共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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论述了中草药提取残渣的循环再利用的应用领域,并介绍了在各个领域中中草药提取残渣的应用情况与研究现状,综合分析了中草药提取残渣再利用为实现中药材资源的循环再利用,减少环境污染的可持续性,从而为更加深入地研究中草药提取残渣用途,提高其利用价值,使中药行业走向绿色可持续发展道路提供更准确的研究思路。 相似文献
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针对在中药提取理论研究的基础上出现的许多中药有效成分提取新技术,从其原理、影响因素和应用范围方面进行了综述,为工业生产中合理选择提取方法提供依据。 相似文献
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我国的中药生产水平与世界先进的天然药物提取水平差距甚大，影响了我国中药产品在世界药品市场的地位。中国已经加入WTO，国内中药和天然产物生产企业要想在竞争中赢得主动，必须采用先进的提取分离技术，才可能使我国中药产品生产和销售在国际市场占有更多的份额。因此，我国已将提取分离技术作为今后重点发展的枝术之一。在发达国家，药材从投料开始，整个操作在连续封闭环境下进行，自动化程度高，经粉碎后的药材定时投入提取设备，提取液连续从提取罐中排出，药液和药渣均在封闭的管道中运行，保持了环境的整洁，提高了药材资源的利用率，其提取效率是常规的3～4倍。由于自动出渣离心机分离效率高，整个生产过程采用计算机控制，避免了由于人为因素造成的产品质量不稳定的情况。随着多学科互相渗透和对浸提原理及过程研究的深入，新的提取技术不断出现，提高了中药制剂的质量。因此，我国在大力研发推广适宜于工业化应用的提取分离新技术、新设备的同时，应加强自主创新和技术集成，提高生产自动化控制水平，才能使我国中药提取技术水平和产品整体大幅度提高，增强在国际市场的竞争力，将资源优势转变成经济效益。 相似文献
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本文提示奶牛中药增奶剂对反刍动物的利用有其特殊性，中药需经瘤胃微生物和肠道菌群两道关的微生物降解过程，分解为单体而呈现药理作用。同时根据中药有效化学成份对生物作用的共性，阐述了当前中药增奶剂的应用情况，提出可以用生物转化技术提取某些中药活性成份的设想。 相似文献
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本文共分七篇重点介绍170种兽用基本中药的性味、功能、成分、药理、主治、配伍、用量及其方剂制作或研究。旨在以此为基点，在整理与继承的基础上，中药中用(纯中药制剂)，中药西用(提取或合成纯成分制剂)，中西结合(中西药复方)，方剂重组或改型，扩展思路，加以提高与创新，为此提供一些基本资料，试以较少篇幅，使读者获得一个兽用基本中药纲要，作为应用与开发中草药剂的参考。 相似文献
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SW PAGE 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(1):1-2
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic which has enjoyed extensive use in both medical and veterinary practice. Shortly after its introduction in the late 1940s, the use of chloramphenicol was associated with the induction of an idiosyncratic form of aplastic anaemia in man. This rare and unpredictable adverse effect has since been associated not only with systemic use but with topical applications, as well as occupational exposure. Recognition of the small risk of a potentially fatal adverse reaction, together with the risk of selection of chloramphenicol-resistant pathogens, has led to restrictions on the veterinary uses of chloramphenicol. In Australia at present, the use of chloramphenicol is only permitted in small animals. Its use is specifically prohibited in food-producing animals, including horses. 相似文献
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Clinical audits are used in medicine to monitor practice performance, provide practice feedback, and identify learning needs. Although relatively new to veterinary practice, they hold promise as personal learning needs assessment tools. Continuing veterinary medical education providers are in a unique position to assist practitioners in the design, implementation, and evaluation of clinical audits. This paper discusses the types, the interpretation, and the potential uses of data from clinical audits in the veterinary setting and links audits to continuing veterinary medical education. 相似文献
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R.M. Anholt J. Berezowski K. MacLean M.L. Russell I. Jamal C. Stephen 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014
Companion animals closely share their domestic environment with people and have the potential to, act as sources of zoonotic diseases. They also have the potential to be sentinels of infectious and noninfectious, diseases. With the exception of rabies, there has been minimal ongoing surveillance of, companion animals in Canada. We developed customized data extraction software, the University of, Calgary Data Extraction Program (UCDEP), to automatically extract and warehouse the electronic, medical records (EMR) from participating private veterinary practices to make them available for, disease surveillance and knowledge creation for evidence-based practice. It was not possible to build, generic data extraction software; the UCDEP required customization to meet the specific software, capabilities of the veterinary practices. The UCDEP, tailored to the participating veterinary practices’, management software, was capable of extracting data from the EMR with greater than 99%, completeness and accuracy. The experiences of the people developing and using the UCDEP and the, quality of the extracted data were evaluated. The electronic medical record data stored in the data, warehouse may be a valuable resource for surveillance and evidence-based medical research. 相似文献
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Ninety-two species of plants used in traditional veterinary medical practice in Nigeria are presented. The vernacular names, animal species in which they are used, indications/uses and comments on the plants are given. The importance of integrating traditional veterinary medicine with modern orthodox veterinary medicine is discussed. 相似文献
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The concept of contrast enhancement has significantly extended the usefulness of ultrasound imaging in human medicine and medical research over the past decade. The persistence and efficacy of ultrasound contrast agents has been improved and specific imaging sequences have been developed. Contrast ultrasound provides Doppler and grey-scale enhancement. Doppler examinations are improved when studying deep or small vessels and vessels with low flow velocities. Specific contrast imaging sequences allow detection of tissue enhancement with grey-scale ultrasound which enables assessment of tissue perfusion. Major clinical applications of contrast ultrasound in the human medicine field are the heart, the parenchymal organs such as the liver, spleen and kidneys, and vascular applications. Many other interesting applications have been identified and beside their diagnostic value, intensive research is currently investigating the use of ultrasound contrast agents for therapeutic applications such as targeted delivery of drug- or gene-loaded microbubbles. In the last few years, contrast ultrasound has also been introduced in veterinary medicine. Its usefulness has been shown in diseases of the liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas, lymph nodes and superficial tumours. In the present article, an overview of the physical principles, imaging techniques and image analyses is presented. In addition, a literature review details the current use in veterinary medicine and areas of potential utilization are discussed. 相似文献
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G.A. Berkhoff 《Veterinary microbiology》1977,2(3):237-252
The examination of 300 specimens over a 2-year period in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory (1975–1977) revealed that of the specimens yielding bacteria, 56.3% contained anaerobes while 71.8% yielded facultative bacteria. Of the total specimens 26.6% proved to be sterile and 4.6% were unsuitable. The anaerobes which were isolated with the highest frequency from diseased animals belonged to the following genera: Clostridium, 46.0%; Bacteroides 15.1%; Fusobacterium, 14.3%; Actinomyces, 11.1%; and Propionibacterium, 5.6%. The culture method used in this study was based upon reducible solid media for primary isolation. Its efficiency compared favorably with what is commonly accepted as an effective recovery rate for anaerobes. However, the relative proportion of anaerobic genera obtained from veterinary clinical specimens was in direct contrast with specimens obtained in medical diagnostic laboratories. Because of this difference and the kinds of anaerobes most frequently encountered in veterinary medicine, it is believed that the culture method used in this study is more suitable to veterinary medicine than other methods more commonly employed in medical diagnostic laboratories. 相似文献
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Bente Flatland Kathleen P. Freeman Linda M. Vap Kendal E. Harr 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2013,42(4):405-423
Point‐of‐care testing (POCT) refers to any laboratory testing performed outside the conventional reference laboratory and implies close proximity to patients. Instrumental POCT systems consist of small, handheld or benchtop analyzers. These have potential utility in many veterinary settings, including private clinics, academic veterinary medical centers, the community (eg, remote area veterinary medical teams), and for research applications in academia, government, and industry. Concern about the quality of veterinary in‐clinic testing has been expressed in published veterinary literature; however, little guidance focusing on POCT is available. Recognizing this void, the ASVCP formed a subcommittee in 2009 charged with developing quality assurance (QA) guidelines for veterinary POCT. Guidelines were developed through literature review and a consensus process. Major recommendations include (1) taking a formalized approach to POCT within the facility, (2) use of written policies, standard operating procedures, forms, and logs, (3) operator training, including periodic assessment of skills, (4) assessment of instrument analytical performance and use of both statistical quality control and external quality assessment programs, (5) use of properly established or validated reference intervals, (6) and ensuring accurate patient results reporting. Where possible, given instrument analytical performance, use of a validated 13s control rule for interpretation of control data is recommended. These guidelines are aimed at veterinarians and veterinary technicians seeking to improve management of POCT in their clinical or research setting, and address QA of small chemistry and hematology instruments. These guidelines are not intended to be all‐inclusive; rather, they provide a minimum standard for maintenance of POCT instruments in the veterinary setting. 相似文献
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M D Brody 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,195(4):440-452
Lawmakers have enacted a variety of laws and regulations to ensure proper disposal of certain potentially infectious or otherwise objectionable waste. The veterinary medical profession supports scientifically based regulations that benefit public health. In 1988, Congress passed the Medical Waste Tracking Act, a federal program that mandates tracking certain regulated waste. Several types of waste generated in the typical clinical veterinary medical practice are considered regulated veterinary medical waste. Discarded needles, syringes, and other sharps; vaccines and vials that contained certain live or attenuated vaccines; cultures and stocks of infectious agents and culture plates; research animals that were exposed to agents that are infectious to human beings and their associated waste; and other animal waste that is known to be potentially harmful to human beings should be handled as regulated veterinary medical waste. Regulated veterinary medical waste should be handled with care. It should be decontaminated prior to disposal. The most popular, effective methods of decontamination are steam sterilization (autoclaving) and incineration. Chemical decontamination is appropriate for certain liquid waste. Waste should be packaged so that it does not spill. Sharps require rigid puncture- and leak-resistant containers that can be permanently sealed. Regulated veterinary medical waste that has not been decontaminated should be labeled with the universal biohazard symbol. Generators retain liability for waste throughout the entire disposal process. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that waste transporters and disposal facilities comply with state and federal requirements. Veterinary practices should maintain a written waste management program and accurate records of regulated veterinary medical waste disposal. Contingency planning and staff training are other important elements of a veterinary medical waste management program. The guide includes a model veterinary medical waste management program; however, it does not address all the variations in state and local regulations. Veterinarians should obtain copies of state and local laws and regulations and modify AVMA's model plan to create an individualized practice plan that complies with federal, state, and local laws and regulations. State and local veterinary medical organizations should monitor state and local regulation to influence decisions that affect veterinarians and to keep their members informed of changing requirements. Veterinarians and veterinary medical organizations must stay involved so that regulations do not unfairly burden the veterinary medical profession. 相似文献
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The demographic characteristics of the veterinary profession in New Zealand are examined using information supplied by registered veterinarians to the Veterinary Surgeons Board in their applications for annual practising certificates in 1985. Comparisons are made with the veterinary professions in other similar countries, and with the medical and paramedical professions in New Zealand. In 1985 1308 registered veterinarians were working in New Zealand and 304 were overseas, whereas in 1976 the equivalent figures were 748 and 182. This represents an increase of 73% in the number of registered veterinarians in the last 10 years. Eighteen percent of veterinarians were female. The mean age of veterinarians was 38 years, but females in the profession were on average much younger (32 years) than males (42 years). Clinical practice provides employment for 70% of veterinarians: of these 59% work principally with farm animals and 41% with non-farm animals. The remaining veterinarians are employed by Government (22%), University (5%) and Industry (3%). The current demographic structure of the profession has been markedly influenced by the opening of New Zealand's only veterinary school at Massey University in 1963. Differences from other medical professional populations in New Zealand and overseas principally reflect the marked change in the number and sex ratio of graduates entering the veterinary profession since that time. It will take about another twenty years before the population reaches a stable age and sex structure, assuming that current graduation patterns persist throughout that period. Because the structure of the population is changing, considerable caution is needed in predicting future employment trends from data for a single year. 相似文献