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1.
对不同基因型玉米磷素分配及子粒植酸磷积累进行研究。结果表明,不同杂交种玉米各营养器官磷素分配与子粒植酸磷浓度及其积累量存在基因型差异,郑单958和浚单20相对植酸磷浓度低,分别为1.57、1.59 g/kg。子粒中植酸磷占总磷的比例平均值为56%,其中,永玉2号最高,约为62%;浚单20和郑单958较低,约为49%。不同基因型玉米各部位磷浓度、积累量与子粒植酸磷浓度完熟期存在相关性,其上部叶、下部叶、苞叶、穗轴、子粒的磷浓度和茎秆、上部叶、下部叶、苞叶、穗轴、子粒的磷积累量与子粒的植酸磷积累量均达显著水平(P0.05)。  相似文献   

2.
In many plants, phytic acid (phytate, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexakisphosphate) is one of the main storage forms of phosphate. About 80% of phosphorus (P) in cereal plants, including rice is stored as phytic acid [1-2]. P in phytic acid can’t be utilized by monogastric animals including human, while it was estimated that only 1/3 of the total P in most of the vegetal feedstuff could be efficiently utilized by the livestock. Therefore, for animal feed with P supplementation is expected to meet the d…  相似文献   

3.
为了明确籽粒植酸含量降低率作为磷高效大豆品种筛选指标的可行性,本试验以26个大豆品种为材料,采用沙培盆栽法,测定正常磷和低磷水平下各品种产量、农艺性状、生理指标和植酸含量并分析各指标间的相关性。根据产量损失率将26个品种聚类成A^G共7个类型,A类品种产量损失率均小于10%,G类品种产量损失率大于60%;B^F各类品种产量损失率介于A、G中间。产量、植酸含量与株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、地上及地下部含磷量均呈正相关关系,其中与茎粗和净光合速率呈显著正相关。在正常磷及低磷条件下,A^G各类型品种籽粒植酸含量变化无明显规律,但A类大豆品种籽粒植酸含量降低率小于30%,G类则大于80%。田间种植试验进一步证实植酸含量降低率低于30%的品种耐低磷指数大于1.0,属于强磷高效类型;G类品种耐低磷指数小于0.6,属于弱磷高效类型;B^F各类品种介于A、G中间。综上所述,正常磷与低磷水平下大豆籽粒植酸含量降低率可以作为又一个关键指标,与产量及部分农艺性状协同筛选磷高效大豆品种。  相似文献   

4.
植酸和氯离子对稻米品质的影响   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  
 以原丰早为材料进行了在不同时期施用植酸与氯离子的试验。在水稻抽穗至成熟期间叶面喷施植酸，能抑制水解酶类的活性，减弱淀粉酶分解淀粉的反应，提高淀粉合成酶的活性，有利于淀粉合成，改善稻米品质。水稻齐穗期叶面喷施50、100 mg/kg 两种浓度的植酸，碎米率的平均值比对照低2. 8～23. 1个百分点，整精米率上升5～7个百分点；垩白等级、垩白率降低，乳白米粒减少，与对照相比差异显著；对碱消值、直链淀粉含量亦有影响。氯离子作为淀粉酶的激活剂，喷施后能抑制淀粉合成酶的活性，对稻米品质呈逆向效应。  相似文献   

5.
UPAS-120, a high yielding and early maturing variety of pigeon peas releasedby the Department of Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar contained a significant amount of phytic acid, i.e. 886 mg/100 g. When it was subjected to various domestic processing and cooking methods viz. soaking (6, 12, 18 h), dehulling, ordinary as well as pressure cooking and germination (24, 36 and 48 h), a drastic decrease in level of phytic acid with a remarkable increase in the HCl-extractability of mono, divalent, andtrivalent ions, like calcium, phosphorus, and iron occurred. Germination (48 h) was found to be the best method for decreasing the phytic acid content, i.e.35 to 39 percent less than the control and significantly (p<0.05) increasingthe non-phytate phosphorus and HCl-extractable phosphorus. Pressure cooking of soaked-dehulled pigeon pea also rendered equally good results. The calcium, phosphorus and iron contents of pigeon pea seeds were 197.3, 473.1, and 9.91 mg/100 g, respectively; some losses varying from 3 to 9 percent were noticed when the legume was subjected to soaking, cooking, and germination but the maximum losses, i.e. 23 percent, occurred when the seeds were dehulled. However, HCl-extractability of Ca, P and Fe improved to a significant extent when the pigeon pea seeds were soaked, soaked-dehulled, cooked and sprouted which may have been due to decrease in the phytate content followed by processing and cooking. The significant negative correlations between the phytic acid and HCl-extractability of minerals of processed pigeon pea strengthens these findings.  相似文献   

6.
利用水稻穗离体培养方法,对不同外源磷浓度下水稻籽粒植酸等磷化物含量的差异及其植酸代谢相关功能基因在灌浆过程中的表达特征进行了探讨。结果表明,水稻籽粒中的植酸、无机磷和总磷含量随外源磷处理浓度上升呈增加趋势,但磷处理对千粒重和单位籽粒中植酸积累量的影响因磷浓度水平而异,高磷处理会导致水稻千粒重和籽粒植酸积累绝对量的显著降低;外源磷处理浓度的上升,不仅会引起水稻籽粒中锌和铁元素含量的显著降低,而且会导致锌、铁营养的生物有效性下降;外源磷处理对水稻籽粒植酸含量的影响与不同磷处理下RINO1基因的相对表达量之间存在较密切关系,中磷浓度(3P)处理会诱导RINO1基因的表达,但高磷浓度(12P)会抑制RINO1基因的表达,RINO1是外源磷浓度处理对水稻籽粒植酸合成代谢过程产生调控作用的一个重要功能基因位点,而IPK2基因与水稻在不同磷浓度处理下的植酸含量变化无直接联系。  相似文献   

7.
The phytic acid content of refined (hand-made and factory-made) and whole (factory-made) wheat flours, much consumed in the Canary Islands, have been determined in this study. A total of 200 samples of flours from different types (100 refined and 100 whole) were analysed. The method proposed by Garcı́a-Villanova et al. (1982) was used for determination of phytic acid content in wheat flours. Most of the phytic acid concentrations are within the range 2–4 mg/g for the refined flours and 6–10 mg/g for the whole ones. The arithmetic mean obtained from all the samples studied is 3·77 mg/g for hand-made, refined flours, 2·96 mg/g for factory-made refined flours and 8·50 mg/g for the whole ones. On analysing the phytic acid content in all the flour samples, significant differences were observed for the different types of flour. Refined flours had a content lower than whole ones.  相似文献   

8.
Four varieties of common bean seeds stored at 4°C, 80% relative humidity, for one to eight years showed no differences in proximal chemical composition, Seeds 5–6 years old absorbed more water than 1 to 4 year-old seeds. The cooking time required for five year-old seeds was 6 hours, while the fresh seeds needed 3/4-to-one hour cooking time. The most remarkable difference was in phytic acid content, which decreased 94% to 98% during long storage.  相似文献   

9.
The effects of cooking, germination, and fermentation on the chemical composition of cowpea were studied. There were noticeable trends in the protein, carbohydrate and crude fiber as a result of the different treatments. Both the germinated and fermented samples contained more ether extractable lipids than the raw and cooked samples. Untreated raw cowpea contained 5.9 mg/g phytic acid, 1.66 mg/g phytate phosphorus, 3.3 mg/g total phosphorus, 56.8 mg/g total sugar, and no reducing sugar. Cooking the dry beans at 100°C for 1 1/2 hours had little effect on the phytic acid and phytate phosphorus. There were, however, significant decreases in total phosphorus and sugars of the cooked beans. After germination for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours respectively, there was a significant decrease in phytic acid and total sugar and increase in total phosphorus and reducing sugar. Similar results were also obtained when the dry beans was fermented for 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours respectively.  相似文献   

10.
水稻籽粒不同部位植酸含量及其与稻米品质的相关性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
 选用13个不同类型的水稻品种,对其籽粒不同部位植酸含量品种间差异及与稻米主要品质性状间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,供试13个水稻品种米糠、糙米、颖壳、精米的植酸含量平均值分别为48.51、9.77、1.40和0.91 mg/g,而且不同水稻品种间籽粒不同部位的植酸含量存在极显著差异。在籽粒中,米糠中植酸积累最多,其次是精米,颖壳最少。米糠中植酸含量与糙米和颖壳中植酸含量呈极显著正相关。糙米和米糠中植酸含量与稻米蛋白质含量均呈显著的负相关,与千粒重均呈显著正相关。  相似文献   

11.
Fenugreek seeds were boiled in water for various lengths of time (5, 10 and 15 min). Changes in weight, volume, moisture content, total sugars, nitrogen compounds, minerals, phosphorus compounds, phytic acid, amino acids and the in vitro digestibility of the seeds as well as the total solids of the boiling water were determined. Data indicated that there was an increase in both weightand volume as well as the in vitro digetibility of fenugreek seeds especially after the first 5 minutes of boiling. On the other hand, a decrease in the content of total sugars, protein compounds, calcium, magnesium, phytic acid, phosphorus and amino acids was observed. The reduction was accompanied by a gradual increase in the total solids of boiling water.  相似文献   

12.
不同玉米品种子粒植酸磷及其他形态磷含量的相关性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
以50个自交系和24个杂交种为材料,测定其总磷、植酸磷、无机磷含量,分析不同基因型玉米子粒中植酸磷及其他形态磷含量的差异性和相关性。结果表明：不同自交系和杂交种间3种磷形态的含量均存在显著差异,植酸磷与总磷间呈正相关,与无机磷间呈弱度正相关。在低植酸玉米选育时,应该同时采用植酸磷和无机磷两个指标作为选择标准。自交系丹黄02是选育较低植酸磷、高无机磷含量杂交种的优良亲本材料。  相似文献   

13.
 利用水稻植酸含量差异较大的品种中花11(粳型)和LPA（籼型）为亲本杂交获得F2群体的172个单株,构建了含126个SSR和4个STS标记的遗传连锁图谱,利用贝叶斯（Bayesian）法对水稻籽粒植酸含量性状进行了主效应QTL定位和上位性互作分析。共检测到 3 个与水稻籽粒植酸含量性状有关的主效QTL,分布在第3、5和6 染色体的相应区间内,表型贡献率分别为538%、802%和462%,降低籽粒植酸含量的等位基因均来自亲本LPA。检测到10对上位性互作影响籽粒植酸含量, 分布于水稻第1、3、5、6、11染色体上,互作效应值为169～518,其表型变异的解释率为867%～2473%。  相似文献   

14.
选用我国江浙地区近期育成的晚粳稻品种（系）29个,对它们在浙江杭州相同栽培条件下籽粒中的植酸、蛋白质含量与其组分差异及其相关性进行了分析。供试29个品种(系)植酸含量的平均值为0.868%,变化幅度为0.699%~1034%,其中秀水系列品种的植酸含量一般较低,而武育粳系列和淮字系列品种（系）的植酸含量则相对较高;供试29个品种材料总蛋白质含量的平均值为8.722%,其含量大致呈正态分布。在4种蛋白质组分中,谷蛋白、球蛋白和清蛋白在品种间的变异系数较大,而醇溶蛋白则相对较小,且在分布频率上也表现出品种类型间的差异特征;除谷蛋白与总蛋白质之间存在着极显著的正相关外,供试29个品种(系)的植酸含量与蛋白质含量及4种蛋白质组分含量间并无密切的关系。  相似文献   

15.
The objective of this project was to determine the effect of various types of processing on selected nutrition related parameters of commonly consumed Indian pulses and soybean. Germination reduced the phytic acid content of chickpea and pigeonpea seeds by over 60%, and that of mung bean, urd bean, and soybean by about 40%. Fermentation reduced phytic acid contents by 26–39% in all these legumes with the exception of pigeonpea in which it was reduced by more than 50%. Autoclaving and roasting were more effective in reducing phytic acid in chickpea and pigeonpea than in urd bean, mung bean, and soybean. Germination and fermentation greatly increased the in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD). IVPD was only slightly increased by roasting and autoclaving of all legumes. Germination and fermentation also remarkably decreased the total dietary fiber (TDF) in all legumes. Autoclaving and roasting resulted in slight increases in TDF values. All the processing treatments had little effect on calcium, magnesium and iron contents.  相似文献   

16.
The phytate phosphorus in horse gram and moth bean seeds accounted for 57% and 55%, respectively, of the total phosphorus. During germination, there was a continuous decrease in the proportion of phytate phosphorus. In 48 h germinated seeds, the phytate phosphorus accounted for only 20% and 26%, respectively of the total phosphorus. A significant amount of calcium was leached out during germination. Other minerals were not affected significantly. Cooking decreased phytate phosphorus in ungerminated and germinated seeds of both the legumes. Calcium content in ungerminated and 12 h germinated moth bean seeds decreased significantly during cooking. Such a decrease was noticed in ungerminated seeds of horse gram. No significant changes were noticed in magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc contents of both the legumes due to cooking.  相似文献   

17.
以协青早、秀水110及其辐射诱变获得的低植酸突变系（HIPi1和HIPj1）为材料,通过水培试验对不同氮、磷、锌浓度处理下水稻籽粒植酸含量差异及与几种矿质元素间的相关性进行了比较分析。高水平氮、磷、锌浓度处理的籽粒植酸含量较同一品种的低氮、磷、锌处理均有所降低,但在水稻生育期间,籽粒植酸含量对磷、锌处理浓度变化的敏感性,则因品种的植酸类型特征而异;氮、磷浓度增加能分别提高铁或降低铜在籽粒中的积累,但在高锌处理下,籽粒铁含量明显降低、而钾和镁的含量等却有所升高; 籽粒植酸含量一般与K、Mg、Fe、Cu 4种矿质元素含量呈正相关、与籽粒Zn含量呈负相关,但统计显著水平因品种而异。低植酸突变体籽粒中的K、Mg、Fe、Zn等含量虽略有下降,但可以通过适当的介质营养条件来调节有关矿质营养在水稻籽粒中的积累。  相似文献   

18.
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19.
提高或维持水稻产量的同时,提高稻米品质已成为目前水稻育种的首要目标之一。其中,通过降低籽粒中植酸等抗营养因子,增加锌、铁生物有效性以提升水稻营养品质,是目前水稻品质改良的一个重要方向。本文主要综述了水稻籽粒中植酸合成的代谢路径、低植酸水稻的筛选及相关功能基因的遗传特点、植酸生理代谢的调控网络、低植酸水稻农艺性状劣变和生态适应性降低的生理原因、籽粒植酸合成的环境调控效应等相关研究进展。可为低植酸水稻品质改良以及栽培调优提供借鉴。  相似文献   

20.
Twenty-nine japonica rice varieties collected from Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, China were planted in Hangzhou, China, to investigate the phytic acid content in brown rice and its frequency distribution as well as the correlation among the contents of phytic acid, total protein and four protein compositions in brown rice. The phytic acid content in brown rice ranged from 0.699% to 1.034%, with a mean of 0.868% for the 29 tested rice varieties. Xiushui series rice varieties generally exhibited lower phytic acid level than Wuyujing and Huai series rice varieties. A rough normal distribution, with a mean of 8.722%, was observed for the total protein contents in the tested varieties. Of the four protein compositions, the glutelin, globulin and albumin contents had larger coefficient of variation than the prolamin content, although the difference in prolamin content was genotype-dependent. No significant correlation was found between the phytic acid and four protein composition contents, whereas the total protein content was significantly and positively related to the glutelin content in brown rice.  相似文献   

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