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1.
目的 揭示水稻抽穗开花后剑叶衰老过程的内源自由态IAA和轭合态IAA含量的动态变化及其基因型间的差异,明确氮素营养供应对叶片衰老过程的延缓效应及其与两种化学态IAA含量之间的关系。方法 以剑叶早衰水稻突变体(psf)与其野生型(浙恢7954)为材料,比较了其在大田条件下剑叶衰老过程中的内源IAA含量、IAA类型和YUCCAs家族基因转录表达量差异,并利用水培种植试验设低氮(LN, 1.45 mmol/L)、正常氮(NN, 2.9 mmol/L)和高氮(HN, 5.8 mmol/L)3个氮浓度水平处理,对不同氮素水平下水稻叶片衰老相关指标与两类IAA含量间的关系进行了分析。结果 早衰突变体psf剑叶中的自由态IAA含量显著低于相同取样时期的野生对照,但前者剑叶中的轭合态IAA含量显著高于后者,且随叶片衰老进程呈较明显的上升趋势;在7个YUCCAs同工型基因中,YUCCA1、YUCCA2、YUCCA3、YUCCA4和YUCCA6)的转录表达量随叶片衰老而下降,但YUCCA7则随叶片衰老呈现出先上升后下降的变化趋势。相同灌浆时期相比,绝大多数YUCCAs在早衰突变体psf剑叶中的转录表达量要低于其野生型对照,说明IAA合成代谢较弱是psf剑叶叶绿素含量迅速下降和早衰症状加剧的重要原因之一。其中,YUCCA7转录表达量随叶片衰老而上升,可能对psf已衰老叶片中的IAA合成起重要调控作用;氮浓度对水稻叶片中的IAA含量及其自由态与共轭态的影响表现为,在叶片开始衰老的初期和前中期,低氮处理(LN)引起剑叶中的自由态IAA含量下降和轭合态IAA含量上升,而高氮处理(HN)可诱导叶片中的自由态IAA含量增加,并导致轭合态IAA含量明显降低,但对已严重衰老的叶片而言(psf在抽穗开花后28 d的剑叶),高氮处理下(HN)的自由态IAA和轭合态IAA含量均低于正常氮处理(NN)和低氮处理(LN)。结论 水稻叶片的衰老进程与其叶片器官中的IAA含量及其化学态之间存在较密切联系。其中,轭合态IAA含量在叶片衰老过程的大幅度提升,是早衰突变体psf 剑叶衰老进程加快的一个重要生理特征,而轭合态IAA含量的下降,可能是高氮处理对水稻叶片衰老进程起到延缓作用的一个重要生理调节因素。 相似文献
2.
以叶片不同气孔密度(高、中和低气孔密度)水稻品系为试验材料,在齐穗期研究水稻剑叶光合特性、糖分含量和蔗糖代谢酶活性。结果表明,水稻叶片中蔗糖含量、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性与气孔密度呈极显著正相关;蔗糖合成酶活性与气孔密度呈显著正相关。高气孔密度水稻叶片Rubisco活性、净光合速率、蔗糖含量、蔗糖磷酸合成酶和蔗糖合成酶活性显著高于低气孔密度水稻;不同叶片气孔密度与中性转化酶呈显著负相关。研究认为,气孔密度增加提高了水稻叶片光合效率,促进了蔗糖积累及蔗糖代谢酶活性提高,有利于更多光合产物——蔗糖向籽粒转运。 相似文献
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Correlation of Leaf and Root Senescence During Ripening in Dry Seeded and Transplanted Rice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dry seeding is a resource-saving rice establishment method. With an equivalent yield, dry seeded flooded rice (DSR) has been considered as a replacement for traditional transplanted flooded rice (TFR). However, the differences in leaf and root senescence during grain filling between DSR and TFR were seldom identified. In this study, the root length, root tip number and leaf senescence of rice varieties Huanghuazhan and Yangliangyou 6 during ripening were compared between DSR and TFR. Results showed that top three leaves in DSR had the characteristics of relatively lower SPAD value, lower N content and premature leaf senescence. In addition, both the total root length and total root tip number of DSR were significantly lower than those of TFR. In conclusion, premature and quick leaf senescence was related with inadequate root length and root tip number during ripening, which might result from the deficiency of nitrogen supply in DSR. Techniques on improving leaf nitrogen status and delaying the leaf senescence during grain-filling in DSR should be developed in future researches. 相似文献
5.
杂交粳稻屉优418及其亲本灌浆期叶片内源激素含量变化与衰老之间的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以杂交水稻屉优418及其亲本屉锦和C418为材料,研究了生育后期叶片内源激素含量变化与衰老之间的关系。结果表明杂交水稻及其亲本剑叶中ABA、GA1/3、ZR和IAA含量变化趋势基本一致。3个材料的（GA1/3+ZR+IAA）/ABA的比值变化总的趋势也基本相同,前期较平稳,后期比值迅速下降。在生育后期,屉优418和C418的（GA1/3+ZR+IAA）/ABA比值下降速率较慢,与衰老相对较慢一致;而屉锦的（GA1/3+ZR+IAA）/ABA比值下降速率较快,与其衰老较快相一致。 相似文献
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不同叶色水稻叶片的衰老及对光强的响应 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以淡绿叶水稻近等基因系fgl及其正常叶色的轮回亲本浙辐 802为材料,比较了不同叶色水稻抽穗后叶片的衰老进程,并在水稻抽穗后施以不同强度的光照,研究水稻生育后期光照强度对不同叶色水稻叶片衰老的影响。在自然光强下,淡绿叶水稻fgl的衰老慢于轮回亲本浙辐 802,fgl的叶绿素、叶面积指数和净光合速率的下降速率均慢于浙辐 802,特别是在灌浆前期和后期;开花后浙辐 802的SOD活性下降和MDA含量的上升均快于fgl。15%的遮光处理有利于提高浙辐 802的气体交换特性和光合性能,提高SOD活性,降低MDA含量;而浅叶色的fgl的光合速率较稳定,受光强的影响较小。 相似文献
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水稻结实期间叶片衰老与膜脂过氧化的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以结实期间的稻为材料，在抽穗开花期通过剪去穗部部分枝梗和全穗等处理后，测定作为叶片衰老指标的叶绿素和蛋白质含量及作为膜脂过氧化指标的丙二醛含量的变化，探讨了水稻结实期间叶片衰老与膜脂过氧化之间的关系。试验结果指出，在水稻抽穗开花期间，剪去穗部枝梗或整个穗子，叶片中的叶绿素和蛋白质含量下降速率在处理后的7 d内就开始明显减慢，而MDA含量增加速率只有在处理7 d后才开始减缓，SOD活性并不因剪穗处理而有所提高。表明因剪穗(或穗部枝梗)而导致的叶绿素和蛋白质含量的变化早于MDA含量的变化，与SOD活性的变化无直接关系。说明在结实期间，水稻叶片在衰老过程中表现出的叶绿素和蛋白质含量的下降，并不主要是由于SOD的活性降低而导致膜脂过氧化作用增强所造成的结果，SOD活性下降和MDA含量的增加可能与叶绿素及蛋白质含量减少一样，只是叶片衰老开始后的一种结果，而非引起叶片衰老的原因。 相似文献
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Relationship Between Changes in Leaf Endogenous Hormone Contents and Senescence During Grain Filling Stage of a Rice Hybrid and its Parents 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A major problem in hybrid rice production is the occurrence of leaf senescence during the grain filling stage that can result in reduction of yield. Changes in contents of several endogenous hormones are related to leaf senescence. The relationship between endogenous hormones and leaf senescence in the rice hybrid Tiyou 418 and its parents Tijin and C418, was undertaken for investigation. Indicators of leaf senescence, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and chlorophyll content, as well as the contents of abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (ZR), gibberellin (GA1/3) and auxin (IAA) in the leaves were determined. Different rates of leaf senescence were observed in the three materials. Senescence occurred earliest and fastest in Tijin, followed by Tiyou 418 and then C418. A similar trend was recorded in ABA, ZR, and IAA contents during the grain filling stage in the three materials. Changes in (GA1/3 ZR IAA)/ABA ratios were also similar, being quite stable during the early stage of leaf senescence, and decreasing markedly during the late stage. The ratio declined more dramatically in Tijin, in accordance with its faster leaf senescence. The results suggest that the ratio of (GA1/3 ZR IAA)/ABA regulates chlorophyll content, SOD activity, MDA content and membrane lipid peroxidation. It is postulated that endogenous hormones may play a role in the regulation of leaf senescence in a systematic way. 相似文献
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高产氮高效型粳稻品种的叶片光合及衰老特性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选用6个具代表性的低产氮低效型、高产氮中效型和高产氮高效型粳稻品种,在各自最适氮素水平下,研究了叶片光合、衰老特性的差异及其与氮效率的关系。结果表明,高产类型群体叶面积指数(LAI)、高效叶面积率及有效叶面积率、剑叶叶绿素含量(SPAD值)和净光合速率以及剑叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著高于低产类型品种,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于低产类型。高产品种间比较,随着氮效率提升,生育前中期(够苗、拔节、齐穗期)群体叶面积指数下降,成熟期上升;灌浆前期(齐穗后0 d~10 d)剑叶净光合速率并未明显变化,灌浆中后期(齐穗后20 d~40 d)显著增高,主要原因如下：叶绿素分解少,保证了叶片对CO2的高同化能力;SOD活性高,保证了植株更强的抗氧化能力,MDA含量少,膜脂破坏程度低。说明抽穗前合理控制无效及低效叶面积生长以适当减小群体叶面积规模,抽穗后有效延缓植株衰老,以保证叶片持续较高的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,是促进水稻高产品种进一步提升氮效率的重要途径。 相似文献
10.
FANJin-juan LIXue-mei XUZheng-jin ZHANGLi-jun 《水稻科学》2004,11(4):200-204
A major problem in hybrid rice production is the occurrence of leaf senescence during the grain filling stage that can result in reduction of yield. Changes in contents of several endogenous hormones are related to leaf senescence. The relationship between endogenous hormones and leaf senescence in the rice hybrid Tiyou 418 and its parents Tijin and C418, was undertaken for investigation. Indicators of leaf senescence, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and chlorophyll content, as well as the contents of abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (ZR), gibberellin (GA1/3) and auxin (IAA) in the leaves were determined. Different rates of leaf senescence were observed in the three materials. Senescence occurred earliest and fastest in Tijin, followed by Tiyou 418 and then C418. A similar trend was recorded in ABA, ZR, and IAA contents during the grain filling stage in the three materials. Changes in (GA1/3 ZR IAA)/ABA ratios were also similar, being quite stable during the early stage of leaf senescence, and decreasing markedly during the late stage. The ratio declined more dramatically in Tijin, in accordance with its faster leaf senescence. The results suggest that the ratio of (GA1/3 ZR IAA)/ABA regulates chlorophyll content, SOD activity, MDA content and membrane lipid peroxidation. It is postulated that endogenous hormones may play a role in the regulation of leaf senescence in a systematic way. 相似文献
11.
叶片是植物进行光合作用的主要场所,其衰老由内源遗传发育信号和外界环境胁迫所启动,是一个非常复杂有序的调控过程。烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,NAD)是脱氢酶的辅酶,在糖酵解、糖异生、三羧酸循环以及呼吸链等代谢中发挥着不可替代的作用。最新研究表明,水稻NAD生物合成参与调控沉默信息调控因子Sirtuins的生物活性、组蛋白H3K9去乙酰化、植物激素茉莉酸(JA)和叶片衰老。本文综述了有关水稻叶片衰老的细胞生理特征、Sirtuins酶活、NAD生物合成以及水稻早衰的OsSRT1-NAD调控途径和OsSRT1-Me OH-JA调控途径,以期阐明水稻叶片衰老的分子机理及其调控途径,为高产育种提供相应的理论参考。 相似文献
12.
养分胁迫对籽粒灌浆期水稻叶片衰老影响的蛋白质组学分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用蛋白质组学分析技术,对养分胁迫下杂交水稻威优916功能叶片蛋白质组差异表达进行研究,以揭示养分胁迫影响籽粒灌浆期水稻衰老的分子机理。经双向电泳分离,从功能叶中获得34个差异表达蛋白质,其中26个蛋白质功能得到鉴定,包括11个参与光合作用蛋白质,4个参与呼吸作用蛋白质,10个参与抗氧化及信号传导蛋白质和1个未知功能蛋白质。分析结果表明,养分胁迫下,灌浆期水稻叶片光合作用及呼吸作用显著下降;清除活性氧类蛋白质表达量下调,活性氧生成蛋白质及胁迫信号传导蛋白质表达量上调,水稻抗性减弱,叶片中活性氧积累,水稻衰老加剧。 相似文献
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早稻直播覆膜旱作对灌浆成熟期根叶生理特性及产量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对早稻直播覆膜旱作与常规水作栽培对灌浆成熟期根叶生理特性及产量的影响进行了比较研究。与常规水作栽培水稻相比，直播覆膜旱作早稻千粒重显著下降，是导致产量明显下降的主要原因之一。而粒重的下降则主要归因于直播覆膜旱作较常规水作水稻灌浆成熟期根叶生理机能的衰退要快，表现为根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积指数、净光合速率等下降较快，叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶等保护酶活性迅速下降，而丙二醛含量较高，使籽粒干物质积累受阻，揭示出提高灌浆成熟期根叶生理机能是进一步提高直播覆膜旱作早稻粒重和最终产量的重要途径。 相似文献
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HUANG Fudeng ZHAO Chaoyue WU Xin HE Huanhuan CHENG Fangmin LI Chunshou PAN Gang 《中国水稻科学》1986,34(4):307-315
【Objective】Leaf is a main photosynthetic organ and its color mutants of rice are ideal materials for the study of photosynthesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis and metabolism, and chloroplast development in plants. 【Method】The mutant osyes1 (Oryza sativa yellow-leaf and early senescence 1) was obtained through 60Co γ-radiation treatment of indica cultivar Zixuan 1. The seedlings of osyes1 and its wild type were treated with exogenous H2O2. The SOD and CAT activities, ROS level, MDA content, soluble protein contents, chlorophyll contents, the net photosynthetic rate and chloroplast ultrastructure were analyzed for osyes1 and its wild type leaves at heading stage. The main agronomic traits of osyes1 and its wild type plants were analyzed under field conditions at maturation stage in Hangzhou. The recessive individuals in F2 population derived from osyes1/02428 were used to locate the gene by the map cloning method.【Results】The yellow-leaf and early-senescence symptoms started at 3- or 4-leaf stage, and gradually spread to all of the leaves after heading. Due to the early-senescence of the leaves of the mutant osyes1, its major agronomic traits including plant height, panicle length, grain number per panicle and the seed setting rate were markedly reduced. Moreover, the mutant osyes1 exhibited hyper-sensitivity to exogenous H2O2. The physiological analysis indicated that the contents of chlorophyll and the activities POD and CAT in the third-top leaf was significantly lower than those in the flag leaf and the second-top leaf in wild-type (WT) plants, but all of them in the mutant plants were significantly lower than those in its WT. Compared with the WT plants, the contents of MDA, H2O2 and O2− followed a steady increasing trend in the flag, second-top and third-top leaves of the mutant, while their soluble protein levels were progressively dropping. Genetic analysis confirmed that osyes1 was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, which was mapped to a region of 708 kb flanked by two SSR markers (RM21353 and RM21384) on the short arm of chromosome 7. 【Conclusion】In this work, the main agricultural traits were significantly reduced in osyes1 for the yellow leaf and early senescence. OsYES1 was located in a 708 kb range between RM21353 and RM21384 by map-based cloning strategy. 相似文献
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以高糖(GT35)和低糖(B8)甘蔗品种苗期不同部位的叶和茎为材料,采用HPLC技术测定蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量,分析2个甘蔗品种叶和茎中蔗糖代谢相关酶活性与糖分含量的相关性和差异性。结果表明:2个甘蔗品种苗期叶中蔗糖含量与SPS和SS-s酶活性呈显著正相关,茎中己糖含量与NI酶活性呈显著正相关,茎中蔗糖含量与SPS酶活性呈显著正相关,而与SS-c、SAI和CIN酶活性呈显著负相关。GT35茎中蔗糖含量显著高于B8,叶中蔗糖含量显著低于B8。GT35茎中SPS和叶中SS-s酶活性均显著高于B8,茎中SS-s和SS-c酶活性低于B8,其中只有幼茎中SS-c酶活性与B8差异不显著。说明苗期叶中高SS-s酶活性,茎中高SPS酶活性,低SS-s和SS-c酶活性,可能是调节高糖甘蔗品种苗期茎中蔗糖积累的重要因素。 相似文献
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实用转绿型叶色标记不育系白丰A的应用研究 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
用γ射线诱变Ⅱ32B干种子,筛选出苗期转绿型叶色突变体,并经回交选育,获得带转绿型叶色标记不育系白丰A。经考查,白丰A苗期第1~3叶表现叶片或叶缘白化,白化程度前2叶相对较高,4叶期开始转绿。该叶色突变性状受隐性单基因控制。白丰A主要花器性状和不育特性与Ⅱ32A相似,配合力仍保持Ⅱ32A的强优特点。不论稀播或密播,白丰A苗期生长均略慢于正常绿苗对照,但不会造成竞争致死。模拟杂交稻生产和制种繁种,表明利用苗期叶色标记结合人工去杂,可有效提高田间纯度。 相似文献
17.
Effects of Aerated Irrigation on Leaf Senescence at Late Growth Stage and Grain Yield of Rice 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
With the japonica inbred cultivar Xiushui 09,indica hybrid combinations Guodao 6 and Liangyoupeijiu as materials,field experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to study the effects of aerated irrigation on leaf senescence at late growth stage and grain yield of rice.The dissolved oxygen concentration of aerated water evidently increased and decreased at a slow rate.The soil oxidation-reduction potential under aerated irrigation treatment was significantly higher than that of the CK,contributing to significant increases in effective panicles,seed setting rate and grain yield.In addition,the aerated irrigation improved root function,increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased malondialdehyde content in flag leaves at post-flowering,which delayed leaf senescence process,prolonged leaf functional activity and led to enhanced grain filling. 相似文献
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Masaki Okamura Tatsuro Hirose Yoichi Hashida Ryu Ohsugi 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(1):102-110
While many plants accumulate the majority of their photoassmilates as starch during the daytime, some plants accumulate sucrose. Although the existence of these high-sucrose leaves, called ‘sugar leaves’, has long been known, the physiological characteristics of sugar leaves compared to ‘starch leaves’ remain unclear. In this study, the physiological roles of starch accumulation in rice, which has typical sugar leaves, were investigated using a mutant with suppressed leaf-starch biosynthesis. When grown under controlled conditions with light intensity of 400 μmol m?2 s?1, the initial growth of the mutant was similar to that of the wild-type plant, even with a 6-h-light/18-h-dark photoperiod in which carbon resources for growth are required during the night. This finding indicates that rice does not rely on leaf starch as a carbon resource during the night. By contrast, under field conditions, the grain yields of the mutant were significantly lower than those of the wild type only when the plants were exposed to full sunlight during the ripening period. These results may indicate that starch accumulation in sugar leaves plays an important role in maintaining a high source capacity under sufficient light conditions rather than as a carbon resource for the plant’s growth at night. 相似文献
20.
4PU－30延缓杂交水稻叶片衰老的生理基础 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
以汕优63连体和离体叶片为材料，研究了4PU-30对水稻叶片衰老进程及叶片内蛋白质、核酸含量和相关酶活力的调控效应。4PU-30能显著地延缓水稻叶片衰老，保绿效果明显。叶片中蛋白质和核酸含量及相关酶活力的变化表明，4PU-30控制叶片衰老过程中蛋白质水解酶和核糖核酸酶比活上升，减缓蛋白质和核酸的降解，是其延缓杂交水稻叶片衰老的主要生理基础之一。 相似文献