共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Hedenström A Johansson LC Wolf M von Busse R Winter Y Spedding GR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5826):894-897
The flapping flight of animals generates an aerodynamic footprint as a time-varying vortex wake in which the rate of momentum change represents the aerodynamic force. We showed that the wakes of a small bat species differ from those of birds in some important respects. In our bats, each wing generated its own vortex loop. Also, at moderate and high flight speeds, the circulation on the outer (hand) wing and the arm wing differed in sign during the upstroke, resulting in negative lift on the hand wing and positive lift on the arm wing. Our interpretations of the unsteady aerodynamic performance and function of membranous-winged, flapping flight should change modeling strategies for the study of equivalent natural and engineered flying devices. 相似文献
2.
Studies of insect flight have revealed novel mechanisms of production of aerodynamic lift. In the present study, large lift forces were measured during flight episodes elicited from dragonflies tethered to a force balance. Simultaneously, stroboscopic photographs provided stop-action views of wing motion and the flowfield structure surrounding the insect. Wing kinematics were correlated with both instantaneous lift generation and vortex-dominated flow fields. The large lift forces appear to be produced by unsteady flow-wing interactions. This successful utilization of unsteady separated flows by insects may signal the existence of a whole new class of fluid dynamic uses that remain to be explored. 相似文献
3.
The wings of archaic Odonatoidea from the mid-Carboniferous of Argentina show features analogous to "smart" mechanisms in modern dragonflies that are associated with the agile, versatile flight necessary to catch prey in flight. These mechanisms act automatically in flight to depress the trailing edge and to facilitate wing twisting, in response to aerodynamic loading. The presence of similar features suggests that the earliest known odonatoids were already becoming adapted for high-performance flight in association with a predatory habit. 相似文献
4.
首先对目前各种类型的高速直升机方案和提高前飞速度的新技术进行了综合比较和分析,在此基础上提出了一种旋翼/机翼转换式高速方案。然后,设计了高速直升机RD15的总体方案和直升机/飞机模式的转换过程。在该方案中,升力系统由盘翼和可收缩的桨叶组成;悬停和低速前飞时的控制采用单片桨叶控制技术;尾部采用矢量推力的涵道螺桨,不仅在悬停时提供方向控制,而且在飞机模式时提供高速前飞的推力和多种控制。最后,对此方案旋翼系统的气动特性和关键技术——直升机/飞机模式转换过程中盘翼的仰角、桨叶的长度、转速以及桨距等参数的变化进行了理论和试验研究,并建立了盘翼/旋翼系统的气动计算模型。计算和试验表明,该方案在直升机/飞机模式相互转化过程中升力、功率和操纵的改变能够实现平滑连续地过渡并保证操稳性。 相似文献
5.
The aerodynamics of free-flight maneuvers in Drosophila 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Using three-dimensional infrared high-speed video, we captured the wing and body kinematics of free-flying fruit flies as they performed rapid flight maneuvers. We then "replayed" the wing kinematics on a dynamically scaled robotic model to measure the aerodynamic forces produced by the wings. The results show that a fly generates rapid turns with surprisingly subtle modifications in wing motion, which nonetheless generate sufficient torque for the fly to rotate its body through each turn. The magnitude and time course of the torque and body motion during rapid turns indicate that inertia, not friction, dominates the flight dynamics of insects. 相似文献
6.
为了提高所选定飞行器模型的机动性,采用了一种标准遗传算法设计前缘翼根延伸(LEX).同时使用一种由三维低阶板方法结合DATCOM方法半经验公式的改进方法预测复杂外形飞行器(机身 机翼 尾翼)的空气动力载荷和最大升力系数.结果表明,在前缘翼根存在的情况下,升力系数在马赫数为0.4～0.8时提升了20.5%～15.3%,在马赫数为1.2时提升了6.8%,在马赫数为0.2～0.95之间升力系数最大值提升了9.5%～15%.在1～5 km的高度亚音速飞行时,其回转率得到了6.6%～8.0%的提升. 相似文献
7.
【目的】为满足无人机田间作业既具有旋翼机灵活起降的功能又具备固定翼长航时的特征,设计了一种X字布局的旋翼、固定翼混合结构且具有倾转功能的新型农用植保无人机。【方法】根据农田喷施作业的负载动力要求对无人机的增升装置进行了翼型和参数的设计。利用SolidWorks软件搭建了植保无人机的机体结构,使用Fluent软件结合Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型,对植保无人机增升增速参数进行了气动仿真分析。【结果】仿真试验发现,升力系数与迎角和空速呈正相关,其中,迎角从4°至6°变化时的影响较为强烈;迎角对应5°～30°前倾角时,升力系数达到0.81。在5 m/s的空速下,迎角和前倾角的关系几乎呈线性分布,机头前倾即可增大升力系数,进而增加有效负载,使得整体植保无人机的作业效率得到提升。【结论】本文为设计倾转翼植保无人机提供了理论依据,也为植保无人机延长续航时间、提升作业效率打开了新思路。 相似文献
8.
The current understanding of how birds fly must be revised, because birds use their hand-wings in an unconventional way to generate lift and drag. Physical models of a common swift wing in gliding posture with a 60 degrees sweep of the sharp hand-wing leading edge were tested in a water tunnel. Interactions with the flow were measured quantitatively with digital particle image velocimetry at Reynolds numbers realistic for the gliding flight of a swift between 3750 and 37,500. The results show that gliding swifts can generate stable leading-edge vortices at small (5 degrees to 10 degrees) angles of attack. We suggest that the flow around the arm-wings of most birds can remain conventionally attached, whereas the swept-back hand-wings generate lift with leading-edge vortices. 相似文献
9.
10.
Formation flight of birds 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Formation flight of birds improves aerodynamic efficiency. Theoretically, 25 birds could have a range increase of about 70 percent as compared with a lone bird, the advantage being more pronounced when there is a tail wind. A vee formation is required to equally distribute the drag saving, and, contrary to other statements, the lead bird does not necessarily have the most strenuous position. The angle of the predicted vee compares with that observed in nature; stability mechanisms are described which make it easy and natural for the bird to sense optimal formations. 相似文献
11.
用遗传基因算法优化设计了翼-身-尾全机模型机翼边条.通过求解全机纵向运动状态方程,分析了全机模型带与不带机翼边条时纵向动态响应问题.涉及的气动力、力距和纵向稳定导数等则由三维低阶板块法计算获得.通过优化设计,新的带有机翼边条的模型飞机,其升力线斜率可明显提高.当Ma=0.4-0.9时,斜率约提高13%-17%;当Ma=1.5时,约提高12%.数值计算结果表明:在装有机翼边条时,由于短周期频率和阻尼比的提高,飞机对在交战飞行时特别的偏转控制输入响应敏捷.最后,给出了部分基于板块法的气动力结果与Cy-20飞机飞行试验数据的比较. 相似文献
12.
Insect wings appear to have evolved from gills used by aquatic forms for ventilation and swimming, yet the nature of intermediate stages remains a mystery. Here a form of nonflying aerodynamic locomotion used by aquatic insects is described, called surface skimming, in which thrust is provided by wing flapping while continuous contact with the water removes the need for total aerodynamic weight support. Stoneflies surface skim with wing areas and muscle power output severely reduced, which indicates that surface skimming could have been an effective form of locomotion for ancestral aquatic insects with small protowings and low muscle power output. 相似文献
13.
Aerosol concentrations were measured during a 54-hour circum-navigation of the earth at altitudes between 238 and 162 millibars and concurrently by a separate flight at lower altitudes over the Pacific Ocean. The aerosol concentrations were found to be symmetrically distributed about the earth. Concurrent meteorological measurements indicate that tropospheric aerosols enter the stratosphere in the vicinity of jet streams and that surface aerosols are carried aloft over the intertropical convergence and Antarctic polar front. 相似文献
14.
Bennett L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(3915):177-179
Large changes in lift output result when a simulated insect wing, undergoing a downstroke, is subjected to a dynamic change of incidence. Given a large positive rate of change of incidence, transient lift values several times those realized in steady-state operation at the same angle of incidence are obtained. Thus a means exists by which insects achieve several times the lift expected by conventional quasi-steady considerations. 相似文献
15.
Vanes in the primary flight feathers of Archaeopteryx conform to the asymmetric pattern in modern flying birds. The asymmetry has aerodynamic functions and can be assumed to have evolved in the selective context of flight. 相似文献
16.
为优化设计森林防火小型无人机的机身,降低机身质量,减少空气阻力,以双尾撑固定翼无人机为基础,利用SolidWorks建立机身模型进行结构设计,并利用ANSYS-FLUENT对机身进行数值模拟。采用ANSYS ICEM CFD 网格生成器生成PRISM网格结构进行网格划分,对机身进行气动分析。通过FLUENT仿真对设计进行改进,分析改进前后的流体场、阻力和质量差异。结果表明:可以采用ANSYS-FLUENT软件对森林防火小型无人机机身进行气动外形优化。机身的气动外形优化对减少阻力有明显的影响,改进后机身所受空气阻力减少了45.9%,机身质量减轻了27.8%。 相似文献
17.
为研究轴流压气机下游静子叶片非定常气动力的大小和频率的变化规律，采用在静子叶片表面埋设微型动态压力传感器的方法，在低速单级轴流压气机实验器上进行了静子叶片表面压力的测量。测量了不同轴向间距、不同转速下从近堵塞到近失速的宽广流量范围，并对所测得的静子叶片非定常气动力进行了离散傅立叶变换，以分析其频谱特性。实验结果表明：在转子尾迹的影响下，静子叶片表面的波动频率是转子的尾迹频率及其倍频。转子尾迹频率的高频分量对静子叶片吸力面前缘的影响比对其他位置的影响大。叶片表面的非定常压力和气动力随压气机流量、转速和轴向间距的变化而变化。 相似文献
18.
通过批吸附动力学、等温吸附试验,并结合X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术和衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATRFTIR),揭示不同pH下左氧氟沙星(LEV)在铁氧化物表面的吸附机制。结果表明：溶液pH对LEV在针铁矿表面的吸附影响较大,不同pH下,其吸附动力学更符合准二级动力学模型(R2>0.98)。在pH为4时,3 h左右达到吸附平衡,而在pH为8时,12 h达到吸附平衡,并且pH为4的吸附量约是pH为8的2倍。XPS和ATR-FTIR的结果一致表明,静电作用和化学吸附是其主要吸附机制,在低pH(pH为4)时,LEV在针铁矿表面主要以单核双齿形态被吸附,在高pH(pH为8)时,主要以双核双齿形态被吸附。在中间pH(pH为6)时,由于静电排斥作用,导致其吸附量最大。 相似文献
19.
The conspicuous white silken adornments known as stabilimenta, which are commonly found in the orb webs of some spiders, appear to be protective devices that warn birds of the presence of webs in their flight path. Webs endowed with artificial equivalents of stabilimenta tended to survive intact the early morning period when birds are on the wing; unmarked webs showed a high incidence of destruction. 相似文献
20.
Dial KP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5605):402-404
Flapping wings of galliform birds are routinely used to produce aerodynamic forces oriented toward the substrate to enhance hindlimb traction. Here, I document this behavior in natural and laboratory settings. Adult birds fully capable of aerial flight preferentially employ wing-assisted incline running (WAIR), rather than flying, to reach elevated refuges (such as cliffs, trees, and boulders). From the day of hatching and before attaining sustained aerial flight, developing ground birds use WAIR to enhance their locomotor performance through improved foot traction, ultimately permitting vertical running. WAIR provides insight from behaviors observable in living birds into the possible role of incipient wings in feathered theropod dinosaurs and offers a previously unstudied explanation for the evolution of avian flight. 相似文献