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杉木间伐材ACQ防腐与综合强化复合改性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在将ACQ与UF树脂调制成相容的复合改性剂对杉木间伐材进行复合改性研究的基础上,深入探索复合改性的机理与综合效果.对浸渍材与表面密实化处理相结合的优化工艺,当弦向压缩率为20%时各项力学性能指标均比素材增加51%以上;进行浸渍处理与ACQ或UF单独处理材经煮沸和抗水、酸、碱抽提的抗流失性对比试验及防腐试验,表明前者比后者有所提高;并采用铜离子跟踪法进行X-射线荧光光谱仪定量分析,测定了浸渍材复合改性剂的含量和分布情况,确认了一次性浸渍优化工艺参数的较佳效果. 相似文献
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《辽宁林业科技》2017,(2)
将不同质量分数的纳米SiO_2在超声波作用下与脲醛树脂溶液共混制作杨木强化材,测试其TVOC与甲醛释放量及力学性能,并利用扫描电镜/能谱仪分析纳米SiO_2添加量影响处理材环保性能和力学性能的机理。结果显示:纳米SiO_2的添加可以有效地降低处理材TVOC和甲醛的释放量、提高力学强度,且添加量显著地影响强化材TVOC和甲醛的去除率及力学性能。随着用量的增加,对TVOC、甲醛的控制效率和试件力学性能随之升高,但当添加量达0.5%后,以上各项性能有所降低。当纳米SiO_2添加量为0.5%时,对杨木处理材的TVOC和甲醛的控制效果最佳,且力学强度最佳。扫描电镜/能谱仪分析结果显示:纳米SiO_2的添加不影响脲醛树脂在木材中的渗透性,但当纳米SiO_2添加量达到1.0%时,从电镜扫描图上可明显观察到纳米颗粒与树脂聚集形成的团状颗粒,导致其处理效率降低。 相似文献
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《林业工程学报》2021,6(2)
为了明确石蜡对铜唑(CA)浸渍木材及处理材耐褐腐性能的影响,配制了不同质量分数的CA处理液和石蜡处理液,以及不同质量分数比例的CA/石蜡复配处理液,然后分别处理南方松试材,并考察浸渍效果和抗流失性,同时基于褐腐质量损失率以及扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射方法,对试材的耐褐腐性能进行分析。结果表明:石蜡不会对CA的浸渍效果产生明显影响,并可有效增强CA的抗流失性,而随着石蜡质量分数提高,CA抗流失性提升更明显,且0.3%C/2.0%W处理组的抗流失性相对最优。对于不同CA质量分数的复配处理材,随着石蜡质量分数增加,质量损失率均逐渐降低,且整体处于2%～10%之间,耐腐等级达Ⅰ级(强耐腐)。微观上,经一定质量分数复配溶液处理的木材体现出优异的耐褐腐性能,细胞保持完整,纤维素及半纤维素降解不明显。该研究将为防腐剂与防水剂复配处理木材提供科学参考,同时推动二者在木材改性中发挥更高效的协同作用。 相似文献
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崔爱玲黄涛翟炜程康华 《木材科学与技术》2013,(4):46-49
为开发防霉效果优良的木材用防霉剂,对2-氨基甲酸甲酯苯并咪唑(多菌灵,MBC)进行改性,得到2-氨基甲酸甲酯-5-甲基苯并咪唑(MMBC)。经检测MMBC处理材的防霉性和抗流失性,结果表明:MMBC的防霉性优于传统防霉剂五氯酚钠,且流失率较改性前有所降低。 相似文献
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利用纳米SiO_2表面羟基,与不同的硅烷偶联剂以及叔胺反应制得了2种季铵化纳米Si0_2,对产物进行了表征、抑菌性评价,并对产物浸渍改性处理后竹材的疏水性进行研究。结果表明:1)2种合成方法均制得了季铵化纳米Si0_2,Zeta电位为正值,平均粒径QASN-1纳米SiO_2QASN-2。2)抑菌圈试验表明,季铵化纳米SiO2_对竹材8种主要侵害菌有不同程度的抑制作用。3)经过改性的竹块表面由亲水性变为疏水性,且水接触角减小的速度要小于改性前的。由此可见,季铵化纳米Si0_2可用于竹材的侵害菌防护和防水。 相似文献
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为提高竹材在户外使用时的抗生物劣化性能,延长使用寿命,以毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)为原料,以氟硼酸钠和二癸基二甲基氯化铵(DDAC)为浸渍药剂,采用两步法复合浸渍处理竹材,研究在不同氟硼酸钠:DDAC摩尔比条件(1:0.5,1:1,1:1.5)下处理竹材的吸水吸湿性、抗生物劣化性和硼的抗流失性等性能。结果表明:处理后竹材的抗生物劣化性能与抗流失性能均有显著提高。随着浸渍液中DDAC的摩尔比增大,处理材的吸水率逐渐降低,防霉性和耐腐性提高,抗水流失性和防水效率增强。当氟硼酸钠:DDAC=1:1.5时(P-D1.5组),竹材的综合性能较优。 相似文献
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采用纳米有机蒙脱土,以水溶性酚醛树脂为复合介质,在真空加压条件下对软银叶树(Heritiera borneensis)和红山樟(Dryobanops aromatica)2种实木地板坯料进行纳米复合处理.结果表明,纳米材料用于实木地板提高其性能可行,2种地板处理增重率约为7％,阻湿率提高37％以上,吸水率改善幅度达26.2％以上,阻燃效果也得到了提高,氧指数提高了15％,耐磨性得到改善,固化定型后的抗流失性较好,20℃水时的抗流失性在0.6％以下,80℃水时的抗流失性在2％以下,纳米复合处理对地板的环保性能基本无影响. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):139-149
Mean age, mean and top heights and yield were studied in 20 mixed stands of birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. and nine mixed stands of birch and Pinus sylvestris L. in south-eastern Norway. Each mixed stand and the adjacent pure coniferous stand (control) were growing under the same site conditions and had not been commercially thinned. There were no significant differences in mean age at breast height or in top heights between birch and conifers in the mixed stands, while mean height was significantly higher for birch than for spruce. A growth index was calculated based on total volume and age at breast height. For the spruce sites the growth in young mixed stands (birch < 17 m) was superior to that of pure spruce, while the difference was insignificant in older stands. The growth index correlated positively with the ratio between generatively and vegetatively regenerated birch trees, and negatively with the age of the oldest species in the mixture and with site quality. For the pine sites there was no significant difference in the growth index between mixed birch-pine and pure pine stands. A mixture effect of birch on the volume yield of spruce or pine could not be demonstrated. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):150-157
An outbreak of the needle-shortening pine gall midge, Thecodiplosis brachyntera , occurred on Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.) and lodgepole pine, P. contorta (Dougl.) in central Sweden during 1995-1998. The larval feeding of T. brachyntera kills current-year needles and heavy infestation causes severe defoliation. A pattern of fluctuating defoliation among years and sites was found on both pine species. Defoliation was evenly distributed in the crown of P. sylvestris during years of high as well as low infestation; apical whorls had as much defoliation as basal whorls. In P. contorta , however, there was a tendency for defoliation to be concentrated on branches in the most apical whorls. Growth ring increments on P. sylvestris with high levels of defoliation (71%) did not differ from trees with moderate levels (26%) of defoliation. Shoot lengths were significantly shorter, however, on heavily infested trees the year after defoliation. 相似文献