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1.
固定化细胞发酵半纤维素水解液产木糖醇的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
固定在海藻酸钙凝胶中的热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)细胞，可有效地利用玉米芯半纤维素水解液生产木糖醇。在摇瓶条件下，采用分批发酵方式，确立了适宜的发酵工艺参数为：32℃，每升氮源含酵母粉2．2g、胰蛋白胨3．7g，发酵液初始pH值6．0，分段改变摇床转速，其中0～24h为210r／min；24～72h为140r／min，固定化细胞凝胶珠与玉米芯半纤维素水解液体积比为1：4。利用固定化细胞重复进行10批次共30d发酵，木糖醇得率平均为73．7％，达到了理论值的80％。固定化细胞密度高、抗逆性强、发酵性能稳定，水解液未经脱色与离子交换便可转化成木糖醇，显示了良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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都百凤桃树离体植株再生培养的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以从日本引进的桃树品种都百凤为试材,采用正交设计,研究了6-BA,NAA,接种芽数,活性炭对不定芽增殖与壮苗的影响,探讨了激素、培养基盐浓度、活性炭对都百凤组培苗生根的影响。结果表明,都百风桃树离体植株再生继代增殖培养基为MS＋6BA3mg／L～5mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L～0．2mg／L＋蔗糖30g／L,培养基pH值为5.9,以3芽为1个转接单位,培养温度为25℃,光照强度2000Lx,光照时间16h／d;生根培养基为1／2MS＋IBA0.2mg／L＋蔗糖20g／L＋琼脂7g／L＋活性炭0．4g／L,培养基pH值为6．0,培养温度为22℃,光照强度1600Lx,光照时间16h／d;组培苗转入生根培养基舌暗处理2d,再转到光照下培养有利于生根。 相似文献
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牛肝菌多糖脱色方法的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用粉末状活性炭作为脱色剂,研究了活性炭用量、吸附时间、脱色温度、多糖溶液pH对美味牛肝菌胞外多糖脱色效果的影响。结果得到了最佳的脱色工艺:30℃,多糖溶液pH值3.5,活性炭用量1.5%,脱色时间2h。 相似文献
5.
为了提高中国漆蜡的品质,分析了不同产地和品种的漆籽物化性能的差异,研究加氢单因素对加氢脱色后漆蜡物化性能的变化。结果表明：中国漆蜡含有不饱和脂肪酸高于日本野漆蜡。通过加氢和脱色精制的漆蜡,漆蜡熔点和硬度提高,酸值从66.4 mg/g下降到13.7 mg/g,碘值从151 mg/g下降至90 mg/g,过氧化值从31.3 mmol/kg下降至5.6 mmol/kg,白度从25上升到85,其物理性能优于日本Star Cherry牌系列白蜡.加氢漆蜡中硬脂酸的GC含量从7.38％升高至15.85％,油酸从13.66％降至4.85％,总饱和脂肪酸GC含量(C16∶0和C18∶0)大于90％,与日本Star Cherry牌系列白蜡的化学成分接近.漆蜡加氢脱色最佳条件是钯碳(5.0％)用量0.2％,反应时间2～4 h,反应温度100℃,氢气压力0.5 Mpa,搅拌速度200 r/min.选择活性炭与凹凸棒土(质量比1∶1)作为脱色剂,脱色剂加入量为漆蜡质量的0.5％,搅拌脱色30 min,温度80℃,脱色效果最好. 相似文献
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微波辐射处理竹节废料制备活性炭研究 总被引：14，自引：5，他引：14
研究了以竹节及其炭化料为原料，采用微波辐射氯化锌法和水蒸气法制备活性炭的可行性。探讨了微波功率、活化时间、活化剂浓度及水蒸气流量对活性炭性能的影响。得到了微波辐射竹节废料制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件：水蒸气法的最佳条件为微波功率700W、活化时间7min、水蒸气流量3．1mL／min。用此工艺条件制得的活性炭碘吸附值1012．2mg／g、亚甲基蓝脱色率165mL／g、得率52．3％。该工艺所需活化时间为传统方法的l／45左右，得率为传统方法的2倍左右。氯化锌法的最佳条件为微波功率350w、活化时间5min、氯化锌质量分数40％。用此工艺条件制得的活性炭碘吸附值l088．4mg／g、亚甲基蓝脱色率220mL／g、得率39．2％。该工艺所需活化时间为传统方法的l／36，产品活性炭亚甲基蓝脱色率为国家一级标准的1．83倍(GB／T 12496．10-1999)。 相似文献
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微波辐射竹节磷酸法制备活性炭的研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
研究了以竹节废料为原料，采用微波辐射磷酸法制备活性炭的可行性。探讨了微波功率、活化时间及磷酸浓度对产品活性炭各项指标的影响。得到了微波辐射磷酸法制备活性炭的最佳工艺：微波功率560W、活化时间9min、磷酸质量分数40％。用此工艺条件制得的活性炭碘吸附值889．0mg/g、亚甲基蓝脱色率178mL／g、得率31．0％。该工艺所需活化时间为传统方法的1／45，产品活性炭亚甲基蓝脱色率为国家一级品标准(GB／T 12496．10-1999)的1．48倍。本工艺方法为竹节废料的综合开发利用找到了新的途径。 相似文献
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为了再生废弃粉状活性炭,将废弃粉状活性炭、煤焦油和聚乙二醇混合搅拌,并经成型、炭化和活化制备成型颗粒活性炭。采用国家标准和氮气吸附法分析测试活性炭的碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值、焦糖脱色率、比表面积和比孔容积等,利用热重分析方法研究废弃粉状活性炭、煤焦油和聚乙二醇3种组分及其混合物的热解特征,考察聚乙二醇的用量、分子量以及活化的温度和时间对成型活性炭吸附能力与孔隙结构的影响。研究结果表明:采用粉状活性炭、煤焦油和聚乙二醇混合成型的热再生方法可以制备出糖液脱色用颗粒活性炭;聚乙二醇添加剂可以显著提高活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值和焦糖脱色率,促进中孔的形成,但聚乙二醇分子量的影响不明显;在废弃粉状活性炭与聚乙二醇4000的质量比为6∶1,粉状活性炭与煤焦油的质量比1∶1.6,活化温度和时间分别为900℃和2 h等条件下,可以制备出亚甲基蓝吸附值达205 m L/g和焦糖脱色率达到110%的糖液脱色用成型颗粒活性炭。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献