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随着国际贸易的日益频繁，我国外来物种入侵数量呈上升趋势，本文对惠州进境粮食加工存放企业及周边开展外来杂草调查。本文通过实地调查，对惠州进境粮食加工存放企业及周边外来杂草的种类组成、分布、生活型、原产地、入侵途径和危害程度进行了分析。调查共发现外来杂草16科59种，其中检疫性杂草9种。菊科外来杂草种类最多，生活型以一年生草本为主；原产地以美洲为主，以无意引入为主，有6种外来杂草较严重地危害当地生态环境。本调查研究总结了惠州进境粮食加工存放企业及周边外来杂草的种类和类别，提出了防控建议，为构建进口粮食分类监管，构建生物安全防御体系提供参考。 相似文献
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探讨云南省昆明地区常见农田杂草种类组成及外来入侵杂草的来源,为农田杂草防控提供理论依据。昆明地区常见农田杂草分属34科共计151种;优势科的现象十分明显,其中菊科(Compositae)占31种,禾本科(Gramineae)占22种,十字花科(Cruciferae)占10种。在所调查的151种杂草植物中,外来杂草有48种,其中菊科外来杂草植物有13种;48种外来杂草植物中,来自美洲大陆的外来杂草共占28种,来自非洲大陆的外来杂草植物占3种,来自欧洲大陆的外来杂草占10种。昆明地区常见的农田杂草以菊科、禾本科、十字花科、蓼科杂草植物为主,占调查总杂草种数的47.1%;昆明地区常见农田外来杂草以菊科、苋科、禾本科杂草植物为主,占总调查外来杂草种数的45.8%;昆明地区常见农田外来杂草以来自美洲大陆地区的草本植物为主,占总外来杂草植物种数的58.3%。因此,在农业生产中,要加强对菊科、苋科、禾本科杂草植物的监管及有效防控;在引进外来植物物种时,要对来自美洲的植物特别是菊科植物加强风险评估及鉴定。 相似文献
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江苏粮食口岸外来杂草的监测调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
进境粮谷中携带外来杂草种类繁多,在进境口岸卸运时容易发生洒漏。2011~2015年,每年在江苏进口粮食口岸开展杂草疫情监测调查,结果在进口粮食码头、加工厂、储备库、运输沿线等区域共发现各类杂草49科192属357种,其中外来杂草34科86属142种。菊科、苋科、豆科、茄科、禾本科和旋花科等6个科是外来杂草主要的种类,占全部外来杂草的56.3%。调查共发现中国新记录种21种和江苏新记录种7种。认为在进口粮食口岸加强杂草疫情监测工作很重要,从而提出了做好外来杂草疫情监测和防控的措施与建议。 相似文献
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曹妃甸口岸进境矿砂中的传带外来杂草 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《杂草科学》2015,(3)
通过对曹妃甸口岸2010—2014年进口矿砂中监测到的杂草进行统计与分析,初步确定曹妃甸口岸新发现杂草有17科35属41种,外来杂草23种。对外来杂草原产地分布进行初步分析,结果表明,进口矿砂中传带的杂草种类繁多,检疫性杂草入侵风险较大,建议加强对进口矿砂的检疫和后续监管,防止外来有害杂草在口岸辖区内定殖扩散,造成危害。 相似文献
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通过对公园、道路、小区(园区)等30个调查样区园林绿地的调查，发现石家庄市园林绿地中共有20科44属56种外来入侵植物。在生活型上，草本植物占绝对优势，为92.9%;原产地为美洲的最多，占66.1%;在引入途径上，人工引种和无意引入的植物几乎各占一半；外来入侵植物分布的种类和数量与绿地面积大小、样区建成时间的长短、绿地组成结构以及绿化管护水平相关，其中绿地面积大、建成时间长、绿地以草本植物为主、绿化管护水平较低的样区分布较多；在56种外来入侵植物中有3种具有毒性，从入侵性上看，外来入侵植物共分为恶性入侵类、严重入侵类、局部入侵类、一般入侵类以及有待观察类5个等级。 相似文献
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为明确澳大利亚外来昆虫物种组成及入侵区系，以在线数据库、公开发表文献以及图书等资料为数据源集成澳大利亚外来昆虫数据集，对其物种组成、原产地、空间分布、传入途径进行统计分析。结果显示，收集的澳大利亚外来昆虫数据集共包括382种，隶属于8目78科277属。鞘翅目昆虫的种类最多，有325种，其中象甲科昆虫最多，有74种，其次是隐翅甲科和叶甲科昆虫，分别有27种和20种。澳大利亚外来昆虫主要来源于亚洲，占外来昆虫原产地总记录频次的28.47%，其次是欧洲和非洲，占比分别为19.79%和16.32%。整体上来看，澳大利亚外来昆虫丰富度呈现东高西低的空间分布格局，密度呈现东南密西北疏的格局；从传入途径来看，无意传入的昆虫占91.89%，有意传入的昆虫占8.11%，且主要通过运输污染物和运输偷运物2种途径无意传入。基于澳大利亚外来昆虫现状，考虑我国在全球气候变化背景下面临的跨境生物入侵威胁，建议我国在外来物种入侵防控工作中加大口岸检疫监管力度，规范引种管理，同时加强防范入侵的宣传教育。 相似文献
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The nature of a reductive system which actively degrades mexacarbate in the rat intestine and liver was investigated. The system is characterized by its stability against heat and protease treatments and its requirements for a flavin cofactor and an acidic pH for a maximum activity. As a result of purification and spectroscopic identification attempts the system responsible for the above reductive activity was identified to be flavoprotein. Under anerobic conditions such flavoproteinflavin cofactor systems degrade mexacarbate first to 4-N-desmethylmexacarbate and then to polar water-soluble metabolites. 相似文献
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利用祁连山老虎沟地区海拔4200m气象观测站2010年的观测资料,采用FAO Penman-Monteith公式,再利用作物系数法,对高寒草甸生长季(5月22-9月22)的蒸散发量进行估算和分析。结果发现:研究期共有124天,蒸散发总量为238.3mm,日均为1.87mm·d-1。生长初期、生长中期、生长末期的蒸散发总量依次为22.6mm,179.1mm,36.6mm,依次占研究期总量的8.4%,75.2%,15.3%。5月下旬至6月中旬,日均蒸散发量以较低水平缓慢上升;6月下旬迅速增加;6月末至7月中旬猛然回落;7月中旬至8月末,日均蒸散发量迅速上升且维持在较高水平;此后直到9月22日,缓慢减少。5-9月月蒸散发总量依次为6.6mm,46.4mm,74.5mm,77.6mm,33.1mm。 相似文献
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Aetiology of Rhizoctonia in sheath blight of maize in Sichuan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rhizoctonia isolates obtained from maize grown in commercial fields in 33 representative counties (or cities) in Sichuan province in China were characterized according to colony morphology, hyphal anastomosis and pathogenicity. Of 141 isolates, 116 were identified as R. solani , 23 as R. zeae and two as binucleate Rhizoctonia . The isolates of R. solani were assigned to four anastomosis groups (AG): AG-1-IA (101 isolates, accounting for 71.6% of the total), AG-1-IB (2, 1.4%), AG-4 (9, 6.4%) and AG-5 (4, 2.8%). The two isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia belonged to AG-K. On maize, isolates of AG-1-IA caused typical sheath blight symptoms. Lesions produced by isolates of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were darker than those of AG-1-IA. Rhizoctonia zeae usually caused discontinuous lesions with a dark brown margin and a brown centre on the leaf sheaths, as well as ear rot. Isolates of AG-1-IA were the most virulent to maize, with an average lesion length of approximately 15 cm. Isolates of R. zeae produced lesions approximately 12 cm long, while those of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were progressively shorter. On potato dextrose agar (PDA; pH 6.4), the minimum temperature for mycelial growth of R. zeae isolates was 14–18°C, the maximum 38–40°C and optimum 30°C. Isolates of R. zeae did not grow on PDA (28°C) at pH 2.0, the optimum for growth being pH 6.4. 相似文献
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西北地区冬季室内三种常绿植物的光合特性比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用Li-6400XT便携式气体交换系统的红蓝光源和液化CO_2钢瓶注入系统,模拟冬季室内较密闭环境下存在较高CO_2浓度且为弱光环境,设置CO_2浓度为600μmol·mol~(-1),并以400μmol·mol~(-1)作为对照组(CK),对绿萝(Scindapsus aureus)、鹅掌柴(Scheffera octophlla(Lour).Harins)和燕子掌(Crassula agenten Thunb.)进行光响应(Pn-PAR)曲线的测定。结果显示:在CO_2浓度600μmol·mol~(-1)下,三种植物的光饱和点(LSP)均比(CK)更早出现,绿萝和鹅掌柴总体的净光合速率(Pn)比(CK)高,燕子掌比(CK)低;绿萝的最大光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)和表观量子效率(YAQ)均最高,分别为5.62±0.145μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、373.51±24.15μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)和0.041±0.003μmol·μmol~(-1),但暗呼吸速率(Rd)较低(-0.51±0.14μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1));鹅掌柴和绿萝的水分利用率(WUE)和蒸腾速率(Tr),极显著高于燕子掌(P<0.01);绿萝的叶绿素SPAD值最高(70.03±4.18),极显著高于其余两种(P<0.01)。研究表明,绿萝对光照具有最强的利用能力,且能在高CO_2浓度且干旱的环境里健康生长,并能对室内环境起到较强的增湿效应,是西北地区冬季较为理想的室内植物。 相似文献
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Incidence of benomyl and iprodione resistance in isolates of Botrytis cinerea in tomato crops in England and Wales in 1986 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
In 1986, mass-mycelial isolates of Botrytis cinerea from 67 tomato crops in England and Wales were examined for benomyl and iprodione resistance. Of the 706 isolates obtained, 62.7% were resistant to benomyl at 2μg/ml and 43.2% were resistant to iprodione at 2 μg/ml. Iprodione resistance persisted in the absence of a dicarboximide spray programme. The incidence of benomyl resistance has not decreased since the last survey in 1984 in spite of a considerable reduction in the use of benzimidazole fungicides. There were no clear indications that the use of dichlofluanid influenced the incidence of benomyl or iprodione resistance. Disease control was poorer in crops with a higher incidence of iprodione resistance. 相似文献
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A. D. Avgelis 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1987,93(4):153-158
During a survey of virus diseases affecting pepper grown in plastic houses in Crete, during 1984–1986, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were detected. The most common virus was TMV, being present in samples of alle pepper cultivars carrying the L1 resistance gene, while ToMV was isolated only from susceptible pepper cultivars. According to responses ofCapsicum spp. the isolates from 640 samples checked were classified into three pathotypes: P0, P1.2 and P1.2.3. Results of this study show that P1.2 represents at present the major threat to the Cretan pepper industry.Samenvatting Bij een in de jaren 1984–1986 gehouden inventarisatie van virusziekten in paprika in plastic-foliekassen op Kreta werd zowel het tabaksmozaïekvirus (TMV) als het tomatemozaïekvirus (ToMV) aangetoond. TMV kwam zeer algemeen voor: het werd aangetroffen in alle monsters van de paprikarassen met het resistentiegen L1. ToMV werd alleen geïsoleerd uit planten van vatbare paprikarassen. Volgens de waargenomen symptomen die de isolaten van 640 monsters opCapsicum spp. vertoonden, konden de isolaten in drie pathotypen, nl. P1, P1,2 en P1,2,3, worden geklassificeerd. Uit het onderzoek is gebleken dat P1,2 de belangrijkste bedreiging vormt voor de teelt van paprika op Kreta. 相似文献
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A. D. Avgelis 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1986,92(4):147-152
Tomatoes grown in plastic houses in Crete have been inspected since 1980 for virus diseases. Plants with virus-like symptoms were checked by sap inoculation to test plants and the isolated viruses were identified by host reaction and serology. The most common viruses were, in order of frequency, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), potato virus X, tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), potato virus Y and cucumber mosaic virus. The large use of ToMV-resistant cultivars reduces gradually the importance of ToMV while TBSV tends to become a serious problem of tomato in Crete.Samenvatting Van 1980–1984 werden op Kreta de in plasticfolie-kassen geteelde tomaten geïnventariseerd op de aanwezigheid van virussen. Verdachte plante werden door sapinoculatie op toetsplanten onderzocht. De daarbij geïsoleerde virussen werden daarna via de symptomen op de waardplanten en serologisch geïdentificeerd. In volgorde van belangrijkheid werden de volgende virussen het meest aangetroffen: tomatemozaïekvirus, aardappelvirus X, tomatedwerggroeivirus, aardappel Y virus en komkommermozaïekvirus, De laatste jaren is door de toenemende teelt van tomaterassen met resistentie tegen tomatemozaïekvirus het belang van dit virus sterk verminderd, terwijl het tomatedwerggroeivirus een steeds ernstiger probleem lijkt te worden. 相似文献