共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
A. M. Globus 《Eurasian Soil Science》2006,39(10):1116-1126
The concept of soil fertility was defined in agrophysical terms. It was shown that this concept is related to the geometric parameters of soil, and, hence, fractal geometry can be used for its characterization. The main concepts of fractal geometry were considered in this aspect. Analysis of the dependence of the aggregate density and porosity of some soils on their size and water retention curve in the pF range 2–5 showed that these functions can obey the laws of fractal geometry in the entire or specific range or not obey them at all. 相似文献
2.
C. Fallico A. M. Tarquis S. De Bartolo M. Veltri 《European Journal of Soil Science》2010,61(3):425-436
Fractal geometry was deployed to analyse water retention curves (WRC). The three models used to estimate the curves were the general pore‐solid fractal (PSF) model and two specific cases of the PSF model: the Tyler & Wheatcraft (TW) and the Rieu & Sposito (RS) models. The study was conducted on 30 undisturbed, sandy loam soil samples taken from a field and subjected to laboratory analysis. The fractal dimension, a non‐variable scale factor characterizing each water retention model proposed, was estimated by direct scaling. The method for determining the fractal dimension proposed here entails limiting the analysis to the interval between an upper and lower pressure head cut‐off on a log‐log plot, and defining the dimension itself as the straight regression line that interpolates the points in the interval with the largest coefficient of determination, R2. The scale relative to the cut‐off interval used to determine the fractal behaviour in each model used is presented. Furthermore, a second range of pressure head values was analysed to approximate the fractal dimension of the pore surface. The PSF model exhibited greater spatial variation than the TW or RS models for the parameter values typical of a sandy loam soil. An indication of the variability of the fractal dimension across the entire area studied is also provided. 相似文献
3.
Particle arrangement and internal porosity of coarse fragments affect water retention in stony soils
Caroline Andrade Pereira Rodrigo Pivoto Mulazzani Quirijn de Jong Van Lier Fabrício de Araújo Pedron Paulo Ivonir Gubiani 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(3):e13382
Information about water retention in stony soils lags behind due to methodological difficulties. We applied a new strategy to measure the water retention in soils with coarse fragments (CFs) and to get insights into the effect of CFs porosity on water retention. Water retention at zero, 10, and 150 m suction, bulk density, and the mass fraction of six particle size classes were measured in undisturbed blocks from soils with variable CFs contents, originating from three parent materials. The results showed that some soils contain porous CFs (2–250 mm) with a water holding capacity as high as the fine fraction (<2 mm). The water held in the suction range of 1–150 m in a soil with porous CFs was twice as high as in soils with non-porous CFs. Multilinear regressions revealed that both the water retention capacity at 1 m suction and in the range 1–150 m were more dependent on bulk density than on the fraction of CFs and fine particles. In the soil with porous CFs, there was no correlation between their fraction and soil water retention. These results show that the bulk water retention capacity of soils with CFs is underestimated when not considering the internal porosity of the CFs. A better understanding of the effect of the porosity of CFs on bulk soil porosity and water retention is important to propose suitable pedotransfer functions and refine physically-based hydraulic functions for stony soils. 相似文献
4.
秸秆不同还田方式对土壤结构及土壤蒸发特性的影响 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
利用团聚体分形维数、孔隙分形维数等指标,对比分析了秸秆在经过粉碎、氨化及与无机土壤改良剂混合3种措施处理后加入土壤对土壤团聚结构、土壤容重、孔隙度及低吸力段土壤水分蒸发特性的影响,结果表明;粉碎并氨化处理过的秸秆施人土壤后,能显著改善土壤团聚结构,减小土壤容重.增加土壤孔隙度;秸秆加入土壤中会导致处理低吸力段土壤孔隙分形维数变小,孔隙分布均匀性、连通性变差.导致土壤蒸发速率过快,而无机土壤改良剂(氢氧化铁)能有效改善土壤孔隙分布.抑制土壤蒸发.当其与秸秆混合施用时,对雨水保蓄利用效果更好. 相似文献
5.
生物质炭对旱作农田土壤持水特性的影响 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为确定添加生物质炭对旱作农田土壤持水特性的影响,在隆中黄土高原典型旱作农田区设置相关定位试验,对不同生物质炭输入水平的土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤水分常数及土壤水分特征曲线进行测定。结果表明,生物质炭的添加能够减小土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度。随着生物质炭输入水平的增加,土壤容重的减小及土壤孔隙度的增加幅度加大。生物质炭达到50t/hm~2时土壤结构变化最为明显,0—5,5—10,10—30cm土层中土壤容重相比对照分别减小7.01%,9.91%,16.60%,土壤毛管孔隙度分别增加19.47%,21.02%,29.94%;并且生物质炭的施入可以增加土壤饱和含水量、土壤田间持水量、土壤有效水分含量。随着生物质炭输入水平的不断加大,各水分常数呈现出上升趋势,但当生物质炭输入水平达到40t/hm~2后涨幅空间开始减小。说明生物质炭的添加能够提高旱作农田的持水性能,但输入水平达到40t/hm~2后,土壤持水性能趋于稳定。 相似文献
6.
Investigation into the fractal scaling of the structure and strength of soil aggregates 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The hierarchical nature of soil structure is examined by measuring the physical properties of a range of aggregate sizes obtained using repetitive fracture. Fractals are used to assess the change with aggregate size of the specific volume, the proportion of pre-existing cracks which link to form the aggregate failure surface, and the aggregate failure stress. The pore size distribution, evaluated using mercury porosimetry and the application of the box counting algorithm to thin sections and thick sections, is also used to obtain a fractal dimension, D. Our results show that D depends upon the measurement approach for mass fractal scaling. This finding may limit the application of fractals to predict the scaling behaviour of soil physical properties. 相似文献
7.
沙漠非饱和风沙土壤水分特征曲线预测的分形模型 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用VanGenuchten提出的土壤水分特征曲线公式,推导出了沙漠风沙非饱和土壤水分特征曲线的分形模型。通过对古尔班通古特沙漠地9种不同土壤样本利用中子水分仪和负压计实测的水分特征曲线资料反求得到相应的分形维数,分析了分形维数与土壤质地之间的关系,结果表明随着土壤质地从流动风沙土、半固定风沙土到固定风沙土的变化,其分形维数呈逐渐增大。此外,基于土壤颗粒的重量与粒径分布求出了古尔班通古特沙漠地风沙土壤粒径的分形维数。通过对土壤水分特征曲线的分形维数与土壤粒径的分形维数的对比,得知它们之间存在着良好的线性关系。根据此关系,利用易测得的土壤粒径分形维数结合所推导的分形模型,对土壤水分特征曲线进行了预测,模型的预测结果很好地吻合了实测的土壤水分特征曲线。这一结果对于实际工作中根据风沙土壤颗粒大小分布的分形维数来预测沙漠风沙土壤水分特征曲线具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
8.
不同生态修复措施下水库水源涵养区土壤粒径分布的分形特征 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
研究了桃林口水库水源涵养区不同生态修复措施下的土壤粒径分布的分形特征及其与土壤容重、有机质含量、孔隙度的相关关系.结果表明:(1)不同生态修复措施下土壤的粒径分布、分形特征不同,其分形维数在2.709 9～2.778 4之间,由大到小顺次为:荒坡封育型>荒坡造林型>疏林补植型>有林地封禁型(人工林)>缓坡梯田封育型>有林地封禁型(天然次生林)>陡坡梯田封禁型.(2)分形维数与不同粒级含量的相关性具有明显差异.分形维数与粘粒成极显著正相关,与3～0.005 mm粒径含量成负相关,与0.005～0.001 mm粒径含量成正相关,与<0.001 mm粒径含量成极显著正相关.(3)分形维数与土壤容重成显著正相关,与有机质含量成显著负相关.与非毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度成极显著负相关,而与毛管孔隙度的相关性不明显. 相似文献
9.
利用计算机断层扫描技术研究土壤改良措施下土壤孔隙 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
为探明不同土壤结构改良措施（秸秆覆盖、免耕、有机肥、保水剂）对土壤孔隙特征及分布的影响,采用计算机断层（computed tomography,CT）扫描法定量分析了土壤孔隙的数目、孔隙度及孔隙在土壤剖面上的分布特征。结果表明：不同措施均提高了土壤总孔隙数、大孔隙数及0.13～1.0 mm孔隙数,且其孔隙度也相应提高。同时孔隙成圆率也得到了改善。各处理中以有机肥和免耕处理效果较佳,其次为保水剂和秸秆覆盖,对照最低。此外,不同措施显著提高了土壤的田间持水量和＞0.25 mm 水稳性团聚体含量,降低了土壤容重,且各处理中,仍以有机肥和免耕处理效果最佳,其田间持水量分别较对照提高了15.9%和16.4%,而土壤容重较对照降低了6.8%和8.8%。相关分析表明：田间持水量、容重和＞0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量与土壤总孔隙度和大孔隙度呈显著或极显著正相关;而土壤容重对于总孔隙度和大孔隙度及孔隙成圆率呈显著负相关。 相似文献
10.
By examining the symmetry between the distributions of particle‐size (PSD) and pore‐size (POD) in a soil, as hypothesized by early pore‐solid fractal (PSF) models, we found significant discrepancies in fractal dimensions between the PSD and the water retention curve (WRC) of a soil. Therefore, we developed an asymmetry‐based PSF model to estimate better the WRC directly from the PSD data of a soil. To do so, we adopted the concept of a microscopic arrangement of different‐sized particles to address such asymmetry, and evaluated the performance of the modified PSF model on five soil textural classes (coarse‐, moderately coarse‐, medium‐, moderately fine‐ and fine‐textured soils) using experimental PSD and WRC data from the UNSODA database (159 undisturbed soils for model calibration and 70 undisturbed soils for model validation). The fit of the symmetry‐based PSF model to the calibration dataset showed that the fractal dimension of the WRC (Dp) was slightly larger than that of cumulative mass distribution of particles (Ds) for most soils. The asymmetry‐based PSF model performed better than the symmetry‐based PSF model. In addition, the asymmetry‐based PSF model reduced the tendency to under estimate soil water content for a given matric head and the performance of the asymmetry‐based model was consistent irrespective of soil texture, indicating that the adoption of asymmetry between the PSD and the POD was adequate in predicting the WRC of a porous, particulate system such as soil. 相似文献
11.
Chao Ye Zhonglu Guo Chongfa Cai Junguang Wang Jia Deng 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(1):210-219
Purpose
Soil aggregate mechanical characteristics can significantly affect soil strength and are important soil properties to predict soil erodibility. However, in most research, the aggregate mechanical strength is always measured under air-dried condition, and limited information is available about the mechanical strength of aggregates and soil blocks with different water contents. This study evaluated the effects of water content, bulk density, and aggregate size on mechanical properties of soil blocks and aggregates.Materials and methods
Shear strength (τ) parameters (φ and c) of soil blocks in different states (undisturbed and remoulded) and tensile strength (TS) of aggregates were determined in the laboratory on two soils derived from Quaternary red clay (Q) and shale (S) with variations in water content, bulk density, and aggregate size.Results and discussion
The results indicated that the φ values were higher in drier and denser soil and showed no obvious variation with varying aggregate size. The c values increased first and then decreased with increasing water content and decreasing aggregate size and increased with increasing bulk density. The water content corresponding to the rapid decrease of the c value appeared to be related to soil properties. Tensile strength increased with decreasing water content in all sizes of aggregates. It decreased with increasing aggregate size at a relative low water content (3.2–7.3 %), but increased with increasing aggregate size at a relative high water content (10.6–14.8 %). The effect of soil moisture on soil strength varied with soil states. Thus, water content, bulk density, and aggregate size have significant effects on the mechanical properties of the soil blocks and aggregates.Conclusions
The result from this research may contribute to a better understanding of the soil erosion resistance of Aquults from the perspective of soil mechanics.12.
渭北旱塬管理措施对冬小麦地土壤剖面物理性状的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
【目的】研究黄土高原旱作农业区不同施肥覆盖措施对冬小麦地0—40 cm土壤剖面物理性质的影响,可为保持良好的土壤物理性状,探求适合渭北旱塬可持续的田间管理措施提供参考。【方法】基于设在渭北旱塬15年的田间定位试验,选取NP (N 150 kg/hm^2+P 75 kg/hm^2)、NPK (NP+K 30 kg/hm^2)、NPB (NP+biochar 14.0t/hm^2)、NPFFT (NP配合地膜夏闲期覆盖)、NPFGT (NP配合地膜生育期覆盖)和NPFWT (NP配合地膜全年覆盖)共6个处理。于2017年冬小麦收获期采集剖面土样,对0—10 cm、10—20 cm、20—30 cm和30—40 cm土层土壤含水量、土壤容重、饱和导水率和水稳定性团聚体等相关土壤物理性质进行测定与分析。【结果】与NP相比,NPK处理降低了收获期0—20 cm土壤容重,增加了耕层土壤总孔隙度和0—40 cm土层> 2 mm水稳定性团聚体含量,0—10 cm土层> 2 mm水稳定性团聚体含量显著提高了1.3倍(P <0.05);NPB处理,收获期耕层土壤容重降低,土壤总孔隙度增加,表层土壤饱和导水率显著降低27.9%,剖面土壤含水量和> 2 mm水稳定性团聚体含量均增加,且表层> 2 mm水稳定性团聚体含量显著提高了1.0倍;NPFFT处理收获期剖面土壤含水量降低,耕层土壤容重增加,总孔隙度降低;NPFGT处理收获期耕层土壤容重和剖面土壤含水量均增加,耕层总孔隙度降低,剖面土壤饱和导水率降低,尤其表层显著降低60.2%;NPFWT处理收获期耕层土壤容重增加,总孔隙度降低,表层土壤饱和导水率降低,但10—40 cm土壤饱和导水率平均提高57.5%,剖面土壤含水量、> 2 mm水稳定性团聚体含量、平均重量直径和几何平均直径均增加。受当地传统耕作深度的影响,不同施肥覆盖措施对土壤容重、饱和导水率和孔隙度的影响主要集中在0—20 cm土层,对20—40 cm土层影响较小。【结论】在氮磷肥配施的基础上,增施钾肥、生物炭和地膜全年覆盖均有利于改善试验农田土壤物理性质,但从经济投入和对土壤物理性状改良程度方面考虑,增施钾肥和地膜全年覆盖这两种处理是保持渭北旱塬良好土壤剖面物理性质的有效措施。 相似文献
13.
三峡库区碎石含量对紫色土容重和孔隙特征的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
土壤容重和孔隙分布特征是土壤重要的基本物理性质,但有关含碎石土壤的物理性质以及碎石含量对土壤结构影响的研究尚不多见。三峡库区紫色土中存在大量的碎石,为了深刻了解和评价土壤中碎石对容重与大孔隙形成的可能作用,通过野外调查、典型土样采集和室内分析实验,探讨了三峡库区典型土地利用类型下土壤中的碎石体积含量以及不同粒径碎石的基本物理性质及其对土壤容重和孔隙特征的影响。结果表明:土壤中碎石的孔隙度和饱和含水率随着碎石粒径的减小而增大,小碎石本身具有一定的持水、供水性能;碎石含量对土壤的总容重、细土容重有显著影响,随着碎石含量的增加,土壤的总容重逐渐增加,而细土容重与碎石含量呈线性负相关关系,土壤中碎石的存在有利于改善土壤的结构;土壤孔隙分布特征与碎石含量密切相关,随着碎石含量的提高,土壤总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度呈减少趋势,而非毛管孔隙度即大孔隙呈增加趋势,碎石的存在有利于改善土壤的透水性能。本研究为山区农用地灌溉与水分管理提供了科学依据。 相似文献
14.
This study deals with the change and evaluation of hydrological properties of peat soils (Histosols) in the course of soil development. Ash content, volumetric water content, and dry bulk density, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention function, and wetting properties were measured for 84 fen sites in 19 fen regions of North‐Eastern Germany. Soil development resulted in porosity decrease. On the contrary, the macropore space and the capillary rise increased. With the start of consolidation processes and the development of segregation structure, a'noticeable reduction of the macropores and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity were observed. In course of soil development and decreasing of aggregate size, these processes reversed. Both parameters increased from segregation structure horizon to earthyfied fen and weak moorshyfied fen horizon, until they partly exceeded the starting values of pedogenetic almost unchanged fen in strongly moorshyfied stadium. Differences in wetting properties of peat could not be explained by the changes of peat properties in the course of soil development. 相似文献
15.
红壤丘陵区不同植被类型土壤颗粒分形与水分物理特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为探明红壤丘陵区不同植被对土壤分形结构及水分物理特征的改良作用与机制,运用土壤分形学和水文物理学原理与方法,以南方红壤丘陵区福建省长汀县为例,研究经济林、针阔混交林、乔灌混交林及针叶林4种植被类型土壤颗粒组成、分形维数、水分物理参数及其相关性。结果表明:1)红壤丘陵区不同植被类型土壤中以粗砂粒质量含量最高,细砂粒和石砾质量含量次之,粉黏粒质量含量较低,与裸地相比,不同植被类型具有显著提高土壤细砂砾和粉黏粒质量含量的作用,并且混交林作用程度高于纯林;2)红壤丘陵区不同植被类型具有降低土壤密度、增加土壤孔隙度的功能,针阔混交林、乔灌混交林、针叶林、经济林土壤的饱和蓄水量分别是裸地的1.20、1.16、1.14和1.10倍,表土层(0～20 cm)贮水能力好于表下土层(20～40 cm);3)土壤颗粒分形维数与土壤粉黏粒、总孔隙度、饱和蓄水量、孔隙比呈极显著正相关,与石砾质量含量、土壤密度呈极显著负相关,红壤丘陵区4种植被类型土壤均为不均匀性良好的土壤,以混交林土壤粒径分布结构较好,尤其是以针阔混交林的最好,其次是纯林的,针叶林好于经济林,表土层(0～20 cm)大于20～40 cm土层。 相似文献
16.
冻融循环对风沙土物理性质及抗冲性的影响试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为揭示冻融循环对土壤物理性质及抗冲性的影响,以内蒙古坡耕地风沙土为研究对象,控制冻融循环次数(0~10次)和土壤质量含水量(6%,9%,12%)2个因素,在室内模拟野外冻融循环和径流冲刷过程,定量分析冻融循环对土壤含水量、容重、孔隙度及土壤抗冲性的影响规律。结果表明:(1)土壤含水量随冻融循环次数增加呈缓慢增加的趋势,增加幅度为0.51%~0.87%,且高含水量土壤增幅比低含水量土壤大;(2)随冻融循环次数的增加,土壤容重和孔隙度分别呈缓慢减小和增大趋势,且变化幅度逐渐降低,最后达到基本稳定的状态,达稳定状态后的土壤容重比未冻融土壤小(0.05±0.01)g/cm~3;(3)当冻融循环次数相同时,高含水量(12%)的土壤容重比低含水量(6%)小,而孔隙度和土壤抗冲性的降低幅度与之相反;(4)冻融循环次数对风沙土抗冲系数具有显著影响,试验土样抗冲性随冻融循环次数的增加呈显著降低趋势,但是第6次冻融循环后,试验土样的含水量、容重、孔隙度及抗冲性的变化均逐渐趋于稳定。研究结果可为季节性冻融区土壤侵蚀机理研究提供参考。 相似文献
17.
Klaudia Oleschko 《Soil & Tillage Research》1999,52(3-4):247-257
Self-similar fractals are useful models of the soil solid and pore sets along lines, across areas and inside volumes. The scaling properties of these sets, analysed by the divider method within the known scale range over which the fractal extends, were described by three parameters, the solid (Ds) and pore (Dp) linear box or capacity empirical fractal dimensions, and the total number of rulers that covered the line (Nt). The empirical fractal model for soil porosity was developed and compared with the more commonly used theoretical one, and the Unified Fractal Model (UFM) for soil porosity was proposed. This model extracts the soil linear (NL), areal (AP) and volumetric (VP) porosity from the solid and pore distributions along the lines. The accuracy of the empirical model was tested for NL, AP and VP, within the scale range from 0.008 to 3 mm, by using the real macro and micromorphological images of soils and sediments with contrasting genesis, available from field experiments and published by other researchers. It was shown that the proposed model offers a rapid and statistically coherent solution to porosity estimation. The UFM for soil porosity was derived starting from the theoretical and empirical ones. The UFM is useful to solve the relationship between NL, AP and VP, and to estimate the alternative space filling ability of solid and pore sets along a line, across an area and inside a volume. 相似文献
18.
湖南紫鹊界梯田区森林土壤涵养水源功能初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对湖南紫鹊界梯田区森林土壤物理性质与土壤持水量、枯落物持水率、土壤水分入渗进行分析,初步探讨了紫鹊界梯田区森林土壤水源涵养功能,为研究森林生态功能提供科学依据,为梯田的可持续发展服务。结果表明:(1)各土层土壤容重、孔隙度、通气孔隙度与土壤持水量、入渗速率均大于荒坡土壤,且通过方差分析可知其差异明显;(2)该区森林土壤涵养水源指标与物理性指标存在一定相关性。土壤持水量与土壤容重、孔隙度、通气孔隙度关系密切,疏松、结构良好、孔隙多、通气良好的土壤持水量高。枯落物的持水率表面上与土壤物理性质关系不大,但土壤容重、孔隙度等通过影响土壤团聚体结构、林下微环境和枯落物的分解状况,进而影响枯落物蓄水性能。土壤的渗透性能受林地土壤物理性质影响较大,主要表现是土壤容重和孔隙度,林地土壤孔隙度大,土壤结构良好,质地疏松,入渗速率高。 相似文献
19.
A. R. Russell 《European Journal of Soil Science》2010,61(3):412-424
A soil with double porosity is modelled as a collection of aggregated particles, in which a single aggregate is made up of discrete particles bonded together. Separate fractal distributions for pore sizes around and within aggregates are defined. The particle size distribution of the double porosity soil is also modelled using a fractal distribution, which may have a fractal dimension very different to those defining the pore sizes. The surface areas of the particles and the pores within the aggregates are assumed to be equal, enabling an expression linking two fractal dimensions to be defined. It is necessary to introduce ratios between maximum and minimum particle and pore sizes into the expression. A theoretical soil‐water characteristic curve is then derived for a double porosity soil. The curve, and the underlying assumptions regarding the distributions of pore and particle sizes, showed good agreement with experimental data for a range of soils having double porosity. A discontinuity is observed in the soil‐water characteristic curve at a second air entry value related to the maximum pore size within the aggregates, a feature also observed in experimentally obtained soil‐water characteristic curves for double porosity soils. 相似文献
20.
刚察县不同植被类型的土壤水分特征研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对土壤的物理性质和水分特征曲线的测定,分析了刚察县4种植被类型土壤的持水性能和供水性能。结果表明,不同植被类型土壤水分特征曲线与Van Genuchten模型非常符合,R2值都高达0.99以上,说明用Van Genuchten模型描述不同类型土壤水分数量和能量之间的关系是比较准确的。不同植被类型土壤的物理性黏粒含量为:油菜地>高草地>草灌地,土壤容重为:高草地>草灌地>油菜地,而总孔隙度为:油菜地>草灌地>高草地,表明油菜地土壤水分物理性质明显优于草灌地和高草地。土壤持水能力随着土壤吸力的增加而呈现先急剧递减后变化平缓的趋势,不同植被类型土壤持水能力为:高草地>草灌地>油菜地。通过改善土壤结构,增加土壤密度和降低土壤总孔隙度等改善土壤物理性质的措施能对其持水性能产生积极作用。土壤供水能力随着土壤吸力的增加而递减,低吸力段高草地和稠密草灌地的土壤供水性能均优于油菜地和稀疏草灌地,而高吸力段油菜地和稠密草灌地的土壤供水性能优于高草地和稀疏草灌地,表明高草地和稀疏草灌地植被极易受到干旱的威胁。 相似文献