共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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为研究克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)饲料中脂肪的适宜水平以及脂肪与糖类的适宜比例,以菜籽粕、鱼粉、豆粕、面粉和糊精等为主要原料配制5种等氮(蛋白质水平约为35%)等能(消化能约为13 MJ/kg)的半纯合饲料,分别饲喂5组平均体重为(8.15±0.03)g的克氏原螯虾幼虾,每组4个重复,每个重复20尾。5种饲料的脂肪水平(%)/糖类水平(%)分别为3/36.94(A1组)、5/34.15(A2组)、7/26.98(A3组)、9/24.56(A4组)和11/21.85(A5组)。试验期为40 d。结果表明:随着饲料中脂肪与糖类比例的增加,各组的存活率先上升后下降,A1组显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),A2组显著高于A1和A5组(P<0.05)。饲料系数和摄食率各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。增重率与特定生长率A2、A3和A4组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),但A2、A3和A4组的增重率显著高于A1组(P<0.05),特定生长率显著高于A1和A5组(P<0.05)。A5组的蛋白质效率最低,显著低于A2组(P<0.05)。肌肉中水分、粗灰分和粗蛋白质含量均以A5组为最高,显著高于A2组(P<0.05),与A3和A4组差异不显著(P>0.05)。肌肉中粗脂肪、钙和磷含量各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着饲料中脂肪水平的提高,血清脂蛋白脂酶活力呈现先上升后下降的趋势,肠道中淀粉酶活力则呈现先下降后上升的趋势,极值均出现在A3组。综合以上试验结果认为,在本试验条件下,初始体重为(8.15±0.03)g的克氏原螯虾对脂肪的需求量在7%左右,饲料中脂肪与糖类的适宜比例为1.00∶3.85。 相似文献
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成纤维细胞生长因子10(FGF10)是成纤维细胞生长因子家族成员之一,在机体的肝、肠、肺等器官都有表达,FGF10能够与其受体结合发挥重要的生理功能,调节胚胎发生、血管生成、伤口修复、组织稳态等多种生物学过程,还能促进细胞增殖,并且有助于细胞分化。FGF10特异性表达于白色脂肪,可以调节脂肪细胞的发育和代谢。近年来的一些研究表明,FGF10在脂肪生成及脂肪沉积等方面发挥作用,有利于改善畜禽的肉品质性状,提高畜产品的质量。本文主要综述了FGF10基因的结构特征、生理功能以及在畜牧等方面的研究进展,为进一步研究该基因的功能及其应用于畜牧生产提供依据。 相似文献
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鹅肥肝形成相关基因的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
鹅肥肝与鲟鱼子酱、黑菌被西方人誉为世界三大美食。对于肥肝产业而言,加强对鹅遗传育种的研究,培育产肝鹅新品系有着重要的意义。作者依据肥肝形成机制,综述了近年来研究发现的影响肥肝形成的相关基因,包括主要参与脂肪合成的硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD-1)、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、肝X受体(LXRα)、脂肪酸长链延伸因子6(ELOVL-6)、固醇调节元件结合蛋-1c(SREBP-1c)、碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白(CHREBP)基因,参与脂肪转运的脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)、长链酯酰辅酶A合成酶1(ACSL1)基因,以及参与脂肪氧化的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)、胆固醇7a轻化酶(CYP7A1)基因等。 相似文献
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摄食是一种复杂的行为活动，受多种神经递质和调质的调节。5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT）是一种经典的神经递质，具有广泛的生理功能，可抑制摄食等。本文对5-HT的生物合成、在中枢神经系统的定位分布、参与摄食调节的受体及摄食调节作用的机理进行了综述。 相似文献
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促性腺激素抑制激素(GnIH)是近年在鸟类首先发现的一种神经肽,C端具有精氨酰-苯丙酰胺(RF酰胺),GnIH及其受体在脑和多种器官分布,具有抑制促性腺激素合成和分泌、刺激摄食等作用。在哺乳动物发现C端具有RF酰胺的多肽,为鸟类GnIH类似物,具有相似的作用和组织分布。本文对GnIH的发现、结构、受体、分布定位、生理功能和作用机制进行了综述。 相似文献
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畜禽脂肪性状相关基因研究进展 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
脂肪不仅是动物能量的来源 ,也是影响肉质的一个较重要的因素。研究脂肪性状是畜禽肉质育种工作的一个重要方面。本文综述了与畜禽脂肪性状密切相关的肥胖基因 (ob)、肥胖受体 (OBR)、脂肪酸结合蛋白 (FABP)、脂蛋白脂酶 (LPL)、激素敏感脂酶 (HSL)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 (PPAR)、黑素皮质素受体 (MCR)和解偶联蛋白 (UCP)等基因的研究进展。 相似文献
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研究旨在克隆中国草原红牛肝配蛋白A5（ephrin A5，EFNA5）基因，并对其进行生物信息学分析，检测EFNA5基因在中国草原红牛不同组织中表达的差异。以中国草原红牛为研究对象，根据GenBank公布的牛EFNA5基因序列（登录号：NM_001076432.1）设计引物，PCR扩增获得EFNA5基因的完整编码区（CDS）序列后进行测序验证，利用分析软件进行序列相似性比对并构建系统进化树；分析对应的氨基酸序列蛋白理化特性并预测蛋白亚细胞定位、蛋白亲/疏水性和磷酸化位点；预测蛋白二级结构并构建蛋白三级结构模型；以实时荧光定量PCR法检测EFNA5基因在中国草原红牛各组织中的相对表达量。结果显示：中国草原红牛EFNA5基因与普通牛和美洲野牛相似性最高，分别为100%和99.8%，与羊、人的相似性分别为95.6%、97.2%，与海豚、鸡、马、猕猴、小鼠和猪的相似性较低，分别为83.6%、85.8%、84.5%、84.9%、84.1%、82.8%；EFNA5基因CDS大小为687 bp，编码228个氨基酸，EFNA5基因编码蛋白的分子式为C1183H1791N315O339S13，总原子数为3 641，分子质量为26.266 ku，理论等电点为5.97，不稳定系数为49.66，总平均亲水性为-0.313。磷酸化位点预测分析发现，EFNA5蛋白共有27个磷酸化位点；亚细胞定位结果表明，EFNA5蛋白主要位于细胞质（26.1%）、分泌系统囊泡（27.1%）、细胞核（13.0%）、线粒体（13.0%）、质膜（8.7%）、内质网（4.3%）、高尔基体（4.3%）、细胞骨架（4.3%）及液泡（4.3%）中；二级结构主要由α-螺旋、β-转角、β-折叠和无规则卷曲组成，分别占18.9%、30.2%、26.4%和24.5%，与三级结构预测结果相符；EFNA5基因在中国草原红牛不同组织的相对表达量差异较大，在肾脏和胃组织中表达量较高，在肺脏组织中表达量最少。本研究结果可为进一步筛选草原红牛肉质候选基因提供参考。 相似文献
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1. The physiological and metabolic effects of a short term food restriction of broiler chickens at an early age and grown to 49 d of age were examined. 2. Fat accretion was measured by tritium dilution. Adipocyte characteristics of the fat tissue were examined by cell counting after fixation with osmium tetroxide and the metabolic effects of food restrictions were measured by closed-circuit respiration calorimetry. 3. The success of food restrictions in allowing full bodyweight recovery and producing decreases in body fat was associated with a negative energy balance and a positive nitrogen balance achieved during the restriction phase. 4. Food restrictions produced decreases in body fat possibly by causing a delay in adipocyte hyperplasia. Excess dietary energy was then lost as heat until adipocyte hyperplasia re-commenced allowing the bird to store surplus dietary energy as fat. 5. A food restriction that allows full bodyweight recovery and maximum carcase fat reduction in the broiler chicken at 49 d may not be appropriate for birds grown for longer periods. 相似文献
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M Krajcovicová-Kudlácková 《Veterinární medicína》1990,35(6):365-372
From an age of 30 days to 150 days, male rats were given ad libitum feed with a physiological content of nutrients (adequate to their age) and with different sources of fat: sunflower oil, pork lard, butter. The net protein ratio (NPR), body fat content, and the specific activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase PEPCK were determined every 15 days. For all the three fat sources, NPR had the same high values in the intensive growth period (age 45 and 60 days: increased protein demand for building the organism); lower and the same again are the NPR values at an age of 75 to 105 days. From an age of 120 days to 150 days (the end of maturation), the long-continued intake of lard and butter had an adverse effect on the availability of protein for the animals, though their food had a physiological structure and an optimum proportion of the saccharide components. The result correlates with the growth of PEPCK activity, as indicated by exploitation of protein as substrate for gluconeogenesis, not for proteosynthesis. Pork lard and butter with a 3.5 - to 5-fold prevalence of saturated fatty acids, compared with sunflower oil, implies that short-chain fatty acids were provided as effectors of gluconeogenesis and that, under the conditions of physiological intake of nutrients, substrates were also provided for mitochondrial synthesis of fatty acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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《Livestock Production Science》1986,14(4):349-364
This review article deals with the various aspects of development of adipose tissues: fat partitioning between depots, chemical composition and cellularity of the various fatty tissues.Particular attention is paid to the changes between birth and maturity of these different characteristics. Total body fat (TBF) increases from 5% empty body weight at birth to approximately 26% in adult Friesian males. Fat partitioning between depots changes greatly during growth, with an increasing proportion of omental fat (7–13% of TBF), Kidney fat (4–9% TBF) and subcutaneous fat (6–17% of TBF) while intermuscular fat decreases (41–59%). All these changes are accompanied by increases in percentage of lipids in fatty tissues and in adipose cell diameter from 45 to 135 μ m, still in Friesian bulls.The fatness of animals of different breeds may vary from 48 kg to 85 kg carcass fat, when compared at the same body weight (450 kg). In the same breed, heifers have 26 to 60% more fat than bulls, while steers are intermediate between the two. These variations are accompanied by differences in cell size and also in fat partitioning, animals with a higher rate of fattening having a higher proportion of subcutaneous fat.Nutritional control of the rate of fat deposition is also discussed. This review is based on recent results from our laboratory together with those of other authors. 相似文献
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D G Steffen M C Arakelian G Phinney L J Brown H J Mersmann 《Journal of animal science》1981,52(6):1306-1311
Young swine (28 days of age) were fed an isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet with either a high fat or a low fat content for 3 to 4 weeks. The adipose tissue lipolytic rate was higher in the group fed the high fat diet. However, there was no effect of diet on the activities of several of the enzymes controlling the lipolytic process, i.e., adenylate cyclase, phosphodiesterase and hormone-sensitive lipase. No effect of diet on the activity of lipoprotein lipase was detected. Fasting for 72 hr, but not for 24 or 48 hr, caused an increase in the lipolytic rate. There was also a decrease in cell size after a 72-hr fast (P greater than .05) such that the increased rate was not significant when the data were expressed on a cell basis. Inexplicable transient changes in adenylate cyclase activity, as well as a decrease in the activity of the low affinity phosphodiesterase (doubtful physiological significance), were detected during starvation. Starvation depressed the adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity but had no effect on the hormone-sensitive lipase activity. 相似文献