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[目的]研究荒漠草原区出现灌丛化现象后,灌丛沙堆在退化生态系统中发挥的保育功能和防风固沙作用。[方法]该研究以浑善达克沙地3种典型荒漠草原灌丛长柄扁桃(Amygdaluspedunculatd)、小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)和狭叶锦鸡儿(Caragana stenophylla)为研究对象,通过测定分析3种灌丛形态参数、沙堆形态参数和灌丛下土壤颗粒分形维数,探讨其沙堆形态发育和土壤颗粒组成特征,以及与植物灌丛形态特性和固沙能力的关系。[结果]表明:3种典型灌丛沙堆均为圆锥状,其沙堆高度随沙堆半径的增加呈对数曲线增加,即在沙堆形态较小时,随着沙堆半径的增大,沙堆高度增加较快,而随着沙堆底面积不断增大,沙堆高度变化就会趋于稳定且增加速度降低,整个沙堆在水平方向的延伸速度大于垂直方向;沙堆形态参数之间以及与灌丛形态参数间表现出显著相关性,随着灌丛地上生物量的增加,沙堆高度、半径、底面积和体积均呈显著增加(P<0.05), 3种灌丛沙堆体积和固沙率差异性显著(P<0.05),表现为:小叶锦鸡儿〉狭叶锦鸡儿〉长柄扁桃;灌丛使降尘等细粒物质拦截或聚集在灌丛下,土壤颗粒分形维数与粒径(<0.1mm)颗粒含量呈显著的线性正相关关系;不同物种灌丛下土壤分形维数差异性显著(P<0.05),表现为:小叶锦鸡儿(2.346)>狭叶锦鸡儿(2.259)>长柄扁桃(2.149)>裸沙地(2.057)。[结论]灌丛越大,沙堆体积越大,灌丛下沉积细物质越多,土壤分形维数越大,植物固沙能力越强。 相似文献
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沙地人工植被恢复及其对土壤改良作用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对科尔沁沙地流动沙丘人工固沙植被恢复过程及对土壤改良作用的研究表明,在流动沙丘进行人工固沙时采用1.0 m×1.0 m草方格,播种小叶锦鸡儿具有较好的固沙效果,经过3～4 a可使沙丘表面得到固定。在围栏封育条件下实施适宜的植被恢复措施,可在2～3 a获得明显的固沙效果。小叶锦鸡儿人工固沙群落内土壤养分随群落的生长发育而发生变化,在0～30 cm土层中,有机质、速效钾、全氮、水解性氮、全磷、有效磷含量都表现为：11年生群落〉6年生群落〉流动沙丘。 相似文献
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2005年6-10月,在宁夏六盘山北侧叠叠沟小流域的不同坡面设置了93个调查样点,研究了土壤物理性质随土层深度、坡向、坡位及植被类型的变化.结果表明:(1)随土深增加,土壤密度和石砾含量逐渐增大,而土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量却逐渐减小,但非毛管孔隙度在100 cm以下土层时因石砾含量加大却随土深增加而增大;(2)各项土壤水文物理性质基本上均是阴坡优于半阴半阳坡和阳坡,半阴半阳坡与阳坡差别不大;(3)随着坡位下降,土壤厚度、土壤密度、石砾含量、非毛管孔隙度逐渐增大,总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度逐渐减小,各种持水量指标基本上也是程度不同地减小,但上坡的持水量指标大于阴坡坡顶;(4)4种植被类型0～30 cm土层的土壤密度为天然灌丛＜天然草地＜乔木林地＜退耕地;石砾含量为退耕地最低,其它3种植被类型差别不大;总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、饱和持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量均是天然灌丛＞天然草地＞乔木林地＞退耕地;非毛管孔隙度则是退耕地＞乔木林地＞天然灌丛＞天然草地.其次,还建立了土壤物理性质与海拔、坡向、坡度、坡位、土壤深度、地表植被覆盖度等之间的回归方程. 相似文献
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通过对祁连山大野口流域内不同海拔梯度上的冻土冻融监测,分析评估青海云杉林、灌丛、阳坡草地3种典型植被类型冻土冻融厚度和速率变化的差异。结果表明:(1)冻土深度上限最大值为灌丛冻土阳坡草地冻土青海云杉林冻土;冻土深度下限最大值为灌丛冻土青海云杉林冻土阳坡草地冻土。(2)冻土冻结期,青海云杉林冻土变化速率最大,其次阳坡草地冻土变化速率,灌丛冻土变化速率最慢;冻土消融期,灌丛冻土变化速率最大,其次阳坡草地冻土变化速率,青海云杉林冻土变化速率最慢。(3)青海云杉林冻土过程最长,其次为灌丛冻土,阳坡草地冻土过程时间最短。建议培育青海云杉与灌丛增强祁连山涵养水源功能。 相似文献
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《林业科学研究》2021,(4)
[目的 ]研究喀斯特白云岩区典型植被类型土壤水分的空间变化及分布规律,为石漠化地区植被快速恢复和生态重建提供科学依据。[方法 ]以贵州省普定县喀斯特白云岩草地、灌丛、人工林和天然次生林4种不同植被类型土壤为研究对象,于2019年11月利用网格法分0～10 cm和10～20 cm土层进行土壤取样并分析,利用经典统计学和地统计学方法分析土壤水分含量及其空间变异特征。[结果 ](1)除草地和人工林之间差异不显著外,不同植被类型间土壤水分含量呈极显著差异(p 0.01),土壤水分含量从高到低依次为:天然次生林草地人工林灌丛,最大值(40.22%)是最小值(18.59%)的2.16倍,变异系数为5.34%～29.42%。(2)草地和灌丛浅层土壤水分半变异函数的最优模型为高斯模型,深层土壤为指数模型,人工林和天然次生林均为指数模型,草地变程最小(4.24 m),而人工林变程最大(16.48 m),灌丛基台值最大(14.42),天然次生林块金值最大(1.27)。(3)土壤水分含量最高值均发生于样地内上半部,深层土壤水分含量高于浅层土壤,且同种植被类型在0～20 cm土层有相似的空间分布格局。(4)土壤水分含量与土壤总孔隙度成正相关,与土壤密度成负相关,植被类型也在一定程度上影响土壤水分含量,但并非随植被的正向演替而增加。[结论 ]不同植被类型土壤水分空间结构明显,有强烈的空间自相关性,4种植被类型中天然次生林土壤水分含量最高,草地土壤水分连续性最差,人工林土壤水分连续性最好,同种植被类型在0～20 cm土层水分分布相似。在相同气象条件下,植被类型、坡位、土壤密度和孔隙度可能是影响土壤水分含量分布的重要因子。 相似文献
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通过对含有鄂西箬竹的4种植被,即针阔混交林、次生阔叶林、疏灌丛及草甸的样地调查,比较分析了箬竹群落的区系构成,生活型、群落结构及竹类生存状况。20年前的针叶树种的采伐提升了样地的物种多样性,但影响了其下层植物箬竹的生存。疏灌丛比其背景植被草甸含有更高的物种多样性和更多的地下芽植物,然而疏灌丛下的箬竹长势更好。箬竹偏喜于缓坡上具有中等盖度的植被环境。发生于次生阔叶林中的箬竹群体开花预示着在整个神农架亚高山生境的箬竹将在未来的几年内同时开花死亡。这不仅会改变现存竹类立地的区系构成和群落结构,同时也会波及到这一稀有物种的生存问题。 相似文献
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《内蒙古林业科技》2017,(4)
本研究对科尔沁沙地生物结皮与差巴嘎蒿灌木林、小叶锦鸡儿灌木林、樟子松疏林、草地、裸沙0~180 cm土壤层的水分进行调查。研究表明:雨后10 d生物结皮样地的耗水率比差巴嘎蒿灌木林、小叶锦鸡儿灌木林、樟子松林、草地和裸沙样地分别降低64.00%、76.85%、61.17%、78.21%和19.07%;生物结皮样地相对其他植被覆盖样地在不同层次(0~40 cm、80~180 cm)土壤的耗水量最低,40~80 cm土壤层裸沙样地耗水量最低,但与生物结皮样地没有差异性;雨后第4 d差巴嘎蒿灌木林、小叶锦鸡儿灌木林、樟子松林、草地样地在0~40 cm土壤层水分显著开始下降,裸沙样地在20~40 cm土壤层,生物结皮样地在0~20 cm土壤层水分含量显著降低;差巴嘎蒿灌木林样地80~100 cm土壤层从第3 d开始水分显著下降,小叶锦鸡儿灌木林样地在100~120 cm、140~180 cm土壤层从第2 d开始水分显著下降,樟子松林样地在60~120 cm土壤层从第3 d开始水分显著下降,草地样地在40~60 cm、80~100 cm土壤层从第3 d开始水分显著下降。 相似文献
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《Forest Ecology and Management》2001,147(1):39-53
In three different plant communities growing in Mediterranean old fields we studied the short-term changes in soil nitrogen availability that occur after the fire. Two of these communities were grasslands with great capacity of resprouting and contrasted N availability, one dominated by Brachypodium retusum, and the second one dominated by B. retusum and the N fixing shrub Genista scorpius. The third community was an obligate seeder community (shrubland) with low N availability and was dominated by Rosmarinus officinalis. We selected six plots for each type of vegetation and therefore performed 18 experimental fires. During fires we measured temperatures at the soil surface. Maximum temperature recorded during fire and time–temperature integral were used as indexes of fire severity. During the 6 months following fires we measured Net N mineralization and plant uptake by field incubations using the resin-core technique in paired burnt and control plots.Fire severity increased with plant biomass. In grasslands heating of the soil surface increased with plant biomass up to a limit of 1 kg m−2 of above-ground biomass. For high biomass a large proportion of heat released during fire was probably transmitted to the atmosphere or to the deeper soil horizons. The increase of soil mineral N was larger in fires of greater severity. Most mineral nitrogen released to the soil during fire was ammonia. Increases of ammonia post-fire depends on the temperatures measured on the soil surface while increases of the less volatile N form (nitrate) were related to the amount of burnt biomass and were highly dependent on the type of vegetation.The amount of nitrogen released to soil during fire represented a small proportion of the N mineralized during the 6 months following fire and thus the amount of nitrogen mineralized per unit of N released during fire was very different across the different types of vegetation. In grasslands fire induced changes in N mineralization decreased as fire severity increased. In contrast, in shrublands we observed the opposite trend. Differences in potentially mineralizable and in net mineralization N between unburnt grasslands and shrublands could account for this fact. Despite the depression in nitrification that we observed in grasslands between 40 and 80 days after the fire, high nitrate concentration in the soil during that period increased N leaching in burnt plots. No plant uptake was detected at that time. In grasslands the onset of plant uptake in burnt plots was delayed as compared to control. Cumulative changes in N did not depend on the burnt biomass in grassland communities, but it did in the seeder community. On the contrary, soil temperatures measured during fires related to changes in N observed in grasslands but not in the seeder community. It appears therefore, that post-fire N mineralization and leaching in grasslands may have been driven by the changes induced by heating the soil surface while in shrublands it may have been driven by the quantity of ash deposited on the soil surface. 相似文献
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Kebin Zhang Rui Li Yunfang Liu Baitian Wang Xiaohui Yang Ruiping Hou 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2008,3(3):326-333
The spatial distribution characteristics of plant communities in a wetland-dry grassland ecosystem in arid and semi-arid regions
in northwestern China and the main factors affecting the distribution pattern were studied. The Siertan wetland in the Haba
Lake Nature Reserve was the study area. Four transect lines, each about 1 km long, were set up in the growing season along
the biotope gradient in four directions: east, northeast, west and northwest. Attributes measured include frequency of occurrence,
height, density, coverage, biomass and environmental soil factors. The data were analyzed using a two-way indicative species
analysis (TWINSPAN), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and Spearman correlation coefficients. On this basis, the vegetation
in the Siertan wetland was classified into three types and 14 associations. The first vegetation type was halophytic marsh
vegetation, mainly distributed in the wetland zone. This type largely contains halophyte and hygric plants and its representative
association is Phragmites communis + Kalidium foliatum. The second type was meadow vegetation, distributed in the ecotone. The meadow vegetation species are mainly mesophytic and
their representative association is Nitraria tangutorum + Pennisetum flaccidum. The third vegetation type is grassland vegetation, which mainly consists of mesophytic and xerophytes, distributed in the
arid grassland zone. The representative association of the third vegetation type is the association of Anaeurolepidium secalium + Saussurea runcinata. Correlation analysis between the axes of DCA and environmental soil factors shows that soil moisture content, organic matter,
soil salt content and total nitrogen are the main environmental factors affecting the pattern of vegetation distribution along
the biotope gradients from wetland to arid grassland. Other factors affecting the vegetation are microtopography and grazing
pressure. Additionally, we have reported modifications and improvements to the importance value methodology.
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Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2008, 30(1): 6–13 [译自: 北京林业大学学报] 相似文献
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Polylepis forests are one of the most endangered high mountain ecosystems of South America and reforestation with native Polylepis species has been highly recommended. Greenhouse bioassays were set up to determine the influence of three different soils on growth and phosphorous nutrition of Polylepis australis seedlings. Soils were collected from a grassland, a rare mature forest and a forest degraded due to repeated fires. We identified the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) present in the three soils and after 12 months we harvested the seedlings to evaluate root and shoot biomass, plant P content and root colonization by native AMF and dark septate endophytes (DSE). The soil inocula contained 26 AMF morphospecies. Grassland inoculum showed the highest AMF richness, and mature forest showed a different AMF community assembly from grassland and degraded forest inocula. Root biomass and root colonization were highest in seedlings inoculated with mature forest soil, meanwhile shoot biomass and plant P content were similar between all treatments. AMF colonization correlated negatively with DSE and root biomass was negatively correlated with DSE colonization, thus these fungal symbionts could be competing for resources. Our results indicate that AMF inoculum from the mature forest stand has the potential to improve P. australis performance, probably due to the dominance of Glomeraceae and Acaulosporaceae families. However, other soil microorganisms could be together with AMF in the natural inocula, affecting the growth response of P. australis seedlings. Future studies evaluating the effect of these inocula under field conditions should be carried out. 相似文献
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Strategies of plant N acquisition among coexisting species are critical for many aspects of ecosystems with differential uptake of various N forms as one of these strategies, but much debate still exists. In the present study, strategic N uptake of nitrate and ammonium by 30 dominant species were investigated over two post-agricultural succession sequences in a calcareous karst area, southeast China. Each sequence includes grassland, shrubland, secondary forest and primary forest. Proportional contribution of nitrate and ammonium to plant N was estimated using isotopic mixing calculation. N uptake preference for the two N forms was assessed by comparing assimilation and availability of the N forms. The proportional contribution to plant N was much greater for nitrate than ammonium for the investigated species except three species (Monochoria vaginalis, Boehmeria dolichostachya and Miscanthus floridulus) for which the difference was not significant. Correlation analysis revealed that the contribution to plant N by a particular N form was linearly and positively related to its concentrations in soil. The proportional contribution to plant N by nitrate and ammonium increased logarithmically and decreased exponentially, respectively, as soil nitrate to ammonium ratio increased. N form uptake preference varied according to communities, but was consistent for the coexisting species within each community. The results indicate that the coexisting species share a similar strategy in their uptake of nitrate and ammonium during post-agricultural succession in the calcareous karst region, southwest China. 相似文献
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在晋西黄土区,研究了荒草地、锦鸡儿灌木林地和刺槐乔木林地3种典型植被不同土层的土壤密度、含水量、贮水能力和入渗性能的差异及其相关性,结果显示:3种植被类型都能有效减小表层(0 20 cm)土壤密度;3种植被类型表层(0 20 cm)的土壤滞留贮水量较大,锦鸡儿林地(198.80 t·m-3)刺槐林地(166.10 t·m-3)荒草地(87.37 t·m-3),20 40 cm土层的土壤滞留贮水量也是锦鸡儿林地(127.30 t·m-3)刺槐林地(55.60 t·m-3)荒草地(47.30 t·m-3),表明在3种植被类型中,锦鸡儿林地对晋西黄土丘陵区土壤水分的涵养作用最强;锦鸡儿林地的土壤稳渗速率最大,为1.80 mm·min-1,刺槐林地次之,为1.46 mm·min-1,荒草地依然最小,且锦鸡儿林地土壤的均渗速率最大,为4.81 mm·min-1,其次是刺槐林地,为4.51 mm·min-1,荒草地最小。土壤密度与滞留贮水量呈极显著负相关关系,与土壤初渗速率和均渗速率呈极显著负相关关系,与稳渗速率呈显著负相关关系,非毛管孔隙度与稳渗速率和均渗速率存在极显著相关关系。Kostiakov模型和Horton模型对晋西黄土区3种植被类型土壤入渗过程模拟的拟合系数高达0.97和0.95,明显优于Philip模型(0.43)。 相似文献
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Artemisia ordosica is an excellent sand-fixing shrub for sand stabilization in northwestern China. Sand dune stabilization, a critically important process, leads changes in abiotic factors, such as soil structure and nutrient contents. However, the effects of factors on an A. ordosica community following sand stabilization remain unclear. In this study, we used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to examine the relationships between A. ordosica communities and environmental factors at three habitats: semi-fixed dune (SF), fixed dune with low-coverage biological soil crust (F), and fixed dune with high-coverage biological soil crust (FC) in Mu Us desert. The mean height and coverage of plants increased with sand stabilization, while species diversity and richness increased initially and then reduced significantly. Correlation analysis and CCA revealed that slope, soil organic carbon, and nutrient contents, proportion of fine soil particles, soil moisture, and thickness of biological soil crust were all highly correlated with vegetation characteristics. These environmental factors could explain 40.42 % of the vegetation–environment relationships at the three habitats. The distribution of plant species was positively related to soil moisture in the SF dune. Soil moisture, soil nutrient, and fine-particle contents mainly affected plants distribution in the F dune. In the FC dune, distribution of plant species was positively and negatively correlated with the thickness of biological soil crust and soil moisture at a depth 0–20 cm, respectively. The dominance value of typical steppe species increased significantly following sand-dune stabilization and relations between species and samples in CCA ordination bi-plots showed that perennial grasses could invade the A. ordosica community on FC, indicating A. ordosica communities had a tendency to change into typical steppe vegetation with the further fixation. We conclude that the significant differentiation not only occurred in community characteristics, but also in the relationships between vegetation and environmental factors among the three stages of dune fixation. So, restoration of degraded dune ecosystems should be based on habitat conditions and ecological needs. 相似文献
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The effect of thinning on microbial biomass C, N and basal respiration in black pine forest soils in Mudurnu, Turkey 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
İlyas Bolat 《European Journal of Forest Research》2014,133(1):131-139
Reducing the canopy cover (e.g., forest thinning) is one of the most commonly employed forest silvicultural treatments. Trees are partially removed from a forest in order to manage tree competition, thus favoring the remaining and often the most valuable trees. The properties of the soil are affected by forest thinning as a result of changes in key microclimatic conditions, microbial communities and biomass, root density, nutrient budgets and organic matter turnover. The aim of this study was to determine the soil microbial biomass C, N and respiration (basal respiration) in a black pine (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana) forest in the Mudurnu district of Bolu Province (Western Black Sea Region, Turkey). Whereas forest thinning was found to cause increases in the soil temperature, microbial biomass C and N and organic C, it was found to decrease the soil moisture, basal respiration and metabolic quotient (qCO2). As expected, soil organic C exhibited a strong impact on soil microbial biomass C, N and basal respiration. It was concluded that the influence of forest thinning on the microbial biomass and soil respiration was the combined result of changing microclimatic conditions and soil properties, such as forest litter, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil pH and soil organic matter. 相似文献
18.
通过半人为控制模拟试验研究了土壤含氮量及黄花鸢尾、睡莲、芦苇、杞柳4种湿地植物含氮量不同月份的差异及土壤含氮量对植物含氮量和生物量的影响,分析了土壤含氮量与植物含氮量、生物量之间的相关关系.结果表明:当土壤施氮量为80g·m-2时,黄花鸢尾和睡莲含氮量达到最大,分别为(19.93±4.63)、(60.49±7.75)g·kg-1;种植黄花鸢尾和睡莲筛选池内土壤含氮量整体呈下降的变化趋势,杞柳和芦苇筛选池内土壤含氮量先降低后升高,9月份达最低值,分别为(0.89±0.14)、(0.82±0.15)g·kg-1;4种湿地植物生物量的变化存在一定的时间差异;湿地土壤含氮量对不同植物生物量的影响不同,睡莲和杞柳生物量与土壤含氮量之间呈线性相关.4种湿地植物含氮量与土壤含氮量之间存在一定的相关性,其中,杞柳、芦苇含氮量与土壤氮含量之间呈线性相关. 相似文献
19.
Xin Li Haosheng Pang Minglong Sun Xiuli Zhang Nan Xu 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2018,33(2):103-113
The aim of this study was to compare soil bacterial communities in the Great Xing’an Mountains that represent three dominant vegetation types (Quercus mongolica forest, shrub mixed with herb and grassland). Soil bacterial communities were analyzed by both culture-dependent physiological profiling (Biolog) and culture-independent DNA-based approaches. The Q. mongolica forest and shrub mixed with herb had higher average well color development than the grassland, and the Q. mongolica forest and shrub mixed with herb soil bacterial communities easily utilized miscellaneous and amines/amides. The bacterial community structure was distinct across the three sites. Most of Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were found in grassland soil, while Firmicutes was present at a higher percentage in the Q. mongolica soil. Extracellular enzyme assays indicated that the soil ecosystem in the grassland experienced altered N and P nutrient cycling dynamics. pH, available phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen were important in shaping bacterial community structure. These results suggest that vegetation type was a strong determinant of the structure and function of bacterial communities, which may subsequently lead to significant changes in ecosystem functioning. 相似文献
20.
ZHAO Qiong ZENG De-hui FAN Zhi-ping 《林业研究》2008,19(1):44-48
A laboratory simulated freeze-thaw was conducted to determine the effects of freeze-thaw on soil nutrient availability in temperate semi-arid regions. Soil samples were collected from sandy soils （0-20 cm） of three typical ecosystems （grassland, Mongolian pine plantation and poplar plantation） in southeastern Keerqin Sandy Lands of China and subjected to freeze-thaw treatment （-12℃ for 10 days, then r 20℃ for 10 days） or incubated at constant temperature （20℃ for 20 days）. Concentrations of the soil NO3^--N, NH4^＋-N, NaHCO3 extractable inorganic P （LPi） and microbial biomass P （MBP） were determined on three occasions： at the start of the incubation, immediate post-thawing and at the 10th day post-thawing. The results showed that soil net nitrification and N mineralization rates at three sites were negatively affected by freeze-thaw treatment, and decreased by 50%-85% as compared to the control, of which the greatest decline occurred in the soil collected from poplar plantation. In contrast, the concentration of soil NH4^＋-N, NaHCO3 extractable inorganic P （LPi） and microbial biomass P were insignificantly influenced by freeze-thaw except that LPi and NH4^＋-N showed a slight increase immediate post-thawing. The effects of freeze-thaw on soil N transformation were related to soil biological processes and the relatively constant available P was ascribed to severe soil aridity. 相似文献