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1.
研究在室内大型玻璃钢水槽中进行 ,在流水条件下 ,以卤虫幼体为饵料 ,应用Eggers模型研究了黄、东海主要小型经济鱼类玉筋鱼(Ammodytespersonatus)的摄食、生长和生态转换效率等生态能量学特征。结果表明 ,玉筋鱼体重与空消化道重量的关系可用指数函数W =0 .2 71e79.984·ESW加以定量描述 ,通过这一定量关系 ,可推导出其瞬时全消化道内含物量计算公式为St=1 0 0× [SW -(LnW +1 .30 5) / 79.984] /W ;全消化道内含物随时间变化的拟合曲线为St=1 .784e 0 .2 1 4t,公式两边取负对数可求得瞬时排空率为 0 .2 1 4g/ 1 0 0 g·h (W .W .) ;按Eggers模型可求得日摄食量为 2 2 .53g/ 1 0 0g·d (W .W .)或 60 .1 4kJ/ 1 0 0 g·d ;从玉筋鱼的平均日生长量实测值为 3.45g/ 1 0 0 g·d (W .W .)或 2 2 .94kJ/ 1 0 0 g·d,可求得其生态转换效率为 1 5.34 % (W .W .)或 38 1 4 %kJ。  相似文献   

2.
现场胃含物法测定鲐的摄食与生态转换效率   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
孙耀 《水产学报》2003,27(3):245-250
2000年7月至9月在山东半岛南部沿海鲐繁殖海域的鱼类养殖网箱中,应用胃含物法测定了渤海优势鱼种鲐的摄食、生态转换效率等生态能量学参数。结果表明,(1)在饵料不受限制时,鲐的摄食量和生长呈不规则波浪式变化,其波距比较恒定,但波高变化较大;(2)鲐的瞬时胃含物重量随时间变化可用指数模型St=9.0876e-0.1868t描述,瞬时排空率Rt=0.1868g·(100g)-1·h-1(按湿重计算);(3)按Eggers公式可求得鲐日摄食量Cd=(15.60±2.55)g·(100g·d)-1(按湿重计算)或(69.84±11.42)kJ·(100g)-1·d-1;(4)实验期间鲐体重随时间的变化可用线性方程Wt=2.23t+16.71描述,由该式可求得其相对平均日生长量Gd=3.72g·(100g)-1·d-1或30.00kJ·(100g)-1·d-1;(5)由于已知的平均日摄食量和平均日生长量,可求得鲐生态转换效率Eg=23.85%(按湿重计算)或42.96%kJ。  相似文献   

3.
摄食水平和饵料种类对黑癇能量收支的影响   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
以玉筋鱼和鹰抓糙对虾为生物饵料,采用室内流水模拟实验法研究了摄食水平和饵料种类对黑Jun能量收支各组分和能量收支模式的影响。结果表明,黑Jun的生长量、总代谢量、排泄量及生态转换效率均随摄食水平升高呈增长趋势,二者之间的定量关系可分别用对数曲线或直线加以定量描述;不同生物饵料能造成黑Jun摄食、生长,排泄和总代谢水平的显著差异,但却不能改变以比能值为单位的生态转换效率。黑Jun的能量收支模型摄食水平不同有较明显差异,代谢能分配率和排泄能分配率随摄食水平增大呈U型变化趋势,而生长能分配率却恰恰相反。另外,摄食不同饵料对黑Jun的能量收支模型的影响也十分显著。  相似文献   

4.
日粮水平和饵料种类对真鲷能量收支的影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
以玉筋鱼为铒料生物,采用室内流水模拟实验法研究了摄食水平和饵料种类对真鲷能量收支各组分和能量收支分配模式的影响。结果表明,真鲷的生长量、总代谢量、排泄量及生态转换效率均随日粮水平升高呈减速增长趋势,二者之间的定量关系均可用对数曲线加以定量描述;不同生物饵料能造成真鲷摄食、生长、排泄和总代谢水平的显著差异,但却不能改变以比能值为单位的生态转换效率。依据各收支过程的量化结果,可得到真鲷的能量分配模式。  相似文献   

5.
黄、勃海8种鱼类的生态转换效率及其影响因素   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
唐启升 《水产学报》2002,26(3):219-225
研究应用室内或现场实验生态方法测定了黄、渤海8种鱼类的生态转换效率及其主要影响因素,比较了室内与现场方法所测得数据的差异。结果表明:(1)8种鱼类的生态转换效率有显著差异,以湿重或比能值为单位表示的生态转换效率变化范围分别为12.9%-39.0%和14.8%-46.1%;(2)温度、体重、摄食水平、饵料种类和群居行为等生态、生理因素均可能引起鱼类生长和生态转换效率等生态能量学特征的改变。其中,生态转换效率随温度和摄食量增大均呈倒U型变化趋势,随体重增大则呈减速下降趋势。当鱼类摄食不同饵料生物或群居行为发生变化时,能引起其摄食率与生长率显著差别,却不能使以比能值为单位表示的能量转化效率发生显著变化;(3)不同研究方法可能引起测定结果的显著不同,且其差异程度随鱼种不同而变化。  相似文献   

6.
为了研究短蛸(Amphioctopus fangsiao)不同生长阶段的饵料需求,本研究采用刚孵化的短蛸幼体作为实验材料,首先观察不同环境条件下短蛸幼体的摄食行为,然后通过投喂不同的饵料,对短蛸幼体的生长过程进行研究。结果显示,卤虫无节幼体密度从0.1个/ml上升至1个/ml的过程中,密度在0.1个/ml时短蛸初孵幼体摄食量高;1–2 d龄幼体和2–3 d龄幼体有较为强烈的摄食行为,因此,需要从孵化第2天开始重视短蛸幼体的饵料情况。晚上是初孵幼体的摄食活跃阶段,在室内光和黑暗条件下均表现出高摄食量。投喂混合饵料时,短蛸幼体有较高的存活率和增长率;初孵幼体(0.03 g)培育过程中,卤虫无节幼体是关键饵料;当幼体开始附底(0.1 g)时,应及时进行饵料转换,虾苗和贝肉是附底幼体的重要饵料。该研究结果对短蛸规模化苗种繁育具有重要实用价值。  相似文献   

7.
为了研究短蛸(Amphioctopus fangsiao)不同生长阶段的饵料需求,本研究采用刚孵化的短蛸幼体作为实验材料,首先观察不同环境条件下短蛸幼体的摄食行为,然后通过投喂不同的饵料,对短蛸幼体的生长过程进行研究。结果显示,卤虫无节幼体密度从0.1个/ml上升至1个/ml的过程中,密度在0.1个/ml时短蛸初孵幼体摄食量高;1–2 d龄幼体和2–3 d龄幼体有较为强烈的摄食行为,因此,需要从孵化第2天开始重视短蛸幼体的饵料情况。晚上是初孵幼体的摄食活跃阶段,在室内光和黑暗条件下均表现出高摄食量。投喂混合饵料时,短蛸幼体有较高的存活率和增长率;初孵幼体(0.03 g)培育过程中,卤虫无节幼体是关键饵料;当幼体开始附底(0.1 g)时,应及时进行饵料转换,虾苗和贝肉是附底幼体的重要饵料。该研究结果对短蛸规模化苗种繁育具有重要实用价值。  相似文献   

8.
两种岩礁鱼类的食物竞争实验   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用玉筋鱼(Ammodytes personatus)、日本鼓虾(Alpheus jaonicus)和细螯虾(Leptochela gracilis)3种饵料生物,设置了8种饵料组合方式,包括不同种类的饵料生物以及不同投喂量.在室内对混养的2种岩礁鱼类-许氏平鲉(&bastes schlegeli)和大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)进行食物竞争实验.根据摄食量、胃含物中饵料的出现频率和质量分数比等参数,研究许氏平铀和大泷六线鱼对3种饵料的选择性、竞争能力以及对不同饵料组合方式的响应.结果显示,许氏平鲉最大日摄食量(以湿重计)为(142.5±26.4)g·kg-1·d-1,大泷六线鱼最大日摄食量为(104.8±1.7)g·kg-1·d-1,二者对3种饵料的选择性从高到低均依次为玉筋鱼、日本鼓虾、细螯虾.许氏平鲉竞争能力强于大泷六线鱼,表现为对喜食饵料摄食量较大,喜食饵料在胃含物中的出现频率与质量分数比均较高.研究结果表明,饵料种类和数量的变化均显著影响这2种岩礁鱼类的食物竞争.  相似文献   

9.
日粮水平和饵料种类对黑鲷能量收支的影响   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
采用室内流水实验法研究了摄食水平和饵料种类对黑鲷能量收支各组分和模式的影响。结果表明,黑鲷的生长量,总呼吸代谢量,排泄量及生态转换效率均随日粮水平升高呈增长趋势,二者之间的定量关系可分别用对数曲线或直线加以定量描述;不同生物饵料能造成黑鲷摄食,生长,排泄和总呼吸代水平的显著差异,但却不能改变以比能值为单位的生态转换效率。黑鲷的呼能量收支分配率随摄食水平不同有较显著差异;代谢能分配率和排泄能分配率随摄食水平增大呈U型变化趋势,而生长能分配率却恰恰相反。除摄食高蛋白饵料时引起排泄能分配率增加外,摄食不同饵料对黑铜的能量分配模式影响不十分显著。  相似文献   

10.
<正> 本文报告把全长5~8厘米的赫氏黄盖鲽和花点黄盖鲽饲养在70×130×100厘米氯乙烯过滤循环水槽中四年零四个月,观察比目鱼稚鱼期~成鱼期的摄饵与水温的关系,饵料转换率和生长状况。由于摄食饵料大小、生长率和饵料转换效率不同而把幼鱼分成幼鱼Ⅰ、Ⅱ期。水温15~20℃时捕食最好,5℃以下和25℃以上不捕食。在自然海区不捕食的冬季,于饲养水槽中控温在10~15℃仍能摄食。以鳀鱼为主要饵料的幼鱼Ⅰ期和以玉筋鱼为主要饵料的幼鱼Ⅱ期,后者的饵料效率比前者高出24%,一般均过50%。幼鱼Ⅱ期的饵料效率为35%左右。  相似文献   

11.
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of feed restriction on the performance and feeding behaviour of Brycon orbignyanus. Ten‐day larvae (72.84 ± 8.61 mg) were distributed in 36 aquariums (density of 15 larvae/L) in a completely randomized design consisting of six treatments and six replicates. The treatments were determined according to the number of feed restriction days: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days (F0, F2, F4, F6, F8 and F10, respectively), totalling 10 days. The results for final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate were significant (p < .05), and F2 and F0 presented the highest values among all experimental groups. The adopted feeding strategies did not influence final survival (p > .05), and no cannibalism behaviour was observed in any of the treatments. F2 and F0 treatments also displayed higher swimming speed (p < .05) among the assessed groups. The time spent searching for and capturing prey was significantly lower in the F0 treatment. Muscular atrophy for the F10 group was observed, and F2 animals presented no significant difference (p > .05) in muscle fibre diameter when compared to F0. Thus, dietary restrictions can be applied as a strategy for B. orbignyanus reared in intensive laboratory systems for 2 days without compromising performance, muscle growth and feeding behaviour.  相似文献   

12.
羊栖菜食品的开发和利用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
我国人民自古以来就广泛地利用海藻作为食物、药材、动物饲料、农业肥料和制胶原料。近年来随着科学技术的发展和营养学研究的深入,海藻的保健价值和药用价值也越来越受到人们的关注,由于它的维生素,氨基酸,矿物质和微量元素极为丰富,而脂质和可消化吸收的糖类物质含量低,所以将海藻开发为低热量而又有益健康的食品的潜力很大,本文将探讨羊栖菜的加工利用。 一、羊栖莱的特性与价值 羊 栖 菜(hizikiafusiforme)是一种暖温带海藻,属褐藻类马尾藻科,适宜生长于水深流畅、海水透明度较大、营养盐丰富的海区,在我国…  相似文献   

13.
枝角类动物通称水蚤,广泛分布在各淡水水域中,是浮游动物主要成员之一。在人工养殖过程中,枝角类作为稚幼鱼和虾、蟹幼体重要的中后期动物性饵料,它是否稳定充足,是育苗成功的关键环节。现将其室内培育技术介绍如下。  相似文献   

14.
室内研究了不同水深条件下黄鳝的最大摄食率以及黄鳝对沉性饲料和浮性饲料的选择性。在水温相同(24℃)和6 d静水无土养殖的条件下,水深对初始体质量(9.93±1.16)g/尾黄鳝的最大摄食率有极显著的影响,不同水深组最大摄食率从高到低顺序为:10 cm>15、5 cm>20、25、30 cm。水深为10.45 cm时黄鳝食欲最佳。黄鳝摄食沉性饲料的比例明显高于浮性饲料。摄食浮性饲料的比例极显著受水深的影响,从高到低水深组的顺序为:5~10 cm>15 cm>20~25 cm。  相似文献   

15.
Intraspecific food competition in fishes   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Intraspecific food competition exerts powerful selective forces on all animals; successful foragers thrive relative to weaker conspecifics. Understanding competition is therefore fundamental both to ecological insight and to conservation efforts. Fish are adaptable and tractable experimental organisms, offering excellent model systems for studies on competition, and they lend themselves to two approaches: (i) studies of short‐term competition, which quantify the components of behavioural interactions; (ii) studies of long‐term interactions, in which the indeterminate nature of fish growth makes it possible to measure rates directly and correlate them with competitive success. The nature and the intensity of competition vary according to resource characteristics and distributions in time and space, the ecological context, and the relative competitive abilities of the foragers. Second‐order effects, such as winner and loser consequences, add to the complexity and frustrated early attempts to develop realistic models of intraspecific competition. Recently, however, considerable advances have been made in both laboratory and field studies on fishes adding to our understanding of these interacting effects. At the same time, the application of individual‐based modelling offers the prospect of progress towards greater realism and accuracy in predicting competitive outcomes. This review draws together a wide and disparate literature on intraspecific competition in fishes to facilitate the work of both empiricists and theoreticians towards these important goals. In the short term, competing individuals may adopt different behavioural strategies and feeding patterns or establish dominance hierarchies and feeding territories. In the longer term, competition can drive character displacement and the formation of species pairs and fish provide some of the most compelling examples of these processes in evolutionary biology. The challenge for the future is to further develop our understanding of the relationship between the competitive environment and the responses of fishes, particularly with closer co‐operation between empiricists and theoreticians, and to apply this knowledge to aquaculture and to better management of exploited fish stocks.  相似文献   

16.
即食海蜇的加工工艺   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
海蜇为江苏、山东、福建等省沿海地区较为丰富的海产资源之一,它含有多量蛋白质、糖类、无机盐、多种维生素等营养物质(表1),并且口感清淡素净、肉质韧而松脆。因其独特的风味和一定的药效作用,深得广大消费者喜爱。近年来由于沿海资源保护较好,捕捞产量增长很快,仅江苏省每年捕捞总产量就可达20~30万吨.形成了强大的供货市场。但长期以来,人们对海蜇的食用均以家居临时清洗拌调料作凉菜为多,既费工费时,又易因清洗杀菌不彻底而致污染,引起胃肠道中毒症状,从而抑制了海蜇的总体消费量。为进一步开拓消费市场,海蜇的深加…  相似文献   

17.
18.
The effect of salinity on food intake   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
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19.
Tributaries of the Colorado River Basin, historically home to a complex of endemic omnivores collectively referred to as the ‘three species’; flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis), bluehead sucker (C. discobolus) and roundtail chub (Gila robusta), have experienced the establishment of numerous non‐native fish species. In this study, we examine the impacts of the trophic ecology of non‐native fishes on the ‘three species’ in the San Rafael River, Utah, USA. We employ a suite of abundance comparisons, stable isotope techniques and size‐at‐age back‐calculation analyses to compare food web structure and growth rates of the ‘three species’ in study areas with and without established populations of non‐native species. We found that the ‘three species’ are more abundant in areas with few non‐native fishes present, regardless of habitat complexity. Stable isotope analyses indicate non‐native fishes lengthen the food chain by 0.5 trophic positions. Further, the trophic niche spaces of the native fishes shift and are narrower in the presence of non‐native fishes, as several non‐native species’ trophic niche spaces overlap almost entirely with each of the ‘three species’ (bluehead sucker and flannelmouth sucker 100%, roundtail chub 98.5%) indicating strong potential for competition. However, the ‘three species’ demonstrated no evidence of reduced growth in the presence of these non‐native fishes. Collectively, these results suggest that while non‐native fishes alter the food web structure presenting novel sources of predation and competition, mechanisms other than competition are controlling the size‐structure of ‘three species’ populations in the San Rafael River.  相似文献   

20.
5种饵料动物的营养成分分析及评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
对5种饵料动物(卤虫无节幼体、强化后的卤虫幼体、中华哲水蚤、短额刺糠虾、强壮藻钩虾)的营养成分进行了分析,旨在对其营养价值进行评价。采用生化分析手段对5种动物饵料的水分、灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和氨基酸、脂肪酸进行分析。结果显示:5种动物饵料水分含量为87.83%~92.89%,灰分含量为1.69%~4.12%,粗脂肪含量为0.55%~1.36%,其中卤虫无节幼体含量最高(1.36%湿重);粗蛋白质为4.25%~8.74%,含量以短额刺糠虾最高(8.74%湿重)。均含有20种氨基酸,结构较为合理,必需氨基酸含量丰富,综合氨基酸含量及评价来看,5种饵料动物中营养价值最高是短额刺糠虾,然后依次是卤虫无节幼体、强化后的卤虫幼体、中华哲水蚤、强壮藻钩虾。检测到23种脂肪酸,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)占脂肪酸总量的23.21%~41.03%,中华哲水蚤短额刺糠虾强壮藻钩虾卤虫无节幼体强化后的卤虫幼体(P0.05);其中EPA和DHA,除卤虫无节幼体含量较少(3.96%、0.22%)外,其他4种饵料中含量丰富,其中中华哲水蚤(13.89%、21.88%)和短额刺糠虾(17.79%、15.97%)最为丰富。由此可见,5种饵料动物富含蛋白质、脂肪,均符合作为饵料动物的基本营养需求,其中中华哲水蚤和短额刺糠虾营养价值最佳。  相似文献   

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