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1.
小粒野生稻对褐稻虱抗性机制的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过应用改良苗期群体筛选法，对小粒野生稻进行了抗性鉴定，并根据褐稻虱在抗性品种上的生存率、发育进度、蜜露分泌量、群体建立、虫体重量变化、卵巢发育程度、产卵量和稻株的受害级别等指标与感虫对照品种TN1上的差异显著性作比较，综合评定了小粒野生稻对褐稻虱的抗性机制。试验结果表明，小粒野生稻对褐稻虱的抗性级别为0级，属高抗褐稻虱。在小粒野生稻上，褐稻虱的生存率为18％，蜜露分泌量为6.04 mm2，群体建立为21.8头/对，体重增量为-0.33 mg，卵巢发育为2.9级，产卵量为29.67粒/雌;而在感虫对照品种TN1上，褐稻虱的生存率为82％，蜜露分泌量为46.8 mm2，群体建立为217.0头/对，体重增量为2.27 mg，卵巢发育为4.8级，产卵量为229.3粒/雌。由此可知，小粒野生稻对褐稻虱的抗性机制为抗生性和非选择性。 相似文献
2.
广西野生稻资源抗稻瘟病材料的鉴定与评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
经过3代自交纯化与稻瘟病抗性鉴定,在1500份普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)中发现38份抗病材料,在113份药用野生稻(O. officinalis Wall. ex Watt.)中发现18份抗病材料。普通野生稻和药用野生稻相同材料在不同年份的田间病区诱发鉴定中,各级抗性植株分布差异不显著,鉴定结果表现一致。与普通野生稻相比,广西药用野生稻抗性基因发生的频率显著较高、抗性稳定,是一种特殊抗性类型,从中获得具有重要利用价值的新抗性基因的可能性较大。研究还表明,自交提纯能够明显提高这两种野生稻的平均抗性水平。在田间病区诱发条件下,广西普通野生稻抗性材料出现的频率与地区居群的遗传多样性没有显著相关性。 相似文献
3.
利用功能标记鉴定普通野生稻中的白叶枯病抗性基因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以9个菲律宾白叶枯病菌小种对供试的9份普通野生稻（Oryza rufipogon Griff.）及1份高感白叶枯病材料IR24进行抗性鉴定,发现IR24对所有的菌株都表现为高感, 6份野生稻材料对9个菌株表现全抗,占参试野生稻总数的67%。取自广西玉林的1份材料只感PXO280(P8),海南万宁的1份材料感PXO71(P4),广州高州的1份材料对PXO79、PXO99和PXO339感病,而这几份材料对其余菌株都表现为抗病,说明每份材料至少含有1个抗性基因。利用已克隆的白叶枯病抗性基因xa5、xa13、Xa21和Xa27的功能标记检测,结果表明9份供试普通野生稻中都不含抗性基因xa5、Xa21;5份为显性Xa13纯合体,4份为隐性抗病xa13杂合体;5份为抗病显性Xa27纯合体,3份为隐性xa27纯合体,1份材料中xa27和Xa27都不存在。 相似文献
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大豆对食叶性害虫田间抗性的相对稳定性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在已有的7年工作基础上,以叶面积损失百分率为指标,继续于2000年和2001年对51份大豆材料开展了对食叶性害虫综合虫种抗性的鉴定工作.综合分析1993-2001年历年各次田间抗性鉴定结果,发现虽然每年抗性鉴定的结果并不完全一致,但各品种的抗性水平还是保持了一定的相对稳定性.通过对各年抗性鉴定分级结果的综合分析,结合9年综合抗性分级结果,确立了10个较为稳定、并具一定代表性的抗感材料,作为大豆对食叶性害虫田间综合虫种抗性鉴定的标准品种.分别是,抗性材料:吴江青豆3、PI227687、沔阳白毛豆、通山薄皮黄豆甲、赶泰-2-2;感性材料:山东大豆、大青瓤黑豆、矮杆黄、商丘7602和皖82-178. 相似文献
6.
为了筛选大麦抗白粉病资源,本研究了294份供试大麦品种2010-2012年度在昆明点的白粉病抗性表现,以及13份在昆明、丽江、保山和德宏4个不同生态试验点可正常成熟的大麦品种的田间白粉病抗性.294份大麦品种的鉴定结果表明,高抗品种6份,占供试材料的2.04％,抗病品种36份,占供试材料的12.24％,感病和高感品种252份,占供试材料的85.71％;在二棱大麦中高抗和抗病品种的比例达到19.61％,高于多棱大麦品种中高抗和抗病品种的比例.13个大麦品种在不同生态试验点的抗性分析结果表明,不同大麦品种和相同大麦品种在不同生态试验点的田间白粉病抗性存在明显差异.机械裸、义乌八角米麦、Gdcm4和新啤4号在昆明、丽江、保山和德宏均抗白粉病,可用作4个地区的推广品种或育种亲本. 相似文献
7.
《中国稻米》2020,(3)
水稻白叶枯病是主要的稻作病害之一。相关研究表明,疣粒野生稻高抗白叶枯病,甚至对白叶枯病免疫。为了探索病原菌发生变异情况下,疣粒野生稻抗性的变化情况,本研究利用收集的24个国内外白叶枯病菌系,采用孕穗期剪叶接种的方法,鉴定并评价了36份云南疣粒野生稻的抗病性。结果表明,参试的大部分材料表现为典型的白叶枯病症状,病斑为褐色,病斑长度0.00～0.30 cm;供试材料整体抗性水平较好,44.44%的材料对24个菌株抗性达到了高抗甚至免疫水平,其中,OM2-1在抗性和抗谱方面均表现最优;从居群来说,除景洪景讷和勐海勐往2个居群外,其余居群的抗性达到高抗甚至免疫的程度,耿马孟定的野生稻抗性表现最优;另外,大部分参试的疣粒野生稻杂合度高,同一居群的不同材料对白叶枯病的抗性差异大。 相似文献
8.
为掌握陕西省科企联合体小麦区试品种抗病性水平,对2019—2023年度连续5年参加联合体区试的114份品种,采用大田人工接种的方法进行小麦条锈病、白粉病、赤霉病、叶锈病和纹枯病等5种病害的抗性鉴定与评价。结果表明,供试的114份品种对鉴定的5种病害抗性程度差异较大,表现为对条锈病抗性水平较高,对白粉病和赤霉病抗性水平最差。供试品种中,对条锈病表现免疫-中抗的品种61份,占供试品种的53.51%;对白粉病表现免疫-中抗的品种27份,占供试品种的23.68%;对赤霉病表现抗-中抗的品种21份,占供试品种的18.42%;同时鉴定出2份对5种病害均表现抗病的品种,分别为西农968和金麦207。对21份高感条锈病的品种均按陕西省区试品种试验要求终止了试验。 相似文献
9.
大豆品种对四种腐霉菌的抗性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用种子腐烂测试法,用对大豆有致病性的4种腐霉菌对83个大豆栽培品种进行抗性鉴定.在参试材料中,有抗1种腐霉菌的材料,也有同时抗两2种以上腐霉菌的品种,并获得4个对4种腐霉菌都具有抗性的品种;对于单个腐霉菌而言,抗性材料数量不同.对于P.aphanidermatum表现抗性的材料有19个,占供试材料的22.3%;对P.sylvaticun表现为高抗的材料有34份,占供试材料的41.0%;对P.irregulare表现为高抗的材料有12份,占供试材料的14.5%;对P.ultimum表现为高抗的材料有32份,占供试材料的38.6%.在参试品种中,以抗P.sylvaticun和P.ultimum的材料较多,有20个品种,占参试品种的24.1%,这表明在现有大豆品种资源中有较丰富的抗源. 相似文献
10.
普通野生稻对水稻白叶枯病抗性的评价及遗传研究初报 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
重复评价了48份普通野生稻对3个白叶枯病菌系P1、HB84-17和T1的抗性。6份材料抗所有3个菌系，其中1个材料RBB16的抗性是相对稳定和纯合的。遗传研究表明RBB16对菌系P1、HB84-17和T1的全生育期抗性分别受制于2和3对显性基因，它们与显性基因Xa-4非等位,是否为新基因尚待进一步测定。抗性转育表明RBB16的抗性遗传效应较强。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
19.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
20.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献