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1.
近年来,家禽营养需要量的研究取得了巨大的进展,家禽生产体系也逐步完善,家禽生产成为最有效的高蛋白的生产途径。然而,随着世界经济的发展,消费者更加关注食品的卫生和安全,家禽的生产面临着新的挑战,家禽营养研究也要发生相应的改变,针对家禽营养需要的研究成果以及家禽工业界需要解决的问题, 相似文献
2.
在过去的50多年中，家禽营养取得了难以置信的研究成果。由于数学原理、线性规划和计算机的应用，家禽营养需要量的研究取得了巨大的进展，家禽生产体系也逐步完善，家禽生产成为最有效的高蛋白的生产途径。然而，随着世界经济的发展，消费者更加关注食品的卫生和安全，家禽的生产面临着新的挑战，家禽营养研究也要发生相应的改变，主要有以下几个方面： 相似文献
3.
在过去的50多年中,家禽营养取得了难以置信的研究成果。由于数学原理、线性规划和计算机的应用,家禽营养需要量的研究取得了巨大的进展,家禽生产体系也逐步完善,家禽生产成为最有效的高蛋白的生产途径。然而,随着世界经济的发展, 相似文献
4.
编者按:现代集约化的家禽生产系统限制了家禽活动,因此越来越提倡研发可替代家禽生产系统如家禽自由散养,澳大利亚家禽自由散养生产系统处于迅速增长中,2010年自由散养蛋大约占售出总蛋数的28.4%,自由散养所产的鸡肉约占售出总鸡肉量的15%,由此,自由散养生产系统对家禽生产性能、营养、免疫、疾病控制影响成为研究热点。2012年2月19～22日,澳大利亚家禽科学年会在悉尼召开,会议辟出专题探讨自由散养模式和传统生产模式下家禽生产性能、饲料营养等差异。本专题选择其中3篇文章,主要介绍自由散养可能对家禽营养免疫带来的挑战、该模式下家禽消化道的发育特点以及传统饲养模式下肠道菌群的研究及其对饲料转化率的影响。家禽是杂食性动物,在自由散养下会选择营养丰富的饲料,这种模式有助于刺激家禽采食纤维性饲料和砂砾石,纤维性饲料和砂砾石有助于家禽肌胃发育,进而提高养分利用率以及家禽肠道疾病的耐受力。经肌胃消化后的纤维成分和粉末状有利于盲肠发酵,进而提高能量和蛋白质的利用率。同时,纤维成分和粉末状也能提高自由散养家禽嗉囊中食糜滞留时间,从而提高整个消化过程的有效性。在家禽上关于自由散养对免疫系统影响的研究较少,现有的研究报道主要关于自由散养对家禽饲喂行为、采食习性以及产品质量的影响,本专题主要对自由散养模式下家禽营养免疫作一基本介绍,重点强调自由散养生产系统对营养免疫、消化道发育的影响以及肠道菌群与饲料转化率的关系,以期探讨自由散养对动物生产及福利的影响。 相似文献
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正营养因素对家禽的生长、免疫、繁殖等都有重要的影响,在实际的养殖生产中会出现许多不确定的问题影响到家禽营养的摄入,进而对家禽的健康状态和生产水平产生极大的危害。现代化的家禽养殖,家禽所需要的几乎所有的营养来源都需要人为的供给,要想让家禽获得最佳的健康状态和生产水平,就需要给家禽提供安全、合理、全面的营养,而这却不是简简单单就能解决的。正常情况下,家禽的营养需要主要包含维持、生长、繁殖三个方面的需求。所需要的营养素有蛋白质(氨 相似文献
6.
家禽的营养免疫与疾病王爱萍（青海畜牧兽医科学院，西宁，８１０００３）营养，不仅是维持家禽健康生长和良好生产力的基础，而且对于维持家禽免疫系统的正常机能，预防疾病也具有重要意义。营养学现代的研究证明：家禽维持正常的生命活动和生产性能的营养需要包括：能量... 相似文献
7.
文章探讨了家禽营养的一些热门主题,涉及管理控制、消费者反馈压力和环境保护问题,同时把家禽能量消耗,消化、健康与抗生素使用的关系认定为最重要的营养因素.家禽生产系统和遗传潜力的进化推动了家禽营养学的发展.在过去50多年,对家禽饲料原料和饲料中的营养物质已形成了非常复杂的量化系统,给家禽生产提供了非常精确的营养水平.或许只有在能量水平上,离精确描述生产用家禽营养需求仅一步之遥. 相似文献
8.
最新版美国NRC《家禽营养需要》（第九版.1994）已经问世。《家禽营养需要》是家禽研究与生产的基本工具书。目前国内的家禽营养需要标准显然已不适应目前实际需要，而新的家禽营养需要标准尚未诞生，国内众多研究人员及生产者都在实践中摸索。美国新版NRC《家禽营养需要》（第九版.1994）的出版对我国家禽行业的科研生产不能不说是一个福音。美国NRC《家禽营养需要》出版以来，每隔2──7年修订一次，其间因更名实际上已出版10次，而最新版与上版（第八版）间隔达10年，内容做了大量修改。与上版相比，其主要特点有：1．内容更为丰富。… 相似文献
9.
家禽行业日新月异的科技革新可用来预测家禽营养的发展趋势.相对来讲,全球蛋白能量原料主要依靠大豆和传统的谷物粮食来供应和平衡.通过生产相对廉价的合成必需氨基酸,提高其有效性,就可配制成饲料理想蛋白质.家禽自由采食量的调节是控制营养物质摄入水平的关键.近代家禽遗传选择与营养有关的重点性状是饲料转化效率和最大生长强度,将来可能会朝着提高家禽福利、禽肉蛋品质和稳定基因型或品系性状方向改变.持续研究营养与免疫关系,优化家禽免疫反应和对家禽生长和营养物质需要的影响,维持正常免疫力和最佳健康状况,这种生理平衡可能会受到饲料中大量抗营养因子的破坏.就家禽营养而言,未来成功的家禽生产体系需要进一步把注意力集中在“资源效益”,需不断评估替代蛋白质资源. 相似文献
10.
家禽营养研究历史悠久,随着家禽遗传潜能的不断改良,饲料原料的可利用性和饲料的制造工艺水平也取得了卓越的成效.未来的家禽营养发展方向仍将以提高生产效率为主,同时,还要着手考虑食品安全、环境保护和动物福利的因素. 相似文献
11.
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection. 相似文献
13.
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario. Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously. 相似文献
15.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
16.
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
17.
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
18.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated. Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively. 相似文献
19.
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
20.
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%). Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
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