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1.
为了分析普通小麦醇溶蛋白和黑麦醇溶蛋白的异同,运用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法和反相高效液相色谱法对4个普通小麦品种和4个黑麦品种的醇溶蛋白进行了比较分析。在酸性电泳分析方法中,4个普通小麦品种共分离出16条迁移率不同的谱带,而4个黑麦品种共分离出10条谱带,每个品种在α、β、γ、ω四个区的分布频率也不相同。从谱带出现的频率和染色的深浅可明显看出普通小麦的醇溶蛋白含量远远大于黑麦品种。在反相高效液相色谱分析方法中,普通小麦分离出12～18个组分,黑麦品种分离出6～12个组分;普通小麦不同类型的醇溶蛋白出峰时间比较紧凑,而黑麦的出峰时间差异较大。反相高效液相色谱分析方法能很好地分离醇溶蛋白,且其更快速、简便、所需样品量少。 相似文献
2.
为了分析普通小麦醇溶蛋白和黑麦醇溶蛋白的异同,运用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法和反相高效液相色谱法对4个普通小麦品种和4个黑麦品种的醇溶蛋白进行了比较分析.在酸性电泳分析方法中,4个普通小麦品种共分离出16条迁移率不同的谱带,而4个黑麦品种共分离出10条谱带,每个品种在α、β、γ、ω四个区的分布频率也不相同.从谱带出现的频率和染色的深浅可明显看出普通小麦的醇溶蛋白含量远远大于黑麦品种.在反相高效液相色谱分析方法中,普通小麦分离出12～18个组分,黑麦品种分离出6～12个组分;普通小麦不同类型的醇溶蛋白出峰时间比较紧凑,而黑麦的出峰时间差异较大.反相高效液相色谱分析方法能很好地分离醇溶蛋白,且其更快速、简便、所需样品量少. 相似文献
3.
为利用反相超高效液相色谱(RP-UPLC)分离、定量分析小麦麦谷蛋白组分,研究了流动相比例、洗脱时间、柱温、流速和进样量对色谱分离结果的影响,并利用新建立的分离麦谷蛋白亚基的方法分析了基因型及环境对麦谷蛋白组分的影响。结果表明,最优的洗脱程序为79%的流动相A(含0.08%三氟乙酸的超纯水)和21%的流动相B(含0.08%三氟乙酸的乙腈溶液)洗脱5 min,在25 min内,流动相A逐渐降低至48%,流动相B逐渐增加至52%,最后维持5 min,柱温、流速和进样量分别为55℃、0.5 mL·min-1和16μL,该方法可以精确分离至少11种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)。单个HMW-GS的相对含量和HMW-GS与低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)的比值均受基因型和环境的影响,且基因型的影响大于环境。 相似文献
4.
小麦醇溶蛋白的遗传与品质改良 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
醇溶蛋白是小麦胚乳中的重要贮藏蛋白,由它在组成上的高度异质性以及品质的重要作用长期以一直上受到广泛关注,本文综述了近年来国内外在醇溶蛋白基因定位,后代遗传规律,等位基因变异及其与品质和农艺性状的关系进行了研究进展,并讨论了通过醇溶蛋白组成的电泳筛选改良小麦品质的可行性及前景。 相似文献
5.
采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)研究了杨梅果实中有机酸的成分和含量,在C18柱(4.6mmID×250mm,4μm)上,采用紫外检测器(波长214 nm)进行检测,其流动相为0.04 mol/L的KH2PO4-H3PO4缓冲液,pH2.4,流速0.8mL/min,柱温35℃。检测所得7种有机酸标准曲线相关系数达0.999 0以上,平均回收率在88%～101%之间;变异系数RSD<3.06%。 相似文献
6.
波兰小麦对普通小麦醇溶蛋白的改良作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为研究波兰小麦对普通小麦醇溶蛋白的改良作用,利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(A-PAGE)电泳技术对60个波兰小麦×普通小麦中13后代株系的醇溶蛋白位点进行了检测.结果表明,波兰小麦与普通小麦杂交后代醇溶蛋白存在丰富的变异类型,共产生了34条迁移率不同的醇溶蛋白谱带,其中,α区2条,β区24条,γ区4条,ω区4条.每个株系具有7～21条带,多数株系为12～19条,平均15.68条.醇溶蛋白遗传多样性指数(H')及多态性信息含量(PIC)分析结果显示,β区醇溶蛋白组成最为丰富,而α区最低.供试材料间存在较大的遗传变异,在GD值0.38水平上可聚为4类.波兰小麦醇溶蛋白谱带在BC<,1F<,2中出现的频率比BC<,2中更高,变异更为丰富.杂交后代中出现了4条双亲不具有的新谱带.分析表明,波兰小麦对普通小麦醇溶蛋白的改良有十分明显的作用. 相似文献
7.
对不同小麦品种醇溶蛋白亚组的定性测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对来自不同家和基因型的１６个小麦品种的ω－、α－和γ－型醇溶蛋白亚组的含量及比率进行了分析。这１６个品种的技术性状不同。在用盐溶液预前洗提后，再用６０％（Ｖ／Ｖ）的含水乙醇作洗提液，则能从面粉中获得最适量的醇溶蛋白洗提物。利用Ｃ１８硅胶上的逆相关活性液态图粉仪进行分离和定性测定。醇溶蛋白及其亚组的总含量存在着显著的种间差异。在各种醇溶蛋白中，只有ω－醇溶蛋白以低水平存在。在面粉蛋白质含量同醇溶 相似文献
8.
小麦醇溶蛋白的遗传与品质改良 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
醇溶蛋白是小麦胚乳中的重要贮藏蛋白,由于它在组成上的高度异质性以及对品质的重要作用,长期以来一直受到广泛关注。本文综述了近年来国内外在醇溶蛋白基因定位、后代遗传规律、等位基因变异及其与品质和农艺性状的关系等方面的研究进展,并讨论了通过醇溶蛋白组成的电泳筛选改良小麦品质的可行性及前景。 相似文献
9.
HPLC测定西番莲中叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为建立西番莲果肉中叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素的快速提取和HPLC检测方法,以西番莲果肉为试材,对叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素的提取和检测方法进行优化。结果表明:2种类胡萝卜素的最佳提取条件为1 050μL的乙酸乙酯-二氯甲烷-正己烷有机混合溶剂(64∶16∶4,V/V/V),10min左右可高效提取西番莲果肉中叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素。以C30色谱柱;流动相:甲醇-叔丁基甲醚(80:20,V/V)等度洗脱;流速:0.8 m L/min;进样量:20μL;柱温:30℃;检测波长:450 nm。该色谱条件下,叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素线性关系良好,相关系数(R2)分别为0.999 0和0.999 3;检出限为0.01μg/m L和0.02μg/m L;2种类胡萝卜素的平均回收率分别达到了98.47%、96.43%;样品稳定性和检测方法准确度较好,RSD5.0%。对3个西番莲品种果实中叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素含量进行测定,其含量呈现双花西番莲黄果西番莲紫果西番莲的趋势。该提取和检测方法具有速度快、有机溶剂用量少,灵敏度高等优点,能在短时间内实现大量西番莲样品中叶黄素和β-胡萝卜素的提取和检测。 相似文献
10.
小麦醇溶蛋白组分的遗传研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨醇溶蛋白在小麦杂种后代的遗传特点,选用2个小麦杂交组合(苏引10号×晋农190、晋麦47×晋农190),用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(APAGE,pH 3.1)对其亲本及后代材料(F_1、F_2代)进行了电泳分析.结果表明,醇溶蛋白在F_1代表现出共显性和倾母性(剂量效应)遗传特点;F_2代蛋白谱带发生分离,具体表现为:Gli-13.9、23.2、26.0、34.8、40.2、46.2、50.0、71.5、73.8等9个组分的分离符合一对基因的分离规律,而Gli-12.7、15.7、16.5、19.1、26.9、30.5、30.8、32.2、76.8等9个组分的分离符合两对基因的分离规律;Gli-17.8既不符合一对基因的分离规律,又不符合两对基因的分离规律.这表明前9种蛋白受控于一对基因,后9种蛋白受控于两对基因;最后一种蛋白尚无法确定,需借助双向电泳做进一步研究. 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献