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1.
New-born calves, artificially fed colostrum or native colostral whey, either dried or preserved by another method, had good health and good weight gains (between 0.05 and 0.60 kg). No greater differences were observed between the groups of calves given three times the colostrum of their mothers, calves given mixed colostrum, and calves fed colostral whey powder. In all groups only individual differences in IgG content in the blood serum were observed after 48 hours from birth. Hypogammaglobulinaemia occurred in individual cases both in calves given small amounts of colostrum or colostral whey and in calves given sufficient quantities. The time that had elapsed from birth to the first drinking did not exert any greater influence upon the IgG level in the blood; the decisive factor was the amount of colostrum taken in by the calf in the first dose. The rate of the absorption of IgG1, IgG2, IgA, and IgM from colostrum and the concentration of the immunoglobulins in the serum depended on the quantity of colostrum in the first dose and were not influenced to any greater degree by the amount of colostrum given to the calves in further doses. The amount of IgG in the blood serum of calves corresponded approximately to the level of colostral antibodies to the virus PI-3. The antibodies to the virus PI-3 and small quantities of IgG were observed also in the serum to new-born calves before drinking colostrum.  相似文献   

2.
The effect of postnatal acid-base status on the absorption of colostral immunoglobulins by calves was examined in 2 field studies. In study 1, blood pH at 2 and 4 hours after birth was related to serum IgG1 concentration 12 hours after colostrum feeding (P less than 0.05). Decreased IgG1 absorption from colostrum was associated with respiratory, rather than metabolic, acidosis, because blood PCO2 at 2 and 4 hours after birth was negatively related to IgG1 absorption (P less than 0.05), whereas serum bicarbonate concentration was not significantly related to IgG1 absorption. Acidosis was frequently observed in the 30 calves of study 1. At birth, all calves had venous PCO2 value greater than or equal to 60 mm of Hg, 20 of the calves had blood pH less than 7.20, and 8 of the calves had blood bicarbonate concentration less than 24 mEq/L. Blood pH values were considerably improved by 4 hours after birth; only 7 calves had blood pH values less than 7.20. Calves lacking risk factors for acidosis were examined in study 2, and blood pH values at 4 hours after birth ranged from 7.25 to 7.39. Blood pH was unrelated to IgG1 absorption in the calves of study 2. However, blood PCO2 was again found to be negatively related to colostral IgG1 absorption (P less than 0.005). Results indicate that postnatal respiratory acidosis in calves can adversely affect colostral immunoglobulin absorption, despite adequate colostrum intake early in the absorptive period.  相似文献   

3.
Total serum protein levels, serum protein fraction levels, and specific serum immunoglobulin class or subclass levels were measured in colostrum-fed (CF) and colostrum-deprived (CD) calves during the first 144 hours after birth. Total serum protein values increased at 24 hours in the CF group and then decreased slightly at 144 hours. The increase in total serum protei5) in beta1-, beta2-, and gamma-globulins. The beta2- and gamma-globulin levels decreased by 144 hours, while the serum level of beta1-globulin continued to increase. The CD calves exhibited a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in total serum protein at 24 hours, folhours, the level of beta1-globulin inlowed by a significant increase (P less than 0.05) at 144 hours. At 24 hours, the level of beta1-globulin decreased slightly, and the level of beta2- and gamma-globulins increased slightly. At 144 creased, and the level of gamma-globulin decreased. The beta2-globulin level did not change. At birth, immunoglobulin (Ig) M was detected in 5 of the 10 calves, IgG1 in 6 of the 10 calves, and IgG2 in 3 of the 10 calves. By 24 hours after birth, all CF calves had detectable levels of IgM, IgG1, and IgG2, and there were significant increases (P less than 0.01) in the mean serum levels of all 3 immunoglobulins. By 144 hours after birth, the serum levels of IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 decreased to various degrees. At 24 hours, the IgM level had not increased in CD calves; however, the level of IgG2 appeared to increase slightly, and the mean IgG1 level increased by approximately 50%. By 144 hours after birth, there was a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in the mean level of serum IgM. The level of IgG, also appeared to increase substantially, while the level of IgG2 appeared to increase slightly.  相似文献   

4.
The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of colostral quality on serum proteins in calves. Samples were collected from visited farms in Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Kamphaeng Saen and Nong Pho Animal Hospital. In total, 35 dairy farms contributed 80 dams and calves’ samples. Colostrum samples from 80 dairy cows and blood samples from their calves were taken to evaluate colostral immunoglobulins (Ig) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), and calf serum protein and IgG. Total colostral Ig, colostral and serum IgG, and serum protein were measured by a colostrometer, single radial immunodiffusion, and refractrometer, respectively. Immunoglobulin G and serum protein concentrations increased in the 1st day after birth, and maximum concentrations were seen in the 2nd day and then decreased in the 7th and 14th days. Average?±?SD total colostral IgG concentrations at calving date and at 1 and 2 days after calving were 93.85?±?33.89, 37.11?±?23.51, and 17.23?±?9.4 mg/mL, respectively. The profile of total Ig and IgG concentrations in colostrum had a similar pattern, with the maximum concentrations obtained in calving date and rapidly decreased thereafter. Low IgG concentrations were seen in the 7th and 14th day after calving. The calves that were fed with high quality colostrum had higher serum protein at 1 day of age, 7.49?±?1.01 g/dL, than calves fed with low quality colostrum, 6.40?±?0.86 g/dL (P?<?0.01). The increase in serum protein after first colostrum feeding of high and low quality colostrum was 1.55?±?1.07 and 0.81?±?0.69 g/dL, respectively (P?=?0.02).  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the amount of colostral IgG required for adequate passive transfer in calves administered colostrum by use of oroesophageal intubation and evaluate the impact of other factors on passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins in calves. ANIMALS: 120 Holstein bull calves. PROCEDURES: Calves were randomly assigned to specific treatment groups on the basis of volume of colostrum administered and age of calf at administration of colostrum. Colostrum was administered once by oroesophageal intubation. Equal numbers of calves received 1, 2, 3, or 4 L of colostrum, and equal numbers of calves received colostrum at 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, or 22 hours after birth. Serum samples were obtained from calves 48 hours after birth for IgG determination by radial immunodiffusion assay. Effects of factors affecting transfer of colostral immunoglobulins were determined by use of a stepwise multiple regression model and logistic regression models. RESULTS: A minimum of 153 g of colostral IgG was required for optimum colostral transfer of immunoglobulins when calves were fed 3L of colostrum at 2 hours after birth. Substantially larger IgG intakes were required by calves fed colostrum > 2 hours after birth. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Feeding 100 g of colostral IgG by oroesophageal intubation was insufficient for adequate passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins. At least 150 to 200 g of colostral IgG was required for adequate passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins. Use of an oroesophageal tube for administration of 3 L of colostrum to calves within 2 hours after birth is recommended.  相似文献   

6.
Newborn calves were subjected to cold stress and made hypothermic by immersion in water at 15 to 17 degrees C. Cold stress delayed the onset and significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) the rate of absorption of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG1 and IgG2) up to 15 hours after first feeding of pooled colostrum. However, the net absorption of colostral immunoglobulins was not affected. The possible deleterious effect of cold stress on absorption of colostral immunoglobulins by newborn calves under range conditions is discussed.  相似文献   

7.
The effect of method and time of first colostrum feeding on the concentration of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) was evaluated in mithun (Bos frontalis) calves. The hypotheses were that the variable method and time of first colostrum feeding might affect the level of serum Ig and in turn the growth performance and health status of the claves during the early age. The newborn calves were randomly allotted to one of the four experimental groups - G-1: allowed to suckle the dam at own choice, G-2: separated immediately after birth and allowed to suckle the dam first at 6 h and then at own choice, G-3: bottle fed ad libitum colostrum of its own dam first at 6 h and then at 6-h intervals until 24 h, G-4: bottle fed ad libitum colostrum of its own dam within 1 h, at 6 h and then at 6-h intervals until 24 h. The concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were lowest (p < 0.01) at birth and increased following colostrum feeding irrespective of the experimental group. Highest concentrations of all the Ig classes were observed at 12-24 h after birth. The concentrations then transiently decreased from day 7 to 14, and then steadily increased after day 28. The concentrations of IgG (p < 0.01) and IgA (p < 0.05) were higher in G-1 in relation to the other groups during the first week after birth. Similarly, higher concentration of IgA (p < 0.05) was found in G-1 in relation to the other groups during the rest of the experimental period. The apparent absorption efficiency of colostral IgG was higher (p < 0.05) in G-4 in relation to G-3. Growth rate and health status were not influenced by the method and time of first colostrum feeding. In conclusion, a 6-h delay in the first colostrum feeding reduced the level of serum Ig noticeably.  相似文献   

8.
Postpartum, presuckle, colostrum samples were collected from 100 mares. Colostral specific gravities significantly correlated (r = 0.9) with colostral immunoglobulin (Ig)G concentrations. Foal serum IgG concentrations highly correlated (r = 0.82) with specific gravities of the colostrum each foal ingested. Eight of 48 foals (17%) had serum IgG concentrations less than 400 mg/dl. The dams of these 8 foals had colostral sp gr less than 1.06 and colostral IgG concentrations less than 3,000 mg/dl. Foals had serum IgG concentrations greater than 520 mg/dl 24 hours after parturition, when the colostral specific gravity of the dam was greater than or equal to 1.06. Effects of breed on colostral specific gravity, colostral IgG concentrations, foal serum IgG concentrations, and mare serum IgG concentrations were not significant.  相似文献   

9.
125I-labeled immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 in colostral whey was used to determine the region of maximum absorption of Ig from the small intestine of the neonatal calf and the variation in Ig absorption among calves at the intestinal level. In experiment 1, 5 segments (approx 5%, 35%, 60%, 80%, and 95% of the duodenocecal length) were formed in the small intestine of 9 colostrum-deprived calves shortly after birth. These segments were injected with colostral whey containing 125I-IgG1 4 hours after birth, and uptake, transfer, and absorption (defined as uptake plus transfer) were determined for each segment 2 hours later. Raw data were adjusted for the milligrams of IgG1 injected per gram of intestinal tissue to obtain the least squares mean (LSM) value. The LSM values for absorption of IgG1 from distal segments 3, 4, and 5 were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than those values for proximal segments 1 and 2. The region of the maximum IgG1 absorption was the lower small intestine, 60% to 80% of the duodenocecal length. There was also an indication of independence between uptake and transfer in each of the segments. Significant differences (P less than 0.05) were present among calves in the LSM values for uptake and absorption, but not for transfer. In experiment 2, thoracic ducts of 8 newborn calves were cannulated 4 to 5 hours after birth. At 6 hours after birth, colostral whey with 125I-IgG1 was injected into an intestinal segment (approx 60% to 80% of the duodenocecal length).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

10.
SUMMARY Eighty-five unsuckled newborn calves, were fed 1.5 L of colostrum of known IgG concentration at either 2, 4, 6 or 8 hours after birth with no additional colostrum feeding. Another group of 11 calves were left with their dam for 16 hours after birth, before separation. Blood samples were taken from all calves 24 hours after colostrum feeding or separation from the dam and serum Ig concentrations were measured by electrophoresis. There were no significant differences in mean serum Ig concentrations between calves fed at the different times after birth. Three of the 11 calves left to suckle were hypogamma-globulinaemic. Other calves in this group had higher serum Ig concentrations than the means of all other groups. All groups had mean serum Ig concentrations higher than the suggested minimum concentration required for adequate calf health. There were a number of calves that did not reach the suggested minimum serum concentration after feeding, but calf mortality was low and all calves were healthy apart from a slight scour for a few weeks after birth. There was no significant relationship between serum Ig concentration 24 to 48 hours after birth and either calf mortality or average growth rate over an 8- to 10-month period.  相似文献   

11.
Various systems of early post natal management of the newborn calf were examined to determine which would consistently achieve high serum concentrations of maternally derived immunoglobulins, and to examine the factors which might influence this transfer. Early assisted sucking of colostrum to satiation produced consistently high serum concentrations of absorbed immunoglobulins with a mean of 27.17 +/- 8.92 zinc sulphate turbidity (ZST) units for 100 calves. No significant increase in the serum concentrations of absorbed immunoglobulins occurred when calves, which had been assisted to suck immediately after birth, were permitted to remain with their dams and encouraged to suck again at 12 hours (29.20 +/- 9.40 ZST units). Despite early assisted sucking, a small proportion of calves may remain hypogammaglobulinaemic because of the low concentration of immunoglobulins in their dams' colostrum; leakage of colostrum from the udder before calving was the major cause of these low immunoglobulin concentrations. A highly significant correlation was demonstrated between the colostral immunoglobulin concentrations and the passively acquired serum immunoglobulin concentrations of the calves. With this intensive system of early assisted sucking the breed of the calf did not significantly influence the absorption of colostral immunoglobulins.  相似文献   

12.
Twenty-seven newborn Holstein bull calves were bottle-fed 2 litres of pooled colostrum which had been stored at -20 degrees C. Blood gas analysis before feeding showed a partially compensated respiratory acidosis in most of the calves, although they all appeared to be clinically normal. Mean venous blood pH was 7.346, carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) was 57.5 mmHg (7.6 kPa), bicarbonate was 30.6 mmol/l and base excess was 3.82 mmol/l. Mean serum IgG1 increased to 8.1 g/l after feeding colostrum. Several significant positive correlations were observed between post-absorptive serum protein, IgG1, IgM, gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma GT) and D-xylose. Calves with either low serum albumin, high serum CK or low serum gamma GT before feeding tended to have less absorption of colostral protein. It was concluded that reduced absorption of IgG1 from colostrum is associated with hypercapnia in apparently healthy newborn calves.  相似文献   

13.
Immunoglobulin G, IgM, and IgA concentrations were measured in serum collected from 36 Standardbred mares within 12 hours of foaling, in colostrum collected within 6 hours of foaling, and in serum collected from foals 24 to 48 hours after birth. In serum collected from mares after parturition, mean concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 2,463.9 +/- 1,337.3 mg/dl, 136.4 +/- 218 mg/dl, and 305.2 +/- 237.5 mg/dl, respectively. In serum from foals, mean concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 1,953.3 +/- 1,635 mg/dl, 33.8 +/- 30.4 mg/dl, and 58.4 +/- 42.2 mg/dl, respectively. In colostrum, mean concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 8,911.9 +/- 6,282.2 mg/dl, 957 +/- 1088.1 mg/dl, and 122.9 +/- 77.3 mg/dl, respectively. The IgG concentrations in foal serum were poorly correlated with IgG concentrations in colostrum (r = 0.462, P less than 0.01). Correlations of IgM or IgA concentrations in serum from foals with IgM or IgA concentrations in colostrum and correlations of IgG concentrations in serum from mares with those in colostrum were not significant (P less than 0.01). Of 36 foals, 1 (2.8%) had a serum IgG concentration less than 400 mg/dl. Of 36 foals monitored for 4 months, 6 developed infectious respiratory tract disease requiring antimicrobial therapy at ages varying from 55 to 113 days; these infections were probably not related to failure or partial failure of passive transfer of antibody.  相似文献   

14.
A prospective study was performed to determine the incidence and associated maternal and managemental factors of failure of passive transfer (FPT) in foals on a breeding farm. The zinc sulfate turbidity test (ZSTT) and latex agglutination test (LAT) were compared for accuracy in estimating serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G of foals, as determined by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID). Complete past and present foaling histories of 136 Standardbred mares were obtained. All foalings were witnessed by farm attendants, and colostral samples were collected from mares within 2 hours after parturition. Foals that did not rise and nurse were supplemented with colostrum from the dam, using a bottle or nasogastric tube. Serum samples were prepared from foals and mares between 24 and 36 hours after parturition, and from some mares 45 to 90 days before parturition. Serum IgG concentrations of mares and foals and colostral whey were determined, using SRID. Serum IgG also was estimated in foals, using ZSTT and a commercially available LAT. Four of the 136 foals (2.9%) had FPT (serum IgG less than or equal to 400 mg/dl). Serum IgG concentrations in foals significantly correlated with colostral IgG (P less than 0.001). A significantly larger proportion of foals with FPT were bottle-fed their colostrum (P less than 0.01). Month of parturition, mare age, parity, number of barren seasons, incidence of assisted births or retained placenta, or prepartum serum IgG concentrations did not significantly affect colostral IgG concentrations or serum IgG concentrations in foals. As serum IgG concentrations in foals decreased and as colostral IgG concentrations decreased, the proportion of mares that prelactated significantly (P less than 0.01) increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

15.

Background

Intake of colostrum after birth is essential to stimulate intestinal growth and function, and to provide systemic immunological protection via absorption of Immunoglobulin G (IgG). The birth order and weight of 745 piglets (from 75 litters) were recorded during a one-week period of farrowing. Only pigs weighing greater than 0.68 kg birth weight were chosen for the trial. Sow colostrum was collected during parturition, and piglets were bled between 48 and 72 hours post-birth. Piglet serum IgG and colostral IgG concentrations were determined by radial immunodiffusion.

Results

Sow parity had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on sow colostral IgG concentration, being 5% higher in multiparous females. Sow colostral IgG concentration explained 6% and piglet birth order accounted for another 4% of the variation observed in piglet serum IgG concentration (P < 0.05); however, birth weight had no detectable effect. Piglet serum IgG concentration had both a linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on % survival. Piglets with 1,000 mg/dl serum IgG or less (n=24) had a 67% survival; whereas, piglets with IgG concentrations between 2250 to 2500 mg/dl (n=247) had a 91% survival. Birth order had no detectable effect on survival, but birth weight had a positive linear effect (P < 0.05). Piglets weighing 0.9 kg (n = 107) at birth had a 68% survival rate, and those weighing 1.6 kg (n = 158) had an 89% survival.

Conclusion

We found that the combination of sow colostrum IgG concentration and birth order can account for 10% of the variation of piglet serum IgG concentration and that piglets with less than 1,000 mg/dl IgG serum concentration and weight of 0.9 kg at birth had low survival rate when compared to their larger siblings. The effective management of colostrum uptake in neonatal piglets in the first 24 hrs post-birth may potentially improve survival from birth to weaning.  相似文献   

16.
The details of a small study on the volume of colostrum and colostral gammaglobulins produced by beef cows at the first milking immediately after calving and the serum concentrations of passively acquired colostral gammaglobulins attained by beef calves are reported. The mean volume of colostrum and colostral gammaglobulins produced were 2990 ± 2100 (SD) mL and 314.75 ± 211.8 (SD) g respectively. The mean serum concentrations of passively acquired colostral gammaglobulins were 29.9 ± 10.1 (SD) ZST units (n = 40, Ranch A) and 19.2 ± 7.5 (SD) ZST units (n = 42, Ranch B). The main reason for this difference appeared to be nutritional; the cows on ranch B being in much poorer condition and almost certainly producing less colostrum than those on ranch A.  相似文献   

17.
The transfer of immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes (IgG1, IgG2, IgM), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) and added D-xylose from colostrum to serum was investigated in newborn Holstein bull calves. Significant differences were observed in the time courses of the serum concentrations of these colostrum constituents following absorption from pooled colostrum. A computer model was devised to simulate the process of absorption of Ig isotypes, gamma-GT and D-xylose from colostrum in the newborn calf. A Fortran program was used to generate plots of the time course of the concentration of colostrum constituents in serum and other body fluids following a single feed of colostrum. These plots show how the changes in serum concentration of absorbed Ig isotypes, gamma-GT and D-xylose are affected by different rates of intestinal absorption, redistribution in body fluids and removal from plasma. A critical examination of data from the computer model and from the calf feeding experiments supports the view that the absorption of IgG1, IgG2 and IgM is not selective in the calf. The data were compared with earlier studies of the efficiency of the colostral transfer of Ig to the calf. In the present study the transfer efficiencies of IgG1, IgG2, IgM, gamma-GT and D-xylose were 46 per cent, 49 per cent, 47 per cent, 18 per cent and 21 per cent, respectively.  相似文献   

18.
As part of a project to raise specific pathogen free (SPF) Welsh Mountain Pony foals, free from exposure to Equid herpesvirus type 1, foals were removed from their dams at birth and fed bovine colostrum. This study characterises the uptake of bovine colostral immunoglobulin and production of endogenous immunoglobulin, in 10 SPF foals. An enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay was developed to measure serum concentrations of bovine IgG1 (boIgG1) to assess the efficiency of transfer, and rate of elimination of boIgG1 by the foal. The endogenous production of equine IgG was studied using a single radial immunodiffusion test. Foals were given 1.2 to 2 litres of bovine colostrum achieving peak serum boIgG1 concentrations of 18.9 to 34.2 g/litre (mean 28.0). The mean half-life of boIgG1 in the foals was 7.4 days. Endogenous immunoglobulin production resulted in equine IgG concentrations greater than 2 g/litre in six of 10 foals by 14 to 19 days of age, and greater than 7 g/litre in eight of 10 foals by 37 to 50 days of age. All foals had equine IgG serum concentrations greater than 10 g/litre by 102 to 135 days of age.  相似文献   

19.
Comparison of three methods of feeding colostrum to dairy calves   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
Absorption of colostral immunoglobulins by Holstein calves was studied in 3 herds in which 3 methods of colostrum feeding were used. Failure of passive transfer, as determined by calf serum immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) concentration less than 10 mg/ml at 48 hours of age, was diagnosed in 61.4% of calves from a dairy in which calves were nursed by their dams, 19.3% of calves from a dairy using nipple-bottle feeding, and 10.8% of calves from a dairy using tube feeding. The management factor determined to have the greatest influence on the probability of failure of passive transfer in the herds using artificial methods of colostrum feeding (bottle feeding or tube feeding) was the volume of colostrum fed as it affected the amount of IgG1 received by the calf. In dairies that used artificial feeding methods, failure of passive transfer was infrequent in calves fed greater than or equal to 100 g IgG1 in the first colostrum feeding. In the dairy that allowed calves to suckle, prevalence of failure of passive transfer was greater than 50% even among calves nursed by cows with above-average colostral IgG1 concentration. Analysis of the effect of other management factors on calf immunoglobulin absorption revealed small negative effects associated with the use of previously frozen colostrum and the use of colostrum from cows with long nonlactating intervals.  相似文献   

20.
Colostral volume and IgG and IgM concentrations were determined in 6 multiparous mares at foaling and them every 2 hours from 16 to 20 hours after parturition. Serum IgG and IgM concentrations at foaling also were determined in each mare. The rate of mammary secretion was 292 +/- 26 ml/h (range, 202 to 389 ml/h), and the colostral volume was 5.1 +/- 0.5 L (range, 3.2 to 7.0 L). The colostral IgG and IgM contents were 440 +/- 106 g (range, 199 to 855 g) and 3.1 +/- 0.9 g (range, 0.7 g to 7.1 g), respectively. There was no significant correlation between serum and initial colostral IgG and IgM concentration or between serum and total colostral IgG or IgM values. The colostral IgG and IgM concentrations at foaling correlated well with the total colostral IgG and IgM contents, respectively. The initial 250 ml of colostrum contained 10 +/- 1.4% (range, 6.0 to 13.9%) and 6 +/- 1.0% (range, 2.4 to 8.5%) of the total IgG and IgM contents, respectively, and the initial 500 ml of colostrum contained 20 +/- 2.7% (range 12.0 to 27.1%) and 14 +/- 1.2% (8.2 to 17%) of the total colostral IgG and IgM contents, respectively.  相似文献   

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