,而正常鸡的平均值为0.1 79±0.0467 ng/ml;以血清肌钙蛋白T测定值大于等于0.2 ng/ml作为判定肉鸡腹水综合征的标准,判别准确性达到78%.检测血液中肌钙蛋白T是诊断幼龄鸡早期心脏病的重要方法,可作为一种非损伤性方法用于针对肉鸡腹水综合征的育种方案中. 相似文献
9.
肉鸡腹水综合征发生率与自由基代谢的关系及中药口服液对其的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将15日龄192只艾维茵肉鸡,随机分为3组,每组64只,第1组为正常对照组(20℃);另两组均为低温组(10℃),即用低温诱发肉鸡腹水综合征,其中1组为模型组,另1组添加中药口服液为预防组。于不同时间检测腹水、心脏指数(HI)以判定肉鸡腹水综合征的建立,并检测血液GSH-Px、SOD的活性和MDA含量,研究腹水综合征自由基代谢的关系及中药口服液对其的影响。结果表明,10℃时,腹水发生率为17.19%(腹水>10ml),右心肥大(HI>0.25)的发生率为15.6%,均极显著(P<0.01)高于正常组,说明模型组肉鸡复制出腹水综合征模型,模型组GSH-Px、SOD均明显低于(P<0.01,P<0.05)对照组,而MDA含量却极显著高于(P<0.01)对照组。预防组与模型组比较结果恰恰与上相反,说明低温诱发肉鸡腹水综合征时体内产生自由基明显加快,中药口服液可降低肉鸡腹水综合征的发生率,并能增加机体的抗氧化性能,降低体内自由基含量。 相似文献
10.
陈仁桃 《上海畜牧兽医通讯》1994,(2)
肉鸡腹水综合征是一种腹腔蓄积液体的疾病,死于此病的鸡腹腔里积有约300-400毫升液体.这种液体是从严重损伤的肝脏表面渗出来的.另外,心脏肥大、肺炎引起的肺损伤、粘液囊萎缩以及全身性充血也会导致腹水综合征.1、腹水综合征与饲养管理、营养、环境条件的关系:1周龄的肉鸡得此病,4周龄以后的死亡率便急剧上升.公鸡比母鸡更容易患此病.气候寒冷时易发此病.有些品系的肉鸡对此较为敏感.据资料介绍,变换饲料能减少发病.限制饲养可以降低此病的死亡率,但饲养期延长而不经济.2、引起肉鸡腹水综合征的因素:霉菌毒素、毒脂肪、乙烷、日粮和饮水中氯化钠过量、维生素E/硒缺乏、煤焦油消毒剂、呋喃唑酮毒性、缺氧以及植物毒素等. 相似文献
11.
Effect of different non-chloride sodium sources on the performance of heat-stressed broiler chickens
Ahmad T Mushtaq T Mahr-Un-Nisa Sarwar M Hooge DM Mirza MA 《British poultry science》2006,47(3):249-256
1. One hundred and eighty 1-d-old broiler chicks were used to evaluate the effect upon broiler performance during severely hot summer months of three different sodium salts: sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), in starter and finisher diets having an identical electrolyte balance (DEB) of 250 mEq/kg. 2. The non-chloride sodium salts were added to contribute the same amount of sodium and were substituted at the expense of builder's sand in the basal diets containing common salt (NaCl) as Na and Cl source. 3. Each diet was fed to three experimental units having 15 chicks each until 42 d of age. Severe heat-stress conditions, maintained in the rearing room, were indicated by high average weekly room temperature (minimum 29.3 degrees C; maximum 38.0 degrees C). 4. Diets containing sodium salts gave better body weight gain, feed intake and feed to gain ratio than the control diet. Sodium salts also enhanced water intake as well as water to feed intake ratio. This effect was more pronounced in broilers fed NaHCO3 supplement (with NaCl in the basal diets). 5. The increased water intake resulted in lower body temperature in heat-stressed birds fed NaHCO3 supplemented diet than in birds fed other sodium salts. A lower mortality rate was noted with NaHCO3 (15.15%), Na2CO3 (13.64%) and Na2SO4 (15.15%) supplements than with the control (33.33%) treatment. 6. Better carcase and parts yield were observed in sodium supplemented broilers. Sodium salts reduced the alkalotic pH and enhanced the blood sodium content, which ultimately improved the blood electrolyte balance and overall performance of heat-stressed broilers. 7. Supplementing broiler diets with sodium salts improved the live performance of heat-stressed broilers and better productive performance was noted with NaHCO3 than other sodium supplements. 相似文献
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13.
Olkowski AA Abbott JA Classen HL 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2005,52(4):166-171
This study reports novel insight into the aetiology of pulmonary hypertension and ascites in broiler chickens. The scope of measurements was focused on anatomical and functional parameters, and blood flow patterns in leghorns (resistant to ascites), fast-growing broilers (susceptible to ascites), broilers developing ascites, and ascitic broilers evaluated in vivo using echocardiography, and further examined in the context of postmortem findings. Both, in vivo observed features and postmortem findings, showed clear differences between broilers and leghorns, and between normal and ascitic broilers. Abnormalities in the heart chamber geometry and blood flow patterns were detected upon echocardiographic examination in all ascitic broilers. Right and left atrio-ventricular (AV) valve regurgitation were common findings in ascitic broilers and some apparently normal broilers, with left AV valve insufficiency being a predominant feature with respect to degree and frequency of occurrence. Blood flow disturbances were not detected in leghorns. Left ventricular fractional shortening (functional parameter) was considerably reduced (P < 0.01) in ascitic birds (mean: 21.7 +/- 2.0 SE) in comparison with normal broilers (mean: 39.1 +/- 3.6 SE), or leghorns (mean: 43.3 +/- 2.4 SE). The presented findings indicate that pathological and functional changes in the left ventricle and atrium play a significant role in the pathogenesis of ascites in broilers. Severe dilation of the left atrium and pulmonary veins seen on postmortem examination, as well as regurgitant blood flow in the left atrium, demonstrated by Doppler study in ascitic birds, provide evidence that chronically elevated pressure in the left atrium is involved in the aetiology of pulmonary hypertension and ascites in fast-growing broilers. 相似文献
14.
A J Bezuidenhout 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1988,55(1):23-25
Although the ascites syndrome of broilers is well documented, all the authors fail to describe exactly in which of the various coelomic cavities ascitic fluid is found. Determination of the precise location of this fluid is essential if the pathogenesis of the syndrome is to be understood and explained. Post-mortem examinations were done on 100 broilers that had ascites or had died of the ascites syndrome. In all of them large quantities of fluid were found in the ventral hepatic peritoneal cavities, moderate amounts in the right dorsal hepatic peritoneal cavities and small amounts in the intestinal peritoneal and pericardial cavities. No ascitic fluid was found in the left dorsal hepatic peritoneal cavity. The amount of ascitic fluid effusing from the liver was directly proportional to the surface area of the liver in a given peritoneal cavity. 相似文献
15.
腹水综合征肉鸡氧自由基变化规律 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
利用自然病例，采取分组（对照组，轻度腹水综合征组和重度腹水综合征组）对比的方法，分别用硫代巴比妥酸法和羟胺法测定了肉鸡血清和主要组织（心脏、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏）丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性。结果表明，与对照组肉鸡比较，轻度腹水综合征组肉鸡血清和主要组织MDA含量降低（P＜0．05）或显著降低（P＜0．01），SOD活性升高（P＜0．05）或显著升高（P＜0．01）；而重度腹水综合征组肉鸡血清和主要组织MDA含量升高（P＜0．05）或显著升高（P＜0．01），SOD活性显著降低（P＜0．01）。间接证明了氧自由基和氧化损伤参与了肉鸡腹水综合征的病理过程，氧自由基产生水平与肉鸡腹水综合征病情的轻重有关。 相似文献
16.
E. Demir S. Sarica A. Sekeroglu M. A. Ozcan Y. Seker 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3):152-158
A study was conducted with male broilers to determine the effects of early and late feed restriction or feed withdrawal. In the experiment five treatments were represented by three replicate floor pens, each containing 20 broilers. The experimental procedure was a completely randomized design. The treatments were ad libitum (AL), 25% (FR-25) and 50% (FR-50) feed-restricted or 8 h (FW-8) and 16 h (FW-16) feed withdrawal regimes, respectively. FW-16 regime significantly reduced weight gain to 21 days of age compared to AL or FR-25 regimes (P<0.05). However, the overall weight gains between 9 days and 42 days of age were not significantly affected by the treatments. FW-8 and FW-16 broilers consumed significantly less feed than either AL or FR broilers between 9 and 21 days (P<0.05), however FW-8 and FW-16 broilers had similar feed intake to AL or FR-25 and FR-50 broilers between 9 and 42 days of age. Feed: gain, abdominal fat pad and heart weights, mortality, death due to ascites, and the incidence of leg disorders were unchanged by feeding regimes, although the incidence of ascites in FW-16 was significantly (P<0.05) lower than AL fed broilers. Blood constituents, such as albumin, total cholesterol, ketone bodies, glucose, chlorine, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine were also significantly affected by feeding regimes (P<0.05). 相似文献
17.
This article reviews recent nutritional approaches for counteracting the development of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS; ascites) in broiler chickens especially when they are reared at high altitudes. High altitudes impose the sustained stress of hypobaric hypoxia, which reduces the availability of atmospheric oxygen to red blood cells passing through the lungs, thereby causing systemic arterial hypoxaemia (undersaturation of haemoglobin with oxygen), pulmonary arterial hypertension and PHS/ascites in susceptible broilers. Proper nutritional strategies are needed to reduce metabolic activity and prevent the development of ascites especially when modern broilers are reared in regions where the existing altitudes limit the availability of atmospheric oxygen. This article also addresses controversies with regard to broiler nutrition in relation to PHS. For example, the catabolism of protein from feed ingredients incurs increased oxygen consumption, suggesting that feeding reduced‐protein diets to broiler chickens may result in reduced PHS incidences. However, experimental and field data indicate that feeding reduced‐protein diets to broilers subjected to hypobaric hypoxia increases the development of PHS. Controversies on the nutrition of unsaturated fat in relation to PHS are also discussed. In conclusion, hypoxia, acidosis, vasoconstriction and enhanced metabolic rate are triggers of PHS. Feeding reduced‐protein diets might promote the susceptibility of broilers to PHS by decreased dietary intake of arginine, decreased uric acid production and increased lipogenesis. Feeding high‐protein diets, dietary arginine supplementation, partial substitution of sodium bicarbonate for sodium chloride, feeding low‐fat diets and effective feed restriction programmes can be considered as nutritional approaches to prevent PHS. 相似文献
18.
Olkowski AA Rathgeber BM Sawicki G Classen HL 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2001,48(1):1-14
The present study examines ultrastructural and molecular changes in ventricular myocardium associated with ascites cases in fast-growing broilers raised at low altitude. Extensive ultrastructural lesions were seen in the left and right ventricular myocardium of broilers with fulminant heart failure and ascites. Significant changes included lesions in the myofibril contractile apparatus, altered mitochondria, marked reduction in the myofibril component, and changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture. No lesions were observed in hearts of slow growing broilers, but mild to moderate changes (predominantly in the left ventriculum) were apparent in the hearts from some clinically normal, fast-growing broilers. SDS-PAGE profiles of washed myofibrils showed several distinctly different bands in preparations from left ventricular myocardium of ascitic birds. Western blot analysis of these samples revealed several fragments of myosin heavy chain, M-protein, and titin. Based on gelatinolytic activity, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) in the cytosolic fraction of ventricular myocardium homogenates were identified as MMP-2. The relative activity of this enzyme appears to be considerably higher in preparations from broilers, particularly in the preparations from the left ventriculum of fast-growing broilers, in comparison to leghorns or slow growing broilers. The nature and distribution of the changes in the heart indicate that chronic cardiomyopathic process in the left ventricular myocardium occurs during the development of ascites. It is postulated that progressive deterioration of the left heart pump function caused by initial lesions in the left ventricular myocardium is a significant factor in the development of pulmonary hypertension and the pathogenesis of ascites in broilers raised at low altitude. 相似文献
19.
240只1日龄雄性Cobb肉仔鸡随机地分为24组,每组10只。1~16组饲喂颗粒饲料,在4~7周龄时实施低温处理(13℃),来诱导腹水综合征(AS)的发生;17~20组为饲喂颗粒饲料的常温对照组;21~24组为饲喂粉料的常温对照组。结果表明,低温诱导的AS的发病率为33.89%,死亡率为19%。低温处理可使肉仔鸡体重及血清中甲状腺素(T4)浓度明显下降(P<0.05),而使肉仔鸡心脏的相对重量和血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)浓度明显上升(P<0.05)。患AS鸡的体重明显降低(P<0.05),心脏、肺、右心室及肝的重量占活体重的百分比明显升高,血细胞压积上升。由此可知,血清T3浓度的增高是腹水症发病的诱导信号,而T3和T4浓度的下降是腹水症的发生信号。 相似文献
20.
Olkowski AA Wojnarowicz C Rathgeber BM Abbott JA Classen HL 《Research in veterinary science》2003,74(3):203-211
The present study focuses on lesions of the pericardium commonly observed in fast growing broilers. These lesions are examined in the context of electrophysiological and functional changes associated with cardiac performance and patho-physiology in broilers succumbing to acute or chronic heart failure. Typical lesions involving the pericardium in fast growing broiler chickens included: (1) excessive pericardial effusion, (2) locally extensive or focal adhesions between parietal and visceral components of the pericardium, (3) fibrous deposits on visceral pericardium, and (4) thickened pericardium. Echocardiographic evidence indicated that severe pericardial effusion and/or adhesions may have a restrictive effect on heart pump function, where both diastolic and systolic function of the heart may be affected. Electrocardiographic data showed a strong trend indicating that pericardial adhesions may be associated with ventricular arrhythmia and increased risk of sudden death in fast growing broilers. Relatively high levels of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 activity have been found in pericardial effusions from affected chickens, suggesting a possible involvement of this enzyme in the aetiology of pericardial lesions. The present results indicate that pericardial lesions may be associated with biochemical, morphological, electrophysiological, and functional changes occurring in the hearts of broilers succumbing to acute or chronic heart failure and ascites. 相似文献