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1.
葡萄贮藏中有机酸代谢与果实褐变的关系 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
葡萄的褐变与其有机酸的代谢密切相关,褐变的程度与有机酸含量下降的梯度成正比。有机酸含量的降低使pH向碱性方向移动,从而诱发多酸氧化酶的活性,引起褐变。所以一定含量的有机酸是保持果实品质、防止酶促褐变的重要因素。贮藏期间,无核白葡萄有机酸含量急剧减少,pH环境变化剧烈,果实褐变程度最重;喀什哈尔葡萄有机酸贮备的绝对值虽然小于无核白,但下降平缓,变化幅度小,所以褐变程度小于无核白;木纳格葡萄有机酸的损失最少,pH环境变化细微,无褐变发生。所以多酚氧化酶引起果实褐变与有机酸损失率有密切关系。 相似文献
2.
《干旱区资源与环境》2018,(4):126-131
为研究尼洋河流域不同水体电导率变化特征及其影响因素,2014年8月在尼洋河流域采集样品89组,对水样的电导率、pH和水温进行了现场测试,并记录样品采集时的气温及采样点高程。电导率变化范围为16.2~414μS·cm~(-1)之间,平均为118.2μS·cm~(-1),pH变化范围为6.68~8.19之间,平均为7.29;气温变化范围为12.1~24.8℃之间,平均为19.7℃,水温变化范围为5-19.6℃之间,平均为13.5℃,高程变化范围为2930~5100m之间,平均为3427m。运用数理统计、相关关系矩阵等方法对数据进行了分析,结果表明尼洋河流域电导率沿流向呈递减趋势,主要是由于pH、气温及水温的变化引起,pH与电导率有较强的相关关系,相关常数为-0.398,主要是由于pH的减小使矿物质溶解增多,从而导致电导率增大。 相似文献
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为了探讨越冬期树干形成层温度变化对形成层组织生理参数的影响,以库尔勒香梨为实验材料,在太阳辐射和气温达到日最大值的时间段,利用控温红外灯将实验组树干阳面形成层温度分别增温达到16℃、19℃、22%、25℃、28℃、31℃、34℃,采用热电偶温度传感器同时连续监测形成层温度并结合主要生理参数的变化,分析越冬期间树干形成层温度变化引起的融冻交替对树干组织主要生理参数的影响。结果表明,增温达到最大阳面形成层温度日较差的处理条件下,SOD、POD和CAT活性比对照分别降低了83.60%、84.62%、47.56%,相对电导率和可溶性蛋白含量分别升高了41.46%、46.81%;生理指标和形成层温度均呈负相关,其中CAT、可溶性蛋白和相对电导率呈显著性负相关。形成层温度日较差或融冻交替幅度与各生理参数均呈负相关,其中CAT、可溶性蛋白和相对电导率呈显著性负相关。保护酶系中,SOD对形成层温度变化最为敏感;虽然POD保护作用稍微迟钝,但在较强烈的形成层温度变化的条件下起到最好的保护作用;在形成层温度强烈波动的情况下,CAT保持最小变化幅度;可溶性蛋白通过调节渗透势,减轻细胞伤害程度。 相似文献
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通过大量的野外调查以及实地测点,以新疆塔里木盆地北缘渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为典型区,研究该绿洲土壤特征(电导率、含盐量等)在空间的分布规律,运用相关分析和回归分析方法研究该绿洲土壤特征之间的耦合关系。分析结果表明:土壤含盐量、电导率和TDS在0-10 cm、10-30 cm、30-50 cm均有强变异性,pH值在各个土层均为弱变异性,而含水量则表现为中等变异性;含盐量与电导率、TDS之间正相关关系极显著,而与含水量有一定的正相关性,与pH值有一定的负相关性;通过回归分析发现,土壤溶液电导率和TDS的值可直接反映含盐量的大小,而土壤pH值和含水量则不能反映土壤盐渍化程度的高低。 相似文献
6.
为了研究温带固定半固定沙漠土壤化学性质与地表植被的关系,本文以古尔班通古特沙漠西南缘莫索湾地区沙漠-绿洲过渡带为研究区,分别选取植被覆盖度为10%和15%的半固定沙垄及植被覆盖度为30%的固定沙垄。采集了各沙垄不同地貌部位的土壤样品,室内测试了土壤pH、电导率、有机质、全氮和全磷等指标。结果表明:①随着植被覆盖度下降,沙垄西坡、坡顶和东坡,土壤pH、电导率、有机质、全氮和全磷呈逐渐降低趋势;②不同地貌部位的分布格局各沙垄表现不一致,沙垄A和沙垄B的pH、电导率、有机质、全氮和全磷含量最大值均出现在垄间地,其他部位之间没有明显的规律,沙垄C的pH和电导率最大值出现在垄间地,而土壤养分含量在坡顶部位富集;③各沙垄不同土层土壤性质分布规律相对一致,土壤pH、电导率随着土层深度的增加呈上升的趋势,而土壤养分随着土层深度的增加而降低;④土壤化学性质空间分布异质性与植被的分布格局密切相关,相互影响,当植被覆盖度较高时,生物作用起主导作用,当植被覆盖度较低时,风蚀、地形等非生物因素作用加强,影响生物作用,植被对土壤颗粒和养分的拦截及富集作用逐渐减弱或消失。 相似文献
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为了研究温带固定半固定沙漠土壤化学性质与地表植被的关系,本文以古尔班通古特沙漠西南缘莫索湾地区沙漠–绿洲过渡带为研究区,分别选取植被覆盖度为10%和15%的半固定沙垄及植被盖度为30%的固定沙垄。采集了各沙垄不同地貌部位的土壤样品,室内测试了土壤pH、电导率、有机质、全氮和全磷等指标。结果表明：①
随着植被覆盖度下降,沙垄西坡、坡顶和东坡,土壤pH、电导率、有机质、全氮和全磷呈逐渐降低趋势;②
不同地貌部位的分布格局各沙垄表现不一致,沙垄A和沙垄B的 pH、电导率、有机质、全氮和全磷含量最大值均出现在垄间地,其他部位之间没有明显的规律,沙垄C 的pH和电导率最大值出现在垄间地,而土壤养分含量于坡顶部位富集;③
各沙垄不同土层土壤性质分布规律相对一致,土壤pH、电导率随着土层深度的增加呈上升的趋势,而土壤养分随着土层深度的增加而降低;④
土壤化学性质空间分布异质性与植被的分布格局密切相关,相互影响,当植被覆盖度较高时,生物作用起主导作用,当植被覆盖度较低时,风蚀、地形等非生物因素作用加强,影响生物作用,植被对土壤颗粒和养分的拦截及富集作用逐渐减弱或消失。 相似文献
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采用盆栽试验研究干旱胁迫对蒙原欧李光合参数和叶肉细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明:与正常供水(CK)相比,在轻度干旱(LD)胁迫下,蒙原欧李净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和水分利用效率(WUE)显著降低,而胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)与CK差异不显著,叶绿素含量达到最大值,叶肉细胞超微结构无明显变化且未出现伤害症状,但细胞壁明显增厚;在中度干旱(MD)胁迫下,蒙原欧李Pn、Tr、Gs和WUE持续降低,Ci逐渐上升,叶绿素含量下降,叶肉细胞超微结构发生变化并出现伤害症状;在重度干旱(SD)胁迫下,蒙原欧李Pn、Tr、Gs和WUE降至最低(分别是CK的9.09%、45.19%、3.16%和20.39%),Ci达到最大(CK的2倍),叶绿素含量降到最低,叶肉细胞超微结构发生明显变化并出现严重伤害症状,叶绿体膜系统瓦解,细胞核内物质流出,线粒体外膜消失,细胞壁变薄。因此推测,干旱胁迫诱导蒙原欧李叶肉细胞超微结构先发生改变,进而影响叶绿素合成和光合特性,但在细胞超微结构变化过程中也出现抗性反应,进一步证明蒙原欧李具有较强的抗旱性。 相似文献
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京郊荒滩生态恢复初期植被与土壤环境的变化--以延庆县为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对延庆县龙庆峡荒滩恢复初期植被和土壤特征的变化进行了研究。结果表明:荒滩恢复过程中,人工植被长势良好,植物种类由恢复前的13种增加到60种,群落物种的丰富度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数均比恢复前显著提高;生活型谱中一、二年生草本植物的比例由恢复前的61.5%降低到35%,植被盖度由恢复前的18%增加到80%。植被的恢复使土壤理化性质发生了变化,与恢复前相比土壤中有机质、碱解氮、速效钾以及细砂、极细砂、粉砂、粘粒含量显著增加,pH值和速效磷含量降低。 相似文献
11.
短时低温对柑橘大实蝇1~4级蛹恒温代价的弥补效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax(Enderlein)为我国重要的柑橘类害虫。为了解短时低温对柑橘大实蝇1~4级蛹恒高温代价的弥补效应,以25℃恒高温为基础,研究了相对低温10、15、20℃短时(2、4、8h)变温处理柑橘大实蝇1~4级蛹后其成虫羽化情况。相对于恒温25℃,经15℃和20℃短时(2~8h)变温处理1级蛹后成虫羽化增长率为14%~47%,经10℃和15℃短时(2、4、8h)变温和20℃短时(4h)变温处理2~3级蛹后成虫羽化增长率为2%~45%,经10、15℃和20℃短时(2、4、8h)变温处理4级蛹后成虫羽化增长率为28%~46%,均表现为正增长,产生了恒温代价弥补正效应。4级蛹经10、15、20℃变温处理2h和8h,对其恒温代价弥补正效应均较2~3级蛹的大。总之,特定时长低温对特定蛹级产生恒温弥补正效应,不同蛹级间效应有差异。本研究结果为室内柑橘大实蝇保存,及春季快速回暖或田间倒春寒情况下柑橘大实蝇种群动态的预测预报提供依据。 相似文献
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黄瓜花叶病毒M株系在白肋烟上具有典型的症状恢复现象,本研究用提纯病毒和DAS-ELISA建立了CMV-M病毒定量检测方法。研究发现,症状严重程度与叶片中的病毒浓度呈正相关:最早发病的黄化叶每克病组织中病毒可高达790 μg,而恢复叶片上部再发病的花叶症状病叶中每克病组织中病毒也可高达508 μg,恢复叶片中病毒含量很低,每克叶片中最高也没有超过6 μg,仅为发病叶片病毒浓度的1/85~1/135,远低于根和茎中的病毒浓度。RT-PCR和生物学检测结果表明恢复叶片中确实存在具侵染活性的病毒,而且病毒在长达半个月以上一直保持很低浓度。结果表明恢复叶中可能存在有效的病毒防御机制,其具体机理有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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乌梁素海生态恢复机理与工程技术的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
在我国干旱区典型草型湖泊—乌梁素海设立试验基地 ,进行生态恢复工程试验研究。研究表明 :乌梁素海受富营养化影响 ,正在向芦苇沼泽—碱蓬盐化草甸—白刺荒漠方向演化。生态恢复机理是 :( 1 )减少大型水生植物有机氮、磷向底质的沉降 ,削弱内源性营养物负荷的积累与储备 ;( 2 )减少大型水生植物死亡后矿化成氨态氮 ;( 3)控制底质中有机氮向水体释放生成氨态氮。采用机械化方式收割大型水生植物转移营养盐 ,抑制生物促淤效应以及对芦苇区进行园田化生态管理是乌梁素海生态恢复的关键技术 ,也是乌梁素海环境与资源持续发展的核心问题 相似文献
14.
Natural recovery from wilt disease symptoms was evaluated in young olive trees root dip inoculated with Verticillium dahliae in a growth chamber over a 12 week period and, later on, when the trees were transplanted in a V. dahliae-free soil in a lathhouse during a period of 127 weeks. Recovery in an individual tree was considered when a plant showed
symptom remission after having reached a maximum value of symptom severity. Recovery accounted for 53% of 464 trees that showed
wilt symptoms during observations in the two environments. The remaining trees died. Recurrent wilt symptoms were not observed
in recovered trees, and recovery was usually accompanied by the production of new green tissues. Recovery was clearly higher
in trees inoculated with a non-defoliating (ND) isolate (86.4%) of the pathogen than in those inoculated with a defoliating
(D) isolate (23.9%). The percentage of recovery and the level of resistance were significantly correlated. Recovery accounted
for 92.1% of the cases in resistant and moderately susceptible cultivars, reaching 100% in plants inoculated with the ND isolate
(Table 2); meanwhile it was three times lower (30.1% of the plants) in susceptible and extremely susceptible diseased trees.
In the lathhouse, periodical tissue isolations for monitoring the progress of infections over a period of 127 weeks in recovered
trees, showed that the pathogen could only be isolated from trees 19 weeks after inoculation. Pathogen isolation was significantly
higher from susceptible and extremely susceptible cultivars (84.6%) than from resistant and moderately susceptible ones (33.3%).
Results showed that if a tree overcomes infection by pathogen from a single inoculation, and it is able to begin a recovery
process, it will not express wilt symptoms again in a pathogen-free environment. The pathogen remained inactive or dead over
time in recovered trees. Thus, new infections from rootlets would be necessary for new symptom expression. Recovery from Verticillium wilt is an important natural mechanism that occurs in a high percentage of infected olive trees, and can complement the resistance
of the cultivar, particularly in conditions of low inoculum densities of low virulence isolates of the pathogen in the soil. 相似文献
15.
精河入湖口湿地是典型干旱区湖泊湿地艾比湖湿地的重要组成部分。本研究采用空间序列代替时间序列的方法分析了艾比湖精河入湖口退化湿地恢复中土壤呼吸的变化特征。结果表明:(1)随着恢复期的延长,土壤CO2通量的日变化有由单峰型向双峰型转变的趋势;(2)恢复期较短的湿地(1 a),季节变化具有单峰型特点,峰值在秋季,恢复期较长的湿地(3~5 a),季节变化呈现双峰型,且春季高于秋季;(3)退化湿地在植被恢复过程中土壤呼吸速率逐渐增强;(4)在退化湿地的不同恢复阶段,近地面10 cm土壤温度与土壤CO2通量的关系最密切。因此,只要水源充足,精河入湖口退化湿地在恢复过程中土壤呼吸速率随恢复时间延长而逐渐提高,经4~5 a即可恢复到未退化状态。 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACT The length and volume of cells of the plant-pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae strain B728a were measured in vitro and with time after inoculation on bean leaf surfaces to assess both the effect of nutrient availability on the cell size of P. syringae and, by inference, the variability in nutrient availability in the leaf surface habitat. Cells of P. syringae harboring a green fluorescent protein marker gene were visualized by epifluorescence microscopy after recovery from leaves or culture and their size was estimated by analysis of captured digital images. The average cell length of bacteria grown on leaves was significantly smaller than that of cultured cells, and approached that of cells starved in phosphate buffer for 24 h. The average length of cells originally grown on King's medium B decreased from approximately 2.5 to approximately 1.2 mum by 7 days after inoculation on plants. Some decrease in cell size occurred during growth of cells on leaves and continued for up to 13 days after cell multiplication ceased. Although cultured cells exhibited a normal size distribution, the size of cells recovered from bean plants at various times after inoculation was strongly right-hand skewed and was described by a log-normal distribution. The skewness of the size distribution tended to increase with time after inoculation. The reduced cell size of P. syringae B728a on plants was readily reversible when recovered cells were grown in culture. Direct in situ measurements of cell sizes on leaves confirmed that most cells of P. syringae respond to the leaf environment by reducing their size. The spatial heterogeneity of cell sizes observed on leaves suggest that nutrient availability is quite variable on the leaf surface environment. 相似文献
17.
A. Inman H. A. Magnus L. Riccioni K. Hughes M. Coates A. Barnes V. Barton C. Sansford M. Valvassori G. Di Giambattista A. Porta-Puglia J. Razzaghian G. Peterson 《Plant pathology》2008,57(2):290-300
As part of developing a European Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) for Tilletia indica , the causal agent of Karnal bunt of wheat, teliospore survival studies were done outside under quarantine containment at three European sites (Norway, UK, Italy). At each site, experiments were set up in three consecutive years (Experiments 1, 2 & 3) to determine teliospore survival over time (1–3 years) at 5, 10 and 20 cm depths. Experiments were sampled annually and survival assessed in relation to teliospore recovery and to germination at recovery (T0) and 3 months after recovery in case of burial-induced dormancy ( T3 ). Teliospores survived at all three sites at all depths over all the time periods studied. At each site, there was no evidence of a marked decline in teliospore recovery between sampling years, except in one set of years in one Norwegian experiment. There was no consistent effect of depth on recovery. In general there was little evidence for a marked decline in teliospore germination between sampling years. There was some evidence of a decrease in germination with increasing depth in the UK, and for some time-depth interactions. After 3 years' incubation (Experiment 1), mean teliospore recovery and mean germination were: UK: 61% recovery and 31% ( 33% ) germination for T0 (and T3 ); Italy: 30% recovery and 36% ( 29% ) germination; and Norway: 12% recovery and 19% ( 49% ) germination. Germination for laboratory controls ranged from 20–59% (UK), 18–41% (Italy) and 28–59% (Norway). There was no evidence for burial-induced dormancy except in Norway. Teliospores of T. indica can survive for at least three years in European soils. This prolonged period of survival could support establishment of the pathogen if it were introduced into areas of European cereal production. 相似文献
18.
Gerard A J M Jagers op Akkerhuis N Seidelin Christian Kjaer 《Pest management science》1999,55(1):62-68
In pesticide bioassays, especially those with neurotoxic agents, effects on animals are typically grouped into classes according to behaviour, such as normal and affected behaviour, which may range from unstable walking behaviour, to unable to move, to mortality. Generally, recovery is observed in all these effect classes, except the last. Mortality, however, disturbs the analysis of the recovery processes because it decreases the number of animals that otherwise could have shown a reversible effect. We consider that this interaction between mortality and other, reversible, effects is a conceptual problem, and give arguments in favour of analysing changes in behaviour and mortality as two independent, simultaneously occurring neurotoxic syndromes. As an illustration, two data sets are analysed in both ways and these show that marked differences may exist between conclusions reached by the two viewpoints. The consequences thereof are discussed in relation to toxico-kinetic explanations for neurotoxicant effects on behaviour and mortality. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
19.
Abstract The use of dyes in the physicochemical evaluation of sprayers and spray application methods assumes 100% recovery from targets. Using a red and yellow dye on cotton plants it was shown that a significant percentage of dye was actually retained by the plants. The amount differed for different‐coloured dyes. 相似文献
20.
三江平原湿地农业开发的生态环境问题与区域可持续发展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
充分利用三江平原地区历史与现状的有关资料,详细探讨了该区湿地农业开发所产生的各种生态环境问题,并剖析了其产生的原因。通过分析,将该区的生态环境问题归结为5方面,即湿地生态过程改变、湿地生态功能下降、湿地生物多样性降低、农业生态环境脆弱化和农业环境污染突出。结合该区生态环境的实际,本文最后指出,为实现区域生态环境的持续、健康发展,正确处理该区湿地开发的代际公平、加强现有湿地的恢复、保护和管理以及进行区域农业环境的综合整治是关键。 相似文献