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1.
A long-red awn weedy rice and rice cultivars named Ken99004（ZCI）, Crossing-503（ZC2）, Ken Sticky Rice（ZC3）, Shashani（ZC4）, Long-Grain Aromatic Rice（ZC5） were used to study typical wild traits of weedy rice and to identify the cold resistance of all genotypes. The results showed that the stem of long-red awn weedy rice was the weakest. No difference was found in the early stage of rice growth, e.g. the vegetable growth stage, between long-red awn weedy rice and other rice cultivars in the stem rigidity, but in the later stage, or reproductive growth stage, their leaves and stems were senescent rapidly because of the speedy supply of nutrients for panicle growth, meanwhile the rigidity of stem was reduced sharply just as withered weeds. The germination rate of long- red awn weedy rice was the highest in cold condition, and in turn were ZCI, ZC2, ZC3, ZC4, ZC5, respectively. The performances of genotypes in cold tolerance were identical, those with a high ability of germination in low temperature also showed a strong cold tolerance in main traits in whole growth period, the order from strong to weak in the extent of cold tolerance were long-red awn weedy rice, ZCl, ZC2, ZC3, ZC4, ZC5, respectively  相似文献   

2.
The culm length, panicle length, spikelets per panicle and panicle exsertion were evaluated by using F2：3 population including 200 lines derived from the cross of indica and japonica Milyang 23/Jileng 1 under five different environments of Beijing （natural normal growing environment）, Kunming （natural cold environment）, Gongzhuling of China （cold water irrigation） and Chuncheon of Korea （natural normal growing environment and cold water irrigation）, and QTLs of these traits were analyzed by using SSR markers. The results showed that 44 QTLs related to these agronomic traits were detected under five different growing environments, and these QTLs have been located on 11 chromosomes except chromosome 9. The QTLs for qCLla, qCL1b, qCL5a, qCL6b, qPLla, qPL3a, qPL6b, qPL6c, qPL7b, qSP8b, qSPlc, qSP11a, qSP12, and qPE1 have been detected under more than two growing environments, and those that were little affected by environments, were stable QTLs. Among them, qCLla, qCLlb, qPLla, qSPlc, and qPE1 explained 24.2-55.2%, 22.7-39.9%, 12.5-27.7%, 14.4-33.5%, and 26.6-28.7% of observed phynotypic variation, respectively, which were major genes mainly appearing as overdominance. These QTLs cause the increase in action to culm length, panicle length, spikelets per panicle, and panicle exsertion under cold environment, showing that these QTLs were correlated with cold tolerance.  相似文献   

3.
The objective of the study was to determine the physiological mechanisms of plants in response to brassinolide(BR) alleviating cold water stress on rice. In this study, physiological responses of rice to exogenous BR and cold water submergence were investigated using the chilling-tolerant cultivar Kongyu 131(KY131) and the chilling-sensitive cultivar Kenjiandao 6(KJD6). A total of 2 mg L~(–1) BR increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and chlorophyll, but decreased the malondialdehyde(MDA) content in KY131 and KJD6 under cold water stress. The observed decreases in SOD and POD activities and MDA content recovered quickly after plants were returned to irrigation with water at temperatures of about 23.0°C in 2014. Additionally, the contents of nitrogen(N), phosphorous(P), and potassium(K) were increased by BR treatment under cold water stress. Exposure to BR also raised the percentage of high effective leaf area and leaf area index at the heading stage. Furthermore, it promoted soluble sugar synthesis, increased the rate of dry matter accumulation, and enhanced the export and translocation rates of the stem-sheath. The yield in KJD6 was significantly(P≤0.01 and P≤0.05) higher than that of the control in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The effect of BR treatment on rice leaf SOD and POD activities, MDA, chlorophyll, P, and stem-sheath K contents were more significant in KJD6 than in KY131. In conclusion, exogenous BR effectively reduced the physiological and metabolic damage in rice due to cold stress at the booting stage, promoted functional recovery in plants that received irrigation with water at a normal temperature following cold stress, and mitigated the effects of cold water stress on yield.The two varieties exhibited differential responses to BR; the weaker cold-resistant variety was more sensitive to BR and displayed stronger responses to exogenous BR.  相似文献   

4.
Total 75 rice varieties （lines） in Heilongjiang Province （or cold region） as germplasm resources were identified for cold tolerance at germinating stage by controlling temperature in artificial incubator. The results showed that the shooting seed rate at the germinating stage could be used as the evaluation index of cold tolerance. The cold tolerance was recorded on 1-9 scale and could be identified by the criteria of five indexes such as highly tolerant （HT）, tolerant （T）, moderately tolerant （MT）, susceptible （S）, highly susceptible （HS）.  相似文献   

5.
According to phenological observation data of fourteen stations in Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi provinces from 1994 to 2006,indices of suitable temperature at the booting stage and accumulated temperature(≥10 ℃)during the whole growth period in early or late rice in the south of China were analyzed by statistics and biological relationship between factors.Indices of the optimum daily mean temperature and the minimum temperature at the booting stage were as follows:Early convention rice variety was 25.7 ℃ and 22.3 ℃ respectively,hybrid variety was 26.5 ℃ and 23.3℃ respectively;while late convention rice variety was 25.6 ℃ and 22.3 ℃ respectively,hybrid variety was 25.8 ℃ and 22.6 ℃ respectively.Indexes of accumulated temperature during the whole growth period were as follows:The early-maturing variety,the middle-maturing variety and the late-maturing variety of early rice was 2 512.1 ℃,2 528.4 ℃ and 2 651.3 ℃ respectively,while the early-maturing variety,the middle-maturing variety and the late-maturing variety of late rice was 3 126.2 ℃,3 031.5 ℃ and 3 335.2 ℃ respectively.The above indexes all met the requirements of identification,which could provide reference for formulating the meteorological standard of rice in the south of China.  相似文献   

6.
To better understand the effect and mechanism of cold tolerant seed-coating agents on the cold tolerance of rice seedlings, the physiological and biochemical effects of four cold tolerant seed-coating agents （HET, YKJ, YKZYJ, and the ABA seed coating agents） on two early indica rice varieties were studied under chilling stress. The results showed that the rice seedlings treated with cold tolerant seed-coating agents under chilling stress maintained dramatically higher root vigor, POD, CAT and SOD activities, and chlorophyll content, had lower MDA content and electrolyte leakage, and accumulated more soluble sugar and free proline, when compared with the control without the treatment, and finally showed lower plant injury rate. It was indicated that the cold tolerant seed coating agent improved the ability of rice seedlings in resisting to chilling stress. YKZYJ was ranked the first in terms of the efficiency in cold tolerance among the four cold tolerant seed-coating agents tested.  相似文献   

7.
花期干旱胁迫对籼稻近等基因系水分和光合生理的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
【Objective】An indica near-isogenic rice lines were treated with drought stress at flowering stage to study water and photosynthetic physiology changes of flag leaf. By analyzing the relationships among agronomic phenotype characters, water and photosynthetic physiology changes and fertility of rice, the authors try to accumulate data for drought tolerance evaluation of rice.【Method】The rice materials were suffered with drought stress begin from heading of main shoot for 15 days, water and photosynthetic physiology parameters were measured after treatment.【Result】The results showed that the indica near-isogenic rice represented various drought tolerance, and there was no correlation between drought tolerance and agronomic phenotype characters, neither with physiological activities of rice under well watered condition. However, under drought stress at flowering stage, the correlation coefficient between drought resistance indexes and changes of water content of flag leaf, water potential of flag leaf, stomatal conductance of flag leaf were 0.614**, 0.514** and 0.541**, respectively. This indicates that rice drought tolerance has a correlation with changes of water content, water potential and stomatal conductance. In addition, except the correlation coefficient between drought resistance indexes and changes of Fv/Fm of flag leaf (0.470*), there was no correlation between rice drought tolerance and photosynthetic physiology.【Conclusion】In summery, the changes of water physiology parameters could be used as indicators for screening rice with drought tolerance.  相似文献   

8.
Grain filling, a crucial stage of grain yield formation in rice, is usually affected by the panicle nitrogen （N） fertilization. Field and pot culture experiments were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of N effect. Two rice cultivars with high lodging resistance were grown in the field and pot. Four panicle N fertilization treatments were conducted in 2006 and repeated in 2007. The result showed that medium level of panicle N fertilization treatment （NM） enhanced the accumulation and translocation of non-structural carbohydrate （NSC） in the stem and sheath. Compared with non-nitrogen treatment （NO）, NM promoted the translocation of labeled ^13C from stem and sheath to grain. But, low level of panicle N fertilization treatment （NL） and high level of panicle N fertilization treatment （NH） showed the negative effect. The endosperm cell, grain length, and grain width of NM increased more quickly than that of NO from 4 to 10 d after anthesis. During the early period of grain filling, sucrose-phosphate synthase （EC 2.4.1.14, SPS） activity were significantly higher for the NM treatment than those of the NL and NH treatments. Sucrose synthase （EC 2.4.1.13, SuSase） activity in the grains was substantially enhanced by NM, with the duration of higher activity being longer than those of the other treatments. At maturing stage, NM significantly increased the filled grain number, the seed-setting rate, and the grain weight compared with NL and NH. The results suggest that NM have a positive effect on the activities of enzymes of physiological importance, thereby increasing the grain size and promoting grain filling.  相似文献   

9.
Environmental conditions greatly affect the growth of rice. To investigate the geographic differences in yield formation of single-season high-yielding hybrid rice in southern China, experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in the upper and middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River with 10–30 main locally planted high-yielding hybrid cultivars used as materials. Compared with rice planted in the middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River, rice planted in the upper reaches has a longer tillering duration, higher accumulated temperature(≥10℃) during tillering period, but lower accumulated temperature and solar radiation from initial booting to maturity. Yield traits comparison between the upper and the middle–lower reaches of Yangtze River showed that the former had 48.1% more panicles per unit area while the latter had 46.4% more grains per panicle; the rice yield in the former was positively correlated with the seed setting rate and the dry matter accumulation before heading, while the latter was positively correlated with grains per panicle and dry matter accumulation from booting to maturity. Comparison of the same variety Tianyouhuazhan planted in different regions showed there was a significant positive correlation between panicle number and the duration of and accumulated temperature during the tillering period(r=0.982~(**), r=0.993~(**), respectively), and between grains per panicle and accumulated solar radiation during booting period(r=0.952~*). In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, more than 90% of cultivars with an yield of greater than 11 t ha~(–1) had an effective panicle number of 250–340 m~(–2), and there was a significant negative correlation between seed setting rate and grains per panicle; therefore, the high-yielding rice production in these regions with a long effective tillering period(40 d) should choose varieties with moderate grains per panicle, adopt crop managements such as good fertilizer and water measures during vegetative growth period to ensure a certain number of effective panicles, and to increase the dry matter accumulation before heading. While in regions with a short effective tillering period(20 d) but good sunshine conditions during the reproductive growth period, such as the middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River, high-yielding rice production should choose cultivars with large panicles, adopt good water and fertilizer managements during the reproductive growth period to ensure the formation of large panicles and the increase of dry matter accumulation after heading.  相似文献   

10.
The study was undertaken to assess the genetic effect of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） conferring heat tolerance at flowering stage in rice. A population consisting of 279 F2 individuals from the cross between 996, a heat tolerant cultivar and 4628, a heat-sensitive cultivar, was analyzed for their segregation pattern of the difference of seed set rate under optimal temperature condition and high temperature condition. The difference of seed set rate under optimal temperature condition and high temperature condition showed normal distribution, indicating the polygenic control over the trait. To identify main effect of QTL for heat tolerance, the parents were surveyed with 200 primer pairs of simple sequence repeats （SSR）. The parental survey revealed 30% polymorphism between parents. In order to detect the main QTL association with heat tolerance, a strategy of combining the DNA pooling from selected segregants and genotyping was adopted. The association of putative markers identified based on DNA pooling from selected segregants was established by single marker analysis （SMA）. The results of SMA revealed that SSR markers, RM3735 on chromosome 4 and RM3586 on chromosome 3 showed significant association with heat tolerance respectively, accounted for 17 and 3% of the total variation respectively. The heat tolerance during flowering stage in rice was controlled by multiple gene. The SSR markers, RM3735 on chromosome 4 and RM3586 on chromosome 3 showed significant association with heat tolerance respectively, accounted for 17 and 3% of the total variation respectively. The two genetic loci, especially for RM3735 on chromosome 4, can be used in marker-assistant-selected method in heat tolerance breeding in rice.  相似文献   

11.
以昆明小白谷和大理早籼杂交培育的孕穗期耐冷性重组近交系(RIL)为材料进行籼粳稻区水稻耐冷性研究。结果表明:(1)籼粳稻区株高、穗下节长、穗长和总粒数均呈数量性状的分布特征.(2)籼粳稻区一些性状间的相关性存在一定的差异,冷凉粳稻区株高与结实率等性状密切关性;相反高温粳稻区穗颈长与穗部4个性状达极显著或显著相关。(3)遗传研究表明对低温和高温均敏感的穗颈长和结实率受主效基因控制,多数弱耐冷单株的耐热性相对较强。  相似文献   

12.
 紫花苜蓿(Medicigo sativa L.)是重要的豆科牧草,刈割是利用紫花苜蓿的关键技术措施之一。本文以在云贵高原热带和亚热带地区表现优异的7个紫花苜蓿品种为研究对象,分析了不同刈割处理对紫花苜蓿品种产草量和粗蛋白含量的影响。结果表明：刈割处理对紫花苜蓿不同品种的鲜草产量、干草产量及粗蛋白含量均有显著的影响。14号品种（1085）在45cm的刈割方式下鲜草产量最高,达到了86400kg/hm2,且显著高于30cm刈割和孕蕾期刈割（P＜0.05）;同一刈割处理下,不同的品种之间产草量和粗蛋白含量也存在显著的差异（P＜0.05）,45cm刈割处理时,14号品种（1085）的鲜草产量显著高于其余6个紫花苜蓿品种（P＜0.05）,而粗蛋白含量则是16号品种（1075）的最高,且显著高于其余6个紫花苜蓿品种（P＜0.05）。不同刈割处理对参试的紫花苜蓿品种产草量和粗蛋白含量分析,表明在45cm刈割方式下,苜蓿的产草量,粗蛋白含量和粗蛋白产量最高,故云贵高原热带和亚热带地区苜蓿生产的最适宜刈割高度是45cm。  相似文献   

13.
杂交水稻孕穗期和开花期耐冷性鉴定指标研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  
以人工气候箱和大田试验相结合的方法对18个杂交水稻组合的孕穗期和开花期进行耐冷性鉴定。结果表明,低温处理后的相对结实率能够反映不同品种的耐冷性差异,可作为耐冷鉴定的主要评价指标;相对结实率与相对株高和相对着粒密度呈极显著的正相关,相关系数在开花期分别为0.4653和0.4182,孕穗期分别为0.4951和0.7010,可作为耐冷性鉴定评价辅助指标;相对结实率与相对包颈长差呈显著负相关(开花期r1=-0.2609,孕穗期r2=-0.2265),相对包颈长差也可作为一个参考指标。经逐步多元回归分析表明,相对株高、相对着粒密度和相对包颈长差对相对结实率影响较大。  相似文献   

14.
【目的】对大穗型水稻穗部性状的数量性状基因座(QTL)进行定位,为水稻超高产育种提供优质的种质材料。【方法】利用95个在双亲具有明显多态性的分子标记和213个由大穗型水稻材料lp1与9311构建的F2群体单株,采用完备区间加性模型作图法(ICIM-ADD)对穗长、每穗粒数和着粒密度3个穗部性状的QTL进行检测。【结果】共检测到5个穗部性状QTL,其中穗长QTL 1个,每穗粒数QTL 2个,着粒密度QTL 2个,分布于第3、4、6、10和11号染色体上。检测到的QTL LOD介于2.63~2.91,表型贡献率为7.42%~17.72%,贡献率大于10.00%的主效QTL有2个(qSSD-3-1和qPL-11-1),分别有2个和3个QTL的增效等位基因来源于大穗lp1和9311。【结论】定位得到的主效QTL qSDD-3-1和qPL-11-1可用于分子标记辅助选择育种,新的穗长QTL qPL-11-1可用于精细定位和克隆。  相似文献   

15.
研究以140份东北地区粳稻品种(系)为材料,分别对芽期、分蘖期、孕穗期、灌浆成熟期的耐冷性进行鉴定。结果表明,140份材料中,芽期强耐冷性材料有3份,分蘖期耐冷性较好的占20.00%,孕穗期耐冷性较好的占64.28%,成熟期耐冷性较好的占44.42%;对各生育期耐冷性进行相关分析,结果表明分蘖期地上部分生长量与芽期死苗率和孕穗期结实率呈显著或极显著正相关,孕穗期耐冷性与成熟期耐冷性呈极显著正相关。死苗率可作为分蘖期和孕穗期耐冷性鉴定的间接指标;分蘖期耐冷性可作为孕穗期耐冷性的间接指标。  相似文献   

16.
为探讨外源水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)对孕穗期低温胁迫寒地粳稻颖花形成的影响,丰富寒地粳稻化控抗寒研究,试验以耐冷品种东农428和冷敏感品种松粳10号为供试材料,设置5个SA浓度(0.25、0.50、1.00、2.00和4.00 mmol·L~(-1)),设置低温清水对照(Cold)与常温清水对照(CK),分析外源SA对孕穗期低温胁迫寒地粳稻颖花形成、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明,与CK处理相比,低温胁迫下水稻产量及产量构成指标显著降低。施用不同浓度SA提高寒地粳稻花粉育性、颖花分化数、籽粒干物质积累量、灌浆速率、产量及产量构成指标,随喷施SA浓度增加,东农428与松粳10号花粉育性、颖花分化数、籽粒干物质积累量、灌浆速率、产量及产量构成指标均表现为先升后降趋势。分析得出,孕穗期低温胁迫下东农428与松粳10号喷施外源SA最适浓度为0.50 mmol·L~(-1)。  相似文献   

17.
随着全球气候变暖，高温已成为威胁寒地水稻生产的主要气候因素之一。利用六角形开口玻璃房模拟日间增温，并用耐热高产品种龙稻21和热敏感优质品种龙稻18为试验材料，进行了不同生育时期的增温处理试验。结果表明，模拟增温设施能够实现日间平均1.2~2.6 ℃的增温效果。全生育期增温使龙稻21和龙稻18的产量分别提高7.4和4.5 t·hm-2，增产效应主要是通过增加生物量、有效穗数和每穗颖花数实现的。进一步分析不同生育时期增温对产量的影响发现，分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期的增温使龙稻21的产量分别增加1.2、3.9、0.8和1.1 t·hm-2。拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期的增温能使龙稻18的产量分别增加1.5、2.5和1.8 t·hm-2。孕穗期增温导致龙稻21和龙稻18的产量分别减少0.2和1.2 t·hm-2。各生育时期增产主要通过增加生物量、有效穗数和每穗颖花数实现。不同耐热品种对增温的响应不同，主要受结实率的影响。同时也发现，增温对千粒重存在负向作用。分蘖期和拔节期增温能够增加糙米率和精米率，而孕穗期、抽穗期和灌浆期的增温导致糙米率、精米率下降以及垩白米率、垩白度升高。增温对稻米食味值、蛋白质含量和直链淀粉含量的影响较小。未来如果高温出现在寒地水稻生育前期危害较弱，而且还有部分有利作用。但如果高温发生在孕穗期、抽穗期和灌浆期，对寒地优质稻谷的生产危害较大，应进一步加强对寒地水稻生育后期高温的研究和耐高温品种的选育。  相似文献   

18.
黑龙江省水稻品种(系)孕穗期耐冷性SSR标记的筛选   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
研究通过对黑龙江省不同地区的120份水稻品种(系)进行孕穗期耐冷性鉴定,明确不同水稻品种(系)的孕穗期耐冷性差异。根据BSA方法,借助SSR分子标记手段,挑选孕穗期耐冷最强和最弱的极端值各12个DNA样本等量混合,组成抗感两个池,利用国内外已发表的一些与孕穗期耐冷性主效QTL相连锁的SSR标记一同筛选。通过相关性分析和符合度计算,得到位于水稻第11染色体和第1染色体上RM229、RM259与黑龙江水稻孕穗期耐冷性通用性高的引物,两个引物与黑龙江水稻孕穗期耐冷性抗感池品种的相似性系数为0.75和0.58,准确率达83.3%和75%,可用于黑龙江水稻品种(系)资源和相应后代孕穗期耐冷性的筛选。  相似文献   

19.
杂草稻后代主要耐冷性状相关关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以红长芒杂草稻/龙粳11组合的F2系统为试材,探讨了杂草稻后代孕穗期耐冷性遗传变异以及与后代主要性状冷水反应指数CRI的相关关系。结果表明:F2系统群的孕穗期耐冷性表现为近似正态的连续分布,是由多基因控制的数量性状。杂草稻对冷水的反应较迟钝,优势在于冷水处理下结实率高、成穗率高、后熟快。通过杂草稻的利用,可以培育出孕穗期耐冷性较好的后代材料。在耐冷育种中,冷水处理下狭义遗传力高的性状为株高、千粒重和结实率等,容易通过对亲本的选择获得所期望的后代,低世代选择效果好。株高的冷水反应较迟钝的材料,一般其结实率和穗颈长的冷水反应也较迟钝;穗颈长的冷水反应较迟钝的材料,一般其结实率也较迟钝,在耐冷育种的性状选择上,在注重选择结实率高的同时,要注意选择在低温处理下株高和穗颈长冷水反应指数较高的组合和单株。  相似文献   

20.
以小花谷和南34杂交F1在4个不同海拔下自交产生的F2群体为材料,在2 200 m海拔的低温条件下种植分析比较了其主要穗部性状的遗传参数。结果表明:小穗育性和着粒密度对低温冷害都较为敏感,均可用来度量孕穗开花期的耐冷性,并且随着产生F2群体海拔的升高明显增加;然而,穗长和穗节长在中海拔产生的F2群体中表现明显高于在高海拔和低海拔产生的F2群体。此外,在不同海拔产生的F2群体中不同穗部性状的变异系数、遗传率、遗传进度和偏度系数等遗传参数的表现也存在极为明显的差异。研究结果表明产生F2群体的海拔对穗部性状的表现具有非常明显的效应,其中对小穗育性和着粒密度的影响尤为明显。  相似文献   

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